Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E E Fesenko.
The unhomogeneous distribution of infrared absorption in a thin water layer and its time instability were explained. The parameters of interribbon interaction in the case of thin water layers with bound influence were evaluated.
We have studied the effect of weak electromagnetic field on the morphogenesis of the planarian Dugesia tigrina. Regeneration of the pharynx was examined after its amputation. We have determined the rate of the appearance of the food response of a new pharynx. Experimental conditions were varied, such as dose and duration of irradiation, season, and time of irradiation after surgery. The results of experiments conducted with 2966 planarians have shown that weak electromagnetic field has various effects, which appear either as stimulation of regeneration or as its inhibition. In some experiments, there was no effect at all. These differences depend on numerous factors and may be modulated.
By using the IR-spectroscopy it has been shown that electromagnetic radiation (frequency 8.15-10.0 GHz, energy flux density 5 microWt/cm2) reduces the rate of water desorption from DNA films. It was found that the irradiation of samples with high humidity did not change spectral characteristics of DNA molecules in the range of 900-4000 cm-1, that means their molecular structure remains intact. At the same time the irradiation changed conformation liability of these biopolymeric molecules, that is their ability of conformational transformations under the influence of outer factors. Drying of non-irradiated humid films induced rapid (for a few minutes) transition of DNA from B to A conformational state, whereas in the irradiated films this transition took several hours after humidity reducing.
It was shown by light and electron microscopy that local exposure of the projection of the MC-8 lao-gun acupuncture point in rat pad to low-intensity (0.05 mW/cm2) extremely high-frequency (42.0 GHz) electromagnetic radiation caused a degranulation of derma mast cells. It was suggested that the response of skin mast cells is an important amplifying mechanism in the chain of events leading to a systemic response of the organism to low-intensity electromagnetic radiation.
It was shown that the exposure to combined weak and extraweak magnetic fields (permanent component 42 microT; variable component of an amplitude of 100 nT, frequency 1-60 Hz) increases the intensity of asexual propagation of planarians Dugesia tigrina. The effect of combined magnetic fields is most pronounced at frequencies of 1, 3.7, and 32 Hz. The presence of concomitant technogeneous fields (50 Hz, 30 nT) does not markedly influence the effects of weak magnetic fields with a small variable component. Upon realization of effects of weak magnetic fields, their both components are of great importance; the absence of one (permanent) component changes the sing of the effect to the opposite. The transfer of the effect to planarians through water pretreated with magnetic fields probably indicates that aqueous medium is involved in the realization of biological effects of weak magnetic fields.
The effect of prolonged treatment with weak microwaves on the production of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-3 in peritoneal macrophages and T cells of male NMRI mice twice immunized by affinity-purified carboanhydrase was studied. Against the back ground of a high titer of antibody production, a significant increase in the production of tumor necrosis factor in peritoneal macrophages and splenic T lymphocytes of immunized mice was revealed, and a much stronger effect was observed for irradiated immunized animals. A tendency to increased secretion of interleukin-3 for unirradiated and irradiated immunized animals was found; in the latter group of animals, the effect being more pronounced. The stimulation of production of the cytokins, especially tumor necrosis factor, by combination of antigenic stimulation and microwaves can be used in adjuvant therapy of various immune diseases.
It was shown by electroorientation spectroscopy that hydroxyl radicals OH* generated in a Cu(2+)-ascorbate system disturb the barrier properties of the plasma membrane in Escherichia coli K12 cells. It was also found that in water containing small additions of H+, Na+, and Cl-, preliminarily exposed to weak combined permanent (42 microT) and polyfrequency alternating (amplitude 0.06 microT and frequencies 1, 3.7, and 32.2 Hz) magnetic fields, the sensitivity of the plasma membrane to the radical attack considerably decreased, whereas dimethylsulfoxide did not protect active oxygen species in this system. It was assumed that treating the aqueous solution with magnetic fields affects the oxidation of ascorbate. Spectrophotometric measurements did reveal a decrease in the rate of oxidation of ascorbate by Cu2+ ions in a solution preliminarily treated with magnetic fields.
The effects of low-density centimeter waves (8.15-18 GHz, 1 microW/cm2, 1 h daily for 14 days; MW) on tumor necrosis factor production in macrophages of mice with different growth rate of a cancer solid model produced after hypodermic injection of Ehrlich carcinoma ascites cells into hind legs were studied. After irradiation, an increase in the concentration of tumor necrosis factor in immunocompetent cells of healthy and, specially, of tumor-bearing animals was observed; and the effect of stimulation was higher upon exposure of mice carrying rapidly growing tumors. We suggest that the significant immunomodulating effect of low-density microwaves can be utilized for tumor growth suppression.
Exposure of deionized water of high purity grade to weak magnetic fields (collinear fields: the constant component 42 +/- 0.1 microT; the alternating component: amplitude 60 +/- 2 nT, frequency 3.7 Hz) for 12 h affects the structure formation in a water-xenon system. This is evidenced by the formation of xenon clathrate crystals a few submicrons and microns in size whereas in initial water solution these crystals were absent. The changes in water properties persist for at least two days after the treatment with magnetic fields. The addition into water of calcium ions at a concentration close to physiological completely eliminates the effect of the formation of submicron and micron crystals of xenon gas hydrates.
The mechanism of interaction of an external magnetic field with liquid was proposed. The statistical integral and configurational contributions for a free energy, entropy and specific heat for the soliton model of bulk knitted structures in a magnetic field were calculated. It was shown that the concentration of solitons depends on the effect of external fields. In the specific case of bulk knitted structures (liquid water without magnetic field), the theoretical data are consistent with experimental. The memory effects in systems with hydrogen bonds in magnetic field was explained in the framework of the continuum soliton concept.
It was shown that the stimulating effect of weak combined magnetic fields (constant component 42 microT, frequency of the variable component 3.7 Hz) on the division of planarians depends on the amplitude of the variable component of the field. The effect is particularly pronounced at 40 (the main maximum), 120, 160, and 640 nT. Narrow ranges of effective amplitudes alternate in some cases with equally narrow ranges in which the system does not respond to he treatment. In the range of super weak amplitudes of the variable field (0.1 and 1 nT), the stimulating effect is poorly pronounced. The data obtained indicate the presence of narrow amplitude windows in the response of the biological systems to weak and super weak magnetic fields. In a special series of experiments, it was shown that the effect of fields on planarians is partially mediated via aqueous medium preliminarily treated with weak magnetic fields. It is noteworthy that in experiments with water treated with weak magnetic fields, there were no pronounced maxima and minima in the magnitude of the effect in the range of amplitude of the variable magnetic field from 40 to 320 nT.
The hemoproteins (sperm whale myoglobin, hemoglobin from larvae of Chironomus thummi thummi, bovine hemoglobin) were studied in viscous solvents (saturated sucrose solution, glycerol and water-glycerol solutions) in the temperature range +50 divided by -100 degrees C. At low temperatures the three-phase kinetics of Mb recombination with CO was observed. The velocities of two "fast" reactions did not depend on ligand concentration. This fact indicates that they are due to a so called cage-effect. The formation of the cage is caused apparently by a local change of the solvent state in the heme region. To explain the biphasic "cage" kinetics it has been assumed that during some time after photodissociation myoglobin remains in the "ligand-bound" conformation and reacts with CO faster than the "normal" myoglobin. For other hemoproteins the "cage-effect" was not observed. For all the studied hemoproteins the quantum yield of photodissociation decreased as the temperature decreased. The decrease of quantum yield can be described by the Arrenius law. The rates of the decrease of quantum yield differ for different proteins.
The effect of low-level millimeter fractionated radiation on the production of tumor necrosis factor, intreleukin-2, interleukine-3, and nitric oxide and on the activity of natural killer cells and proliferation of T and B lymphocytes in mice was studied. Cell activity was measured in four groups of male Balb/c mice (control, exposed, tumor-bearing unexposed, and exposed tumor-bearing animals) within 30 days of tumoral growth and microwave exposure (42.2 GHz, 10 Hz amplitude modulation, 0.5 microW/cm2, 1.5 h daily). A significant increase in the production of tumor necrosis factor and nitric oxide and in the activity of natural killer cells was observed at the early stage of tumor development; this effect was considered as adaptive response. In healthy mice, millimeter radiation produced both stimulating and immunodepressive effects. The changes were nonmonotonous; as the exposure duration was increased, the stimulating effect became weaker and on day 30 it was not observed. Irradiation of tumor-bearing mice did not induce any significant changes in the activity of cells compared to unirradiated tumor-bearing animals. Moreover, exposure to millimeter waves impaired some characteristics of cell immunity in tumor-bearing mice. It was concluded that low-intensity millimeter waves do not increase the resistance against tumor as it was shown earlier in our experiments with centimeter waves.
