Biomedical subjects

E Dulmet

Publications and source records attributed to E Dulmet.

40 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

[Mobility of the vocal cord and the arytenoid in cancer of the larynx and the hypopharynx. Anatomo-clinical study].

Fourty one squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx, laryngeal margin and larynx were studied in order to compare the vocal cord and arytenoid mobilities with the tumoral extension to the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. Several whole organ sections were performed on the surgical specimen for studying specifically the lateral and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles, thyroarytenoid muscles and crico-arytenoid joint. The weight of the tumor located at the top of the arytenoid cartilage without any tumoral extension of the crico-arytenoid muscles can fix the arytenoid, preserving the vocal cord mobility. On the other hand, the simultaneous immobility of vocal cord and arytenoid was associated respectively with 66% of tumoral extension to the crico-arytenoid muscles in hypopharynx and lateral margin carcinomas, and 33% in endolaryngeal tumors. The authors emphasize that a separate clinical evaluation of vocal cord and arytenoid mobilities would give more precise informations concerning surgical indications of laryngeal conservative surgery.

Arytenoid Cartilage↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Role of nitric oxide on cholinergic component of bronchial tone in pig.

In vitro studies demonstrated that stimulation of intrinsic nerves of airway smooth muscle results in a predominantly contractile response, followed by a relaxant response which involves cholinergic, adrenergic and non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) nerve activation. Thus, in this paper it is determined whether endogenous nitric oxide (NO) modulates cholinergic neurotransmission in isolated pig airway smooth muscle. Bronchial rings were suspended in organ baths for isometric measurement of tension and the contractions were induced using electrical field stimulation (EFS) techniques. Then, the effects of L-NG-nitroarginine (L-NOARG, 10 microM), an inhibitor of NO synthase, and L-arginine (L-ARG, 1 mM), a precursor of NO synthesis, were evaluated. The cholinergic contractions induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS: 60 V, 2 ms, 60 Hz) of pig lobar bronchial preparations increased (29%) in the presence of L-NOARG (10 microM). This effect may be released by nerves in pig large airways during EFS.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pressor responses of rat isolated tail arteries to contractile stimