Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E E El-Denshary.
The dopaminergic drug bromocriptine inhibited the release of insulin from isolated mouse pancreatic islets. The effect was counteracted by haloperidol or pimozide. It is suggested that insulin release may be inhibited through activation of D-2 dopaminergic receptors in the pancreatic beta-cells.
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AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Nausea and vomiting occur in the majority of patients receiving cisplatin (CDDP) chemotherapy. Ondansetron, a new 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, has been used effectively to control CDDP-induced nausea and vomiting. This study examined the potential of ondansetron to interfere with CDDP antitumor activity and toxicity in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). METHODS: The influence of ondansetron on CDDP cytotoxicity was evaluated using EAC cells in culture. In addition, the influence of ondansetron pretreatment on CDDP-induced antitumor activity and host tissue toxicity was studied in EAC-bearing mice. RESULTS: Ondansetron (0.25 microM) enhanced CDDP (0-32 microM) cytotoxicity against EAC cells in vitro. In EAC-bearing mice ondansetron (0.2 mg/kg,ip) administered 1 h before CDDP (7 mg/kg, ip) did not modify the antitumor activity of CDDP. CDDP (7 mg/kg, ip) single treatment induced significant increases in blood urea nitrogen (2-fold) and serum creatinine (2.5-fold) and significant decreases in hematocrit (25%) and white blood cell count (39%) compared to saline treatment. Mice receiving ondansetron 1 h before CDDP showed no significant enhancement of CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity or myelosuppression compared to those pretreated with saline receiving the same dose of CDDP. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the use of ondansetron to control CDDP-induced nausea and vomiting does not affect CDDP antitumor efficacy.