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Biomedical subjects

E Eriksson

Publications and source records attributed to E Eriksson.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Marked symptom reduction in two women with bulimia nervosa treated with the testosterone receptor antagonist flutamide.

Previous reports indicate that elevated serum levels of androgens in women may contribute to the development of bulimia nervosa and other conditions characterized by impaired impulse control and/or depressed mood. This report describes the effect of treatment with the testosterone antagonist flutamide (250-500 mg daily) in two women with severe bulimia. Both subjects reported a marked improvement with respect to bulimic behaviour within a week after initiation of flutamide treatment; when the drug was withdrawn, both patients relapsed. It is concluded that further investigations of the possible efficacy of androgen antagonism in eating disorders are warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Amplitude and timing of electromyographic activity during sprinting.

The aim of this study was to make descriptive analyses of the muscle activities in the lower extremity during maximal sprinting. Nine healthy sprinters were examined during maximal sprinting using telemetric electromyography (EMG). Seven muscles of the lower extremities were investigated: biceps femoris, medial hamstrings (semimembranosus and semitendinosus), rectus femoris, gluteus maximus, tibialis anterior, lateral gastrocnemius and medial gastrocnemius. The recorded EMG levels during running were expressed as percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contractions (%max EMG). For each muscle, the normalized EMG was plotted during the whole running stride cycle and is presented for each muscle. The reason for using this method is to show that it is possible to compare different muscle activities in a runner as well as to make comparisons between runners. Lateral and medial hamstrings and gluteus maximus showed similar activities with peak levels of EMG during foot-strike. Rectus femoris had a two-peak activity, with one peak at the middle of the stance phase and the other during the swing phase. The tibialis anterior also showed a two-peak activity, but with the peaks at the beginning of the swing phase and just before foot-strike. The highest activities of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius occurred just before toe-off.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Low back pain in elite cross-country skiers. A retrospective epidemiological study.

Low back pain is a common complaint among competitive cross-country skiers. Fifty-three top male and 34 female skiers in the age group 16-25 were interviewed with a questionnaire regarding anthropometric parameters, training variables, back pain and other injuries. The frequency of back pain was 64% in the whole group, men affected slightly more often than women. Back pain was defined as previous or present recurrent skiing correlated backache that more or less affected skiing ability. Diagonal skiing style was the most commonly back pain-inducing style, whereas no skier experienced back pain when "skating" only. The low back was the predominant location of pain. Anthropometric and training variables seemed to be of little value in predicting back pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Different fibrinolytic potentials between human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human adult vein endothelial cells.

Endothelial cells play a central role in fibrinolysis due to their production of both tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1). The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the production of t-PA and PAI-1 from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and from human adult vein endothelial cells (HAVEC) adopt the same pathways for the regulation of fibrinolysis, and that differences in PAI-1 and t-PA production are only quantitative. HUVEC and HAVEC cultures were exposed to phorbol ester (PMA), endotoxin (LPS) or thrombin, singly or in combination with forskolin or H7. The conditioned medium was collected after 16 h and analyzed for t-PA and PAI-1 antigens. The basal production of both t-PA and PAI-1 was significantly higher from HUVEC than from HAVEC. Exposure to PMA, thrombin or forskolin gave a similar response from the two cell types. In contrast, the results from HUVEC and HAVEC differed significantly, not only in magnitude but also in direction, when the cells were exposed to forskolin coincubated with PMA, LPS or thrombin, and in magnitude alone when exposed to LPS only. The results indicate that there are not only quantitative but also qualitative differences in the production of t-PA and PAI-1 from HUVEC and HAVEC. These differences must be taken into account when data from cells of different origin are compared.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of cyclosporine and topical betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate in the treatment of severe chronic hand eczema.

Topical corticosteroids are the standard treatment for hand eczema. However, in chronic forms of the disease they are often ineffective or lose their efficacy due to tachyphylaxis. In a previous open study cyclosporine showed efficacy in chronic hand eczema. The aim of this study was to compare oral cyclosporine at 3 mg/kg/day with topical 0.05% beta-methasone-17,21-dipropionate (BDP) cream in the treatment of chronic hand eczema. In a randomized, double-blind study 41 patients with chronic hand eczema resistant to conventional treatment were assigned to either cyclosporine or BDP for 6 weeks. Both cyclosporine and BDP improved the eczema. The total disease activity score decreased to 57% of baseline in the cyclosporine group (mean change -6, SD 4.3; p < 0.001) and to 58% of baseline in the BDP group (mean change -5.7, SD 4; p < 0.001) at the end of treatment. However, between the groups there was no significant difference. Adverse events occurred in 68% of the patients during cyclosporine and in 56% during BDP treatment. With cyclosporine no case of hypertension or increase in serum creatinine above normal levels was recorded. In two patients the serum creatinine levels increased to values 30% above their own baseline values. Relapses occurred to the same extent in both groups. Cyclosporine at 3 mg/kg/day is as effective as topical BDP in the treatment of chronic hand eczema. Low-dose cyclosporine could be useful as an alternative treatment for severe chronic hand eczema in patients unresponsive to conventional treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

DNA binding proteins from keloid fibroblasts form unique complexes with the human fibronectin promoter.

