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Biomedical subjects

E Eerola

Publications and source records attributed to E Eerola.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Monoclonal antibodies against chicken Bu-1a and Bu-1b alloantigens.

The production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against chicken B cell surface alloantigens, Bu-1a and Bu-1b, is described. Flow cytometric analysis using these mAbs demonstrates that Bu-1 gene locus does not show allelic exclusion. Two color fluorescence analysis using simultaneous surface marker labeling and DNA staining shows that the expression of Bu-1 antigen is not restricted to a specific phase of the cell cycle. Earlier findings that Bu-1 locus is not linked to the MHC locus are confirmed. Furthermore, data is presented that Bu-1 antigen expression is not entirely B cell restricted. Apparently a fraction of larger mononuclear cells with typical light scatter characteristics in flow cytometry also bear this marker. MAbs against both allelic Bu-1 antigens are beneficial tools e.g. in typing of chicken lines and in studies on chicken B cell differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

DNA aneuploidy in anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid gland.

Nuclear DNA content of 19 cases of large cell or spindle cell anaplastic carcinomas of the thyroid was studied by flow cytometry. In 17 cases archival paraffin-embedded tissue and in 2 cases fresh material obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsy was used for DNA content determination. Unequivocal evidence of DNA aneuploidy was obtained in 13 cases (68%). Two tumors contained more than one aneuploid stemline of cells. Eighteen (95%) of the patients died within 20 months after diagnosis, but 1 patient has survived for 13 years. The observed survival rate of the patients with carcinoma with a DNA index (DI) less than 1.30 was superior as compared with tumors with a DI greater than 1.30 (P = 0.007). All 7 patients with tumors with DIs greater than 1.30 died within seven months, whereas 5 of the 11 patients with tumors with DIs less than 1.30 survived longer than one year after the diagnosis.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1988

Abnormal mitochondria in cultured synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid and reactive arthritis?

This paper summarizes our recent studies on synovial fibroblast cultures started from patients with rheumatoid or reactive arthritis and from healthy controls. Analysis of these cultures by flow cytometry, spectroscopy and electron microscopy revealed consistent differences between arthritic and normal fibroblasts. Increased autofluorescence, exceptional light scatter properties, rhodamine-123 staining and electron microscopic findings of fibroblasts from arthritis patients suggest involvement of mitochondria in the disease process. Conditioned media of activated monocytes induced in the mitochondria of normal synovial fibroblasts changes similar to those observed in the fibroblasts originating from patients with rheumatoid or reactive arthritis.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1988

Role of antibodies in the opsonization of Yersinia spp.

We have determined the opsonic capacity of specific antibodies in patient sera obtained after Yersinia infection. The results indicate that Yersinia antibodies lead to complement activation through the classical pathway, thus overcoming the inhibition of complement-mediated opsonization in the absence of specific antibodies provided by the virulence plasmid in Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Further, antibodies against plasmid-encoded structures, the Yersinia outer membrane proteins (YOPs), are not necessary in this effect. This is indicated by two facts. (i) Monoclonal antibodies directed against the O polysaccharide of Y. enterocolitica O:3 are capable of opsonizing the plasmid-containing bacteria through C1q binding. (ii) Rabbit antisera show opsonic activity when obtained by immunization both with plasmid-containing Y. enterocolitica expressing the YOPs and a plasmid-cured variant not expressing these proteins.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1988

Optimal data processing procedure for automatic bacterial identification by gas-liquid chromatography of cellular fatty acids.

Gas-liquid chromatography of cellular fatty acids was used in automatic identification of clinical bacterial isolates. The intraspecies variation in the occurrence of fatty acids and the variation in the relative gas-liquid chromatography peak areas of different fatty acids were evaluated and compared with the relative peak areas of these acids. A new chromatogram comparison method involving the use of an exponential function was developed to adjust to data variation optimally. This method was compared with several previously published methods of correlation analysis with data from representative clinical bacteriological isolates. The efficacies of the methods in separating different bacterial species into distinct clusters were compared. The new exponential function method was superior to the others both in its ability to separate species into different clusters and in giving a greater degree of identity to strains within a proper cluster. The results indicate that the gas-liquid chromatography of bacterial cellular fatty acids can be used effectively in the identification of clinically isolated bacteria. However, the usefulness of the analysis depends on the comparison method used and on its ability to cope with data variations.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1988

Pure and mixed mucinous breast carcinomas: DNA stemline and prognosis.

