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Biomedical subjects

E E Nel

Publications and source records attributed to E E Nel.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

Monitoring regularity of drug intake in tuberculous patients by means of simple urine tests.

A study was undertaken to evaluate simple, reliable urine spot tests suitable for detection of the major anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide. The discrepancy between the actual ingestion of anti-TB tablets and prescribed medication was investigated in 234 hospitalized male and female patients as well as in 85 male and female outpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Several factors implicated in patient non-compliance are discussed, namely the degree of supervision, the independent administration of rifampicin before the other TB medication, and patient preference for certain TB medicines because of tablet size.

Color↗
PubMed1979

Phenotyping of South African black tuberculosis patients for inactivation of isoniazid.

Studies of isoniazid inactivation rates in black tuberculosis patients from South Africa and Birmingham, Alabama, showed a higher frequency of fast inactivation than those of North American Caucasian patients. After an oral test dose of 10 mg/kg isoniazid the percentage of fast inactivators in black patients of South Africa and Alabama was close to 60% while in North American white participants (Canadian and Birmingham Caucasians), the frequency of fast inactivation was approximately 40%.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of isoniazid phenotyping of black and white patients with emphasis on South African blacks.

Black tuberculosis patients from South Africa (S. A.) as well as from Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.A., showed a higher percentage of fast inactivators of isoniazid (INH) than that found in the North American white population, simultaneously sampled. In S. A. blacks, the frequency of fast inactivation was 57.9--59.6%, while in American blacks of Birmingham it amounted to 60.3%; in comparison to the above groups the rate of fast acetylators in Canadian Caucasians was 41.9% and in the USA white population 41.0%. For phenotyping of isoniazid inactivators a urine test was used. In this method the concentrations of INH (including isoniazidhydrazones) as well as acetylisoniazid were determined in the specimens collected 6--8 hrs following a test dose of 10 mg/kg INH.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Mycobacterioses.

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Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1977

Pulmonary disease associated with mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli in miners.

Five patients with lung disease caused by mycobacteria other than tubercle (MOTT) bacilli are described. Mycobacterium kansasii was the causative organism in 4 patients and M. scrofulaceum in 1 patient. The species were repeatedly isolated from sputum specimens cultured on Löwenstein-Jensen medium. The clinical features, mycobacterial isolations, bacteriological properties of the pathogens and the therapeutic problems encountered are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex serovars isolated in South Africa from humans, swine, and the environment.

From 1968 to 1978 a total of 792 strains of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex were isolated from various sources in South Africa and serotyped according to Schaefer's seroagglutination test' 569 strains were from healthy rural persons, 171 strains were from lymph node lesions of swine, and 52 environmental strains were from animal feed and bedding, plants, dust, and soil. Serotyping was undertaken to determine the exposure of humans and animals to various serovars, to ascertain the predominance of individual serovars from the various sources, and to pinpoint, if possible, reservoirs of infection. Occurrence of M. avium serovars 1--3 was low in all sources studied: 1% in humans, 4% in the environment, and 14% in swine. The predominant human serovars were 7, 14, 19, 24, and 13, whereas the predominant swine serovars were 8, 4, double type 4/8, and 10. Serovars found in the environment were 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, and 17, with serovars 4 and 8 predominating.. Therefore, in South Africa, as in Australia, humans and animals are continuously exposed to various serovars, particularly serovars 4--24, which can be frequently and regularly isolated from the environment, the possible source of infection.

Animal Feed↗