Keloids are pathological lesions characterized by enhanced expression of extracellular matrix molecules including fibronectin. A molecular dissection of the human fibronectin promoter was performed to identify DNA-protein interactions that correlate with altered fibronectin gene expression by keloid fibroblasts. DNA mobility shift patterns generated by nuclear extracts from skin, scar, and keloid fibroblasts were identical at a consensus CRE at -170 of the human fibronectin promoter whereas extracts from keloid fibroblasts formed complexes at a CRE/AP-1-like sequence at -415 that differed from those generated by skin and scar fibroblast extracts. The DNA-protein interactions identified at -415 were sensitive to altered serum concentrations in skin and scar but not keloid fibroblast cultures. The effects of forskolin and TGF-beta on fibronectin expression correlated with changes in the DNA-protein complexes assembled on the -170 and -415 cis elements, respectively. Oligonucleotides containing consensus CRE and AP-1 sequences did not compete for binding of nuclear proteins to the CRE/AP-1-like domain at -415, suggesting that this is a unique cis element. These studies indicate that the human fibronectin promoter contains two cis elements on which related but nonidentical complexes form. Alterations in the complexes interacting with the sequence at -415 may be responsible for the differences in fibronectin gene expression among quiescent skin, mature scar, and keloid fibroblasts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Arthrofibrosis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Fibrosis↗
PubMed1995

Dopamine D3 receptor antisense influences dopamine synthesis in rat brain.

Intracerebroventricular infusion of an all-phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeted at the rat dopamine D3 receptor mRNA (10 micrograms h-1, 5 days) resulted in a significant reduction (19%) of the binding of the [D2 + D3] ligand [3H]spiperone in the limbic forebrain, where D3 receptors are relatively abundant, but not in caudate-putamen, where D3 receptors are sparse. In nucleus accumbens antisense treatment also caused an increase in dopamine synthesis; in contrast, antisense administration did not counteract the effect of apomorphine on dopamine formation. No effect of antisense administration on dopamine synthesis was observed in caudate-putamen. The results support the usefulness of the antisense strategy for the study of D3 receptors and suggest that D3 receptors may influence dopamine synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetin is superior to the noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor maprotiline in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome.

Recent studies indicate that antidepressant drugs with potent serotonin reuptake inhibiting properties are effective in reducing the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). In order to elucidate whether all antidepressant drugs are equally effective in the treatment of PMS or whether potent serotonin reuptake inhibition is a prerequisite for reducing premenstrual complaints, women suffering from severe PMS were treated daily for three menstrual cycles with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, paroxetine (n = 22), or with a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, maprotiline (n = 21); in addition, a placebo group was included (n = 22). Six symptoms (irritability, depressed mood, tension/anxiety, increased appetite/craving for carbohydrates, bloating, and breast tenderness) were rated by the participants daily throughout the study. With respect to all outcome measurements, the symptom reduction obtained with paroxetine was significantly superior to that obtained with placebo; with respect to irritability, increased appetite/carbohydrate craving, bloating, and breast tenderness, as well as global self-rating, paroxetine was significantly superior also to maprotiline. The clear-cut superiority of paroxetine over maprotiline indicates that not all antidepressant drugs are equally effective in the treatment of PMS; rather, like panic disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder, but in contrast to depression, PMS apparently responds better to serotonin reuptake inhibitors than to antidepressants with a noradrenergic profile.

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMed1995

Sodium lactate elicits a rapid increase in blood pressure in Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Effect of pretreatment with the antipanic drugs clomipramine and alprazolam.

Intravenous administration of sodium lactate in concentrations (0.5 M, 2 M) previously shown to elicit panic attacks in patients with panic disorder was found to cause a prompt and short-lasting increase in blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats and in normotensive Wistar rats; in contrast, only weak and nonsignificant effects of lactate were observed in rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain. The effects of lactate on heart rate in SH rats varied; thus, whereas most rats displayed a modest bradycardia during lactate infusions, in some rats the increase in blood pressure was accompanied by an increase in heart rate. After pretreatment with antipanic medication [the serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor clomipramine (10 mg/kg/day, 3 weeks) or the triazolobenzodiazepine alprazolam (2 mg/kg/day, 3 weeks)], the blood pressure response to sodium lactate in SH rats was significantly blunted; in contrast, acute pretreatment with clomipramine (10 mg/kg) did not reduce the response. It is suggested that further studies on the cardiovascular effects of sodium lactate in SH or Wistar rats may shed further light on the mechanisms underlying the panic-provoking effect of lactate in panic disorder patients and on the mode of action of antipanic drugs.

Alprazolam↗
PubMed1995

Dry, moist, and wet skin wound repair.