The DNA stemline of 45 mucinous breast carcinomas was determined by flow cytometry using paraffin embedded archival tissue sections. The material consisted of 26 pure mucinous and 19 mixed mucinous carcinomas. The patients were followed up for at least 15 years or until death. Nearly all pure mucinous carcinomas had a normal DNA stemline (25 of 26) with only one aneuploid tumour. Mixed mucinous carcinomas had a DNA content resembling that of common ductal carcinoma with 11 aneuploid tumours. Aneuploid tumours tended to be of higher grade and stage than diploid tumours. The survival of patients with pure mucinous carcinoma was better than that of patients with mixed mucinous carcinoma. Mucinous carcinoma should be classified as such only if it is a pure mucinous carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1988

Flow cytometry of fibroblasts cultured from skin of patients with localized scleroderma.

Fibroblast cultures were initiated from affected and unaffected skin sites of 6 patients with localized scleroderma. Two of the affected cell lines exhibited more than threefold increases in procollagen production and mRNA levels. All the cell lines were analyzed by flow cytometry to detect a possible heterogeneity of scleroderma fibroblast cultures which could explain the production of excessive amounts of collagen. No evidence of a subpopulation responsible for elevated collagen production was detected using cytoplasmic dot hybridization of cells fractionated by flow cytometry. When compared with the nonaffected controls, all the cell lines from affected skin areas of scleroderma patients were found to exhibit a lower level of cellular autofluorescence, suggesting an alteration in metabolic activity. The results show that the heterogeneity of scleroderma fibroblasts that was found in vivo is lost when the cells are cultured.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Antimicrobial systems of human whole saliva in relation to dental caries, cariogenic bacteria, and gingival inflammation in young adults.

The association of salivary antibody (total IgA, IgG, and IgM and antibodies reactive with Streptococcus mutans) and non-antibody (lysozyme, lactoferrin, salivary peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, hypothiocyanite, thiocyanate) defense factors with oral health (past and present dental caries, gingival bleeding, the number of salivary S. mutans and lactobacilli) were studied in 50 naval recruits. Dental caries was significantly associated with large amounts of S. mutans, lactobacilli, and total salivary immunoglobulins and with low salivary flow rate and buffer capacity. Salivary anti-S. mutans antibodies did not correlate with dental caries or S. mutans levels. Moreover, none of the salivary non-antibody factors alone had any strong relationship to dental caries or S. mutans levels. Gingival inflammation was associated with elevated levels of lysozyme in whole saliva. It is concluded that in adults the associations between single-point measurements of most salivary antimicrobial constituents and the factors describing oral health are weak.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Flow cytometric DNA analysis combined with fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of palpable metastases.

To determine the diagnostic value of flow cytometric (FCM) DNA analysis in combination with fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, the nuclear DNA content was analyzed in FNA specimens from 155 superficial metastases and 60 benign lymph nodes. The results of FCM DNA analysis were considered to be positive for malignancy if DNA aneuploidy was found or if more than 12% S+G2M cells were present in the aspirate in diploid cases. The diagnostic accuracy of FCM DNA analysis alone in detecting malignancy was 92%, with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 95%. FCM suggested the correct diagnosis in 5 of the 7 cytologically false-negative cases and in 9 of the 12 cytologically indeterminate or suspicious cases.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1988

The tonsils are superior to the peripheral blood as sources of mononuclear cells for B-cell purification.

Various methods for B-cell purification from mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood and tonsils were evaluated. L-leucine methyl ester was found to be the best method for monocyte depletion when B cells were isolated. Purification of B cells by negative selection methods from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) resulted in cell populations containing less than 40% B cells. This was partly due to significant increase in the relative number of large granular lymphocytes during the purification procedures. However, when T cells and monocytes were depleted from tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMCs), 84.6% of the remaining cells were B cells. The cell populations isolated from PBMCs and TMCs by negative selection methods differed from each other also in their responsiveness to pokeweed mitogen. Positive selection methods, such as panning and cell sorting by flow cytometer, resulted in good purities with both PBMCs and TMCs. However, the cell yields with the positive selection methods were always very low. It is concluded that the tonsils should be favoured as sources of B cells when negative selection methods are used. When peripheral blood B cells are wanted, positive selection methods should be favoured.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1987

Nuclear DNA content and its prognostic value in lymphoma of the stomach.

