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Biomedical subjects

E E Ligtvoet

Publications and source records attributed to E E Ligtvoet.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Antibiotic use and resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in The Netherlands during the period 1994-1999.

Antibiotic use in The Netherlands during the period 1994-1999 is described in relation to the resistance of routine isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The average antibiotic use in the study period was 3.4 defined daily doses per 1000 persons per day (DDD/1000/day) penicillins, 0.066 DDD/1000/day beta-lactams other than penicillins, 2.3 DDD/1000/day tetracyclines and 0.71 DDD/1000/day trimethoprim and sulphonamides, without apparent rise or decline. In contrast, the use of macrolides doubled from 0.51 DDD/1000/day in 1994 to 1.0 DDD/1000/day in 1997 and stayed at 1.07 DDD/1000/day in 1998 and 1999. In 1994 the first pneumococci isolated from patients showed 0.7% resistance to penicillin (intermediate plus full resistance), 2.5% to erythromycin, 4.2% to co-trimoxazole and 4.7% to tetracycline. In 1999 first isolates showed 1.5% resistance to penicillin, 3.8% to erythromycin, 4.4% to co-trimoxazole and 6.6% to tetracycline. The modest but significant rise in the resistance to erythromycin may have been caused by the increased use of macrolides in the years 1994-1997. The rise in resistance to penicillin seemed not to be related to increased beta-lactam use.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

Microbiological evaluation of glycerolized cadaveric donor skin.

BACKGROUND: Human cadaveric donor skin is commonly used for the treatment of extensive burns. To minimize the risk of transfer of bacteria, viruses, and prions to the recipient, the donor and cadaver skin are screened according to standard transplantation protocols. METHODS: Since 1984, glycerol in a concentration of 85% has been used as a preservative of cadaver skin; here, data on bacteriological contamination of cadaver skin of 1929 skin donors are reviewed. RESULTS: Results show a reduction of contamination with 70% when antibiotics were used during the processing procedure. Overall, 10.1+/-4.1% of the cadaver skin showed initial bacterial contamination, but after prolonged storage all skin eventually showed no bacterial growth. The most commonly detected bacteria species was Staphylococcus epidermidis (76.7+/-7.0%). The spore-forming Bacillus species was most resistant to inactivation by glycerol, but eventually also this species was no longer detected. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, preservation of skin in 85% glycerol reduces the risk of bacterial transfer to the recipient and allows an increase in yield of cadaver skin of approximately 10%.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

Resistance of staphylococci in The Netherlands: surveillance by an electronic network during 1989-1995.

An electronic surveillance network for monitoring antibiotic resistance in The Netherlands has been in operation since 1989. Seven public health laboratories participate and the system covers about 25% of all bacteriological determinations in The Netherlands. This paper reports the results of staphylococci isolated in the period 1989-1995. About 0.3% of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates in the study period were resistant to methicillin. This low percentage may be due to the restrictive use of antibiotics and to strict isolation measures aimed at eradicating methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Low frequencies of resistance among methicillin-resistant S. aureus were found for vancomycin (0%), chloramphenicol (11%), cotrimoxazole (11%), mupirocin (3% low-level resistance) and fusidic acid (7%). Twenty-one percent of the coagulase-negative staphylococci were resistant to methicillin. Low frequencies of resistance among these methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci were those to vancomycin (0.4%), nitrofurantoin (2%), doxycycline (20%) and amikacin (20%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci from cerebrospinal fluid, blood and skin were less often resistant to quinolones than isolates from respiratory tract, faeces and urine. A significant increase in resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci to methicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin was observed in the investigated period but the resistance to doxycycline and co-trimoxazole decreased in the last few years. To confirm the determination of methicillin resistance and coagulase production, a PCR method was developed which detects both the mecA and the coagulase gene. The results of the PCR method correlated well with the methicillin MIC as determined by an agar-dilution method.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

Transphrenic dissemination of actinomycosis.

Thoracic actinomycosis is an uncommon disease and often presents difficulty in diagnosis. Two cases are presented in which thoracic actinomycosis produced fistulae between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Surgical drainage and high dose penicillin for at least 4-6 months was the treatment of choice.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1989

Treatment failure of norfloxacin against Campylobacter pylori and chronic gastritis in patients with nonulcerative dyspepsia.

Several reports have been published to show the in vitro susceptibility of Campylobacter pylori to different classes of antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical effect of norfloxacin on eradication of C. pylori in patients with gastritis. Endoscopy was performed in 38 patients with symptoms of nonulcerative dyspepsia. Of these, 20 patients had a C. pylori-positive culture. From this group, 17 patients were treated with norfloxacin for 1 month. After therapy, 15 patients still had positive cultures, and in 9 cases the strain was resistant to norfloxacin. These data, which confirm previous studies, support the concept that the in vitro activity of norfloxacin against C. pylori cannot be transposed to an in vivo effect.

Campylobacter Infections↗
PubMed1985

In-vitro activity of pefloxacin compared with six other quinolones.

The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of pefloxacin was compared with that of three of the newer fluorated quinoline derivates: ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and enoxacin, as well as with those of the earlier analogues: nalidixic acid, pipemidic acid and cinoxacin, against almost 750 recent patient isolates of medically important bacteria. MIC90S of pefloxacin were less than or equal to 2 mg/l for Enterobacteriaceae, less than or equal to 8 mg/l for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, less than or equal to 4 mg/l for other nonfermenters and 0.5 mg/l for Staphylococci. Most streptococcal strains were resistant to pefloxacin. Of all the fluorated quinolones, ciprofloxacin was overall the most active compound. The older non-fluorated quinolone analogues had activity against the Enterobacteriaceae only at levels achievable in urine.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