The results of the study of the temperature dependence of water absorption spectra in the visible region and in the region of vibrational overtones are discussed.
It was found that weak magnetic fields (constant 42 microT; variable 0.05 microT; summation of frequencies in the range of 3.58-4.88 Hz) substantially (approximately fourfold) accelerate the hydrolysis of the amyloid beta-protein in aqueous solution. A region of the amyloid beta-protein most sensitive to the action of weak magnetic fields was determined. It is localized between Asp and Ser amino acid residues in positions 7 and 8 of the peptide sequence. It is in this region that the hydrolysis of the molecule of the amyloid beta-protein by the action of magnetic fields predominantly takes place.
The effect of low-intensity centimeter electromagnetic waves (8.15-18 GHz, 1 microW/cm2, 1.5 h daily, 20 days) on the production of tumor necrosis factor, intreleukin-2, and interleukin-3 and the expression of the heat shock protein 72 in healthy and tumor-bearing mice was measured. A significant increase in tumor necrosis factor production and a slight reduction of interleukin-2 concentration were observed after exposure to microwaves; we consider these effects as adaptive response. The interleukin-3 production in healthy mice was not affected by microwaves. Low-intensity centimeter waves induced antitumoral resistance in tumor-bearing mice. Thus, exposure of tumor-bearing mice led to a significant rise in the tumor necrosis factor production and the normalization of both interleukin-2 and interleukin-3 concentration. We assume that the significant immunomodulating effect of low-density centimeter microwaves can be used for immunocorrection and suppression of tumor growth.
The literature data and our own data on the synaptic plasticity and remodeling of synaptic organelles in the central nervous system are reviewed. Modern techniques of laser scanning confocal microscopy and serial thin sectioning for in vivo and in vitro studies of dendritic spines, including the relationship between morphological changes and the efficacy of synaptic transmission, are discussed using, in particular, a model of long-term potentiation. The organization of dendritic spines and postsynaptic densities of different categories as well as the role of filopodia in spine genesis were analyzed. It was shown that the method of serial ultrathin sections is the most effective for unbiased quantitative stereological analysis and 3D reconstructions. By using the refined method of serial ultrathin sections with subsequent three-dimensional reconstructions, the presence of giant mitochondria in hippocampal neuronal dendrites was demonstrated. It was shown that smooth endoplasmic reticulum forms a unified continuum with the outer membrane of the mitochondrial envelope within dendrites. It was suggested that this continuum provides calcium tunneling, which makes possible intracellular signal transduction during synaptic transmission. Evidence is presented indicating the presence of gap junctions ("electrical synapses") in the synapses of mammalian brain, as well as between glial processes, and between glial cells and neurons. Our data and the data of other authors show that glial cell processes form a structural and functional glial network, which modulates the functioning of the neuronal network. The connection of dendritic spines with the glial network is shown on 3D reconstructions by analyzing the neuropil volume in CA1 hippocampal area of ground squirrels in three functional states: normothermia, provoked arousal, and hibernation when brain temperature falls below 6 degrees C. The own data of the authors are discussed indicating the formation of more than five presynaptic boutons (multiple synapses) on both CA1 mushroom-like dendritic spines and CA3 thorny excrescences. On the basis of the analysis, new ideas of the organization and functioning of synapses were suggested.
It was found that single total-body exposure to electromagnetic centimeter waves (8.15-18 GHz, 1 microW/cm2, 5 h) stimulated the proliferation of mouse T and B splenic lymphocytes. The same effects were observed upon in vivo treatment of rats for 5 h with millimeter waves (42.2 GHz, amplitude modulation 10 Hz, 1 microW/cm2). The whole-body irradiation with centimeter or millimeter waves did not cause any significant changes in natural activity of killer cells. The cellular responses induced by the irradiation of isolated animal cells in vitro did not coincide with those revealed after the total-body irradiation of animals. Thus, the in vitro irradiation of natural killer cells to millimeter waves for 1 h increased their cytotoxic activity whereas, after treatment to centimeter waves for the same time, the activity of killer cells did not change. On the contrary, irradiation of T and B lymphocytes with millimeter waves (42.2 GHz, amplitude modulation 10 Hz, 1 microW/cm2, 1 h) suppressed the blasttransformation of cells. The results show a higher immunostimulative potential of centimeter waves as compared to millimeter waves.