Nuclear DNA content of 27 primary lymphomas of the stomach was determined by flow cytometry from paraffin-embedded tissue. Thirteen (50%) of the 26 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were aneuploid. The only case with Hodgkin's disease was diploid. The mean age of patients with aneuploid lymphoma was less than that of patients with diploid lymphoma (53 years versus 63 years, P = 0.02). DNA aneuploidy was more common in tumors with extragastric spread into the adjacent organs or the upper abdominal lymph nodes than in intragastric lymphomas (73% versus 17%; P = 0.003). Patients with aneuploid lymphoma had both inferior crude recurrence-free survival rate (P = 0.05) and survival rate corrected for known intercurrent diseases (P = 0.02) than patients with diploid lymphoma. Extragastric spread of lymphoma into the adjacent organs or the upper abdominal lymph nodes was, however, the most important prognostic factor by a multivariate analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Uracil-DNA glycosylase activity in human acute leukemia.

The expression of the DNA excision repair enzyme uracil-DNA glycosylase was investigated in bone marrow and peripheral samples from seven patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), from 17 patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), and from one patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) in blast crisis. In addition, uracil-DNA glycosylase activities were determined in nine human leukemia/lymphoma cell lines. There was a clear correlation between the percentage of blast cells and the enzyme activity when mononuclear cell fractions from patient samples were analysed. The following uracil-DNA glycosylase activities were recorded (mean +/- S.D., number of samples): ALL = 45.6 +/- 14.8 U/mg of protein, N = 10; ANLL = 41.1 +/- 13.8 U/mg of protein, N = 22; CGL (blast crisis) = 44.7 U/mg of protein. The uracil-DNA glycosylase activity in nine human leukemia/lymphoma cell lines ranged from 35.2 to 66.0 U/mg of protein, and no striking differences were observed between the T-ALL, B-ALL, null cell ALL or myeloid lines. Similarly, the various biological features, such as the common ALL surface antigen, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase enzyme, the sub-type of leukemia, chromosomal aberrations, or previous chemotherapy, did not apparently affect the expression of uracil-DNA glycosylase. We propose that the integrity of the genetic information is well protected by uracil-DNA glycosylase in different forms of leukemia, including cases with a low proportion of S-phase blasts, as assessed by flow cytometry in the present work. When compared to the activities in benign hematopoietic progenitor cells, studied previously in this laboratory, no big differences between the benign and malignant hematopoiesis were demonstrated. Hence, it is unlikely that selectivity of chemotherapy towards malignant vs benign hematopoietic growth could be based on the enzyme uracil-DNA glycosylase.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1987

Effect of cytosine arabinoside on the human immunosystem: toxicity against quiescent human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.

The toxic and metabolic effects of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) were studied in vitro with normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The majority of target cells were T-lymphocytes. Dose-dependent toxicity of clinically relevant Ara-C concentrations was manifested by increased cell loss, inhibition of spontaneous blastic transformation, inhibition of DNA synthesis assessed by 3H-thymidine incorporation, inhibition of protein synthesis assessed by 14C-leucine incorporation, and inhibition of the mitogenic response of T-lymphocytes when challenged with phytohemagglutinin after Ara-C treatment. Cell death among the resting cells was delayed and it was mainly, if not entirely, cell-cycle-independent, since most of the cells stayed in the G0- or G1-phase. The toxicity of Ara-C was effectively reversed by an excess of deoxycytidine. This suggests that the molecular mechanism of Ara-C toxicity against quiescent peripheral blood mononuclear cells is based on its anti-metabolic role in the salvage pathway of biosynthesis of DNA deoxycytidine.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1987

Flow cytometric analysis of the DNA profile of renal cell carcinoma.