Effects of wet (saline in a vinyl chamber), moist (hydrocolloid dressing), and dry (sterile gauze dressing) environments on wound repair were studied in a porcine partial-thickness wound model. Chambers were exchanged and refilled daily with normal saline containing penicillin G (100 U/ml) and streptomycin (100 micrograms/ml). Hydrocolloid and gauze dressings were kept in place until biopsy of the wound site. Wounds in wet, moist, and dry environments were completely epithelialized on days 6, 7, and 8, respectively. Thickness of the epidermis in wet, moist, and dry wounds was 204 +/- 23, 141 +/- 12, and 129 +/- 18 (mean +/- SEM), respectively. Moist wounds had more subepidermal inflammatory cells than wet wounds. In comparison to dry wounds, the moist or the wet healing environment resulted in less necrosis and faster and better quality of healing in the formation of the newly regenerated epidermis.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Gene transfer.

The principles and techniques of gene transfer are presented. Common concepts are defined, and the frequently used transfer vectors are described herein. Several gene transfer applications are discussed briefly. Areas of particular interest to the plastic surgeon such as gene transfer to skin and wounds are included.

Gene Expression↗
PubMed1995

Isolation, and virulence profiles, of Aeromonas hydrophila implicated in an outbreak of food poisoning in Sweden.

A case of food poisoning outbreak involving Aeromonas hydrophila is reported in this study. A group of 27 people consumed a typical Swedish food "landgång" which is a type of smörgåsbord containing shrimps with mayonnaise, liver paté, ham, sausage, and legume salad which was purchased from a food store. Twenty-two of the 27 persons became ill within 20-34 hr of consumption of the food and reported the symptoms ranging from severe acute diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, fever and vomiting. One person also fainted. The symptoms lasted for a couple of days. Of the remaining 5 healthy persons who consumed the left-over food the next day, 2 became ill with similar symptoms. The bacteriological examination of left-over food samples resulted in the isolation of A. hydrophila from shrimps with mayonnaise, smoked sausage, liver paté and boiled ham. The total number of A. hydrophila in these foods were log 10(6) to log > 10(7) organisms per gram of food sample. A. hydrophila was however, not isolated from legume/mayonnaise salad samples. All the food samples tested showed low numbers of other expected food contaminating organisms such as coliforms at 37 C and 44 C, fecal streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, fungi and yeast etc., while Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella spp. were not detected in the food samples. Investigations of the virulence profiles of the A. hydrophila isolates showed their capacity to produce beta-hemolysin, cytotoxins, cytotonic toxins, enterotoxins, and adhesion to and invasion of human intestinal (Henle 407) cells in culture.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Effects of remoxipride and raclopride on prolactin release from clonal pituitary tumour cells.

The dopamine D2 receptor antagonist remoxipride (30 microM) stimulated prolactin release from the prolactin-producing rat pituitary tumour cell strains GH3 and GH4C1 as well as from transfected GH4C1 cells expressing the short isoform of the rat D2 receptor (GH4ZR7). The effect of remoxipride on prolactin release is probably not due to an interaction with D2 receptors since GH4C1 cells, in contrast to GH3 and GH4ZR7 cells, are completely devoid of D2 receptors; in contrast, we have previously shown that the D2 antagonist haloperidol causes prolactin release from D2 receptor-expressing cells, only. Exposure of GH3 cells to the inhibitor of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, 8-(diethylamino)-octyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride (TMB-8) prevented the prolactin-releasing effect of remoxipride whereas pretreatment with the membrane Ca2+ channel antagonist nimodipine did not influence the response. The D2 receptor antagonist raclopride counteracted the reduction of VIP-stimulated prolactin release induced by the D2 agonist quinpirole but caused no prolactin release per se.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Complex intracellular signal transduction regulates tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) synthesis in cultured human umbilical vein endothelium.

Endothelial cells are central in fibrinolysis because of their high production of both activators (t-PA, uPA) and inhibitors (PAI-1). The t-PA and PAI-1 synthesis could be regulated by signals transduction at several cellular levels. The purpose of this in vitro study, on cultured endothelial cells, was to explore the receptor/second messenger regulation of the t-PA and PAI-1 synthesis. Quiescent confluent human umbilical vein endothelial cells, cultured in passage 1, were exposed to different test substances. Samples from the conditioned medium were collected after 16 and 24 h and analysed for t-PA and PAI-1 antigen. All data presented were related to the data from control dishes (= 100%), in the same experiment. The results from the present study (mean +/- 95% confidence interval) demonstrated the following. (1) Forskolin, with a documented direct cAMP-inducing effect, decreased the basal PAI-1 production to 61 +/- 15%, and Na-nitroprusside, with a documented cGMP-inducing effect, increased the basal PAI-1 production to 141 +/- 38% without affecting the basal t-PA production. The surface receptor agonists isoprenalin or ephedrine, which indirectly affect adenylate cyclase, had no effect on t-PA or PAI-1 production. (2) Phorbolester (PMA), which directly activates proteinkinase C (PKC), increased the basal t-PA and PAI-1 production to 350 +/- 71%, and 163 +/- 35% respectively. (3) Thrombin, but not endothelin-1 (ET-1), increased the basal t-PA and PAI-1 production to 195 +/- 34% and 136 +/- 18%, respectively, indicating an PKC-mediated thrombin effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cells, Cultured↗