DNA flow cytometry was applied to one hundred consecutive renal cell carcinomas from years 1974-1979. Single cell suspensions were prepared from paraffin-embedded tissue. From 96 evaluable tumours 34 were considered diploid and 62 aneuploid. Ploidy did not correlate statistically significantly with local growth, venous invasion, nodal or distant metastatic spread, or nuclear grade of renal cell carcinomas. Also the survival of the patients with diploid and aneuploid tumours was not significantly different, but, excluding patients with distant metastases at the time of extrafascial nephrectomy, 83% of the patients with diploid tumour survived for five years, while only 57% of the patients with aneuploid tumour were alive after the same time interval. The difference between survival curves is statistically almost significant (p less than 0.05). The cytologic nuclear grade predicted the prognosis more significantly (p less than 0.01), and the combination of these methods is recommended for the prognostication of renal cell carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

T cell function in chickens bursectomized at 60 hours of incubation.

Chickens surgically bursectomized in ovo (Bx) at 60 hr of embryonic development offer a unique model to study selectively the influence of the bursa of Fabricius on thymus-dependent immune functions because the lymphoid cells of these animals develop in the total absence of the bursal microenvironment. The Bx chickens have been shown to be unable to respond to antigenic stimulation by specific antibody production. In the present study, we have characterized different aspects of T-cell-mediated immunity in Bx chickens. Our results indicate the existence of a normal, functional T cell system in these animals. Peripheral blood leukocytes from Bx chickens were able to induce normal graft-versus-host reaction and mixed lymphocyte reaction. The capacity of peripheral blood T cells from Bx animals to produce interleukin-2 was indistinguishable from that of their normal counterparts, suggesting normal function of T helper cells. We demonstrate that peripheral blood leukocytes from Bx birds have normal in vitro proliferative responses to nonspecific T cell mitogens, concanavalin A, and phytohemagglutinin, and to a specific antigen, keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The inability of the Bx chickens to respond to specific antigens is therefore restricted to B cells and to production of specific antibodies. Our findings indicate that the bursa of Fabricius is not necessary for the development of thymus-dependent immune functions and support the suggestion that the specific function of the bursa is the creation of antibody diversity.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Inhibition of gingival fibroblast growth by Bacteroides gingivalis.

Human gingival fibroblasts were exposed in culture to cell extracts of different black-pigmented Bacteroides species, and their growth was monitored by determining thymidine uptake and counting cells. Of the Bacteroides species tested (B. gingivalis, B. asaccharolyticus, and B. intermedius), B. gingivalis gave the extract with the strongest inhibitory effect on fibroblast thymidine uptake. Linear inhibition reaching 80% of the control level was obtained with a dose of 100 micrograms of B. gingivalis extract protein per ml. The effect of B. asaccharolyticus resembled that of B. gingivalis, but even at the highest dose tested B. intermedius had only a slight inhibitory effect. When fibroblasts were counted after 2- and 4-day exposures to B. gingivalis extracts, a clear depression in the number of fibroblasts was found. The effects of extracts obtained from early and late growth phases of B. gingivalis cultures were similar. A fraction of B. gingivalis consisting essentially of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) was obtained by degrading the extract proteins with proteinase K. Silver staining of polyacrylamide gels revealed a LPS pattern with a molecular mass ranging from 37 to 60 kilodaltons. This LPS-rich fraction caused inhibition of thymidine uptake by gingival fibroblasts similar to that caused by the native extract alone. Thus, the inhibition of gingival fibroblast growth by B. gingivalis appeared to be LPS mediated. This inhibitory effect of B. gingivalis on oral fibroblast growth may be a virulence factor of this bacterium.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1987

Virulence-plasmid is associated with the inhibition of opsonization in Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.

Plasmid-cured variants of virulent strains of Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis were obtained by selection after growth in calcium-deficient medium. To obtain antigen preparations consisting of whole bacteria the original plasmid-containing strains and the plasmid-cured variants were grown in conditions favouring expression of the temperature-inducible outer membrane proteins of Yersinia (YOP) (37 degrees C, calcium-deficient culture medium). The presence or absence of the YOP on the bacteria was verified by immunoblotting. Opsonophagocytosis of YOP-negative Yersinia preparations (YOP-) was compared to that of YOP-containing ones (YOP+) in human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemiluminescence (CL) assay. The attachment of complement C3b on the surface of the bacteria after opsonization with normal human serum was determined by using a fluorescent anti-C3c-antibody and flow cytometry. YOP+ bacteria resisted opsonization in the absence of specific antibodies, as indicated by diminished C3b-fixation on bacteria and weaker CL response. This implies that virulence-plasmid-coded structures provide Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis with an ability to avoid complement-mediated opsonization and phagocytosis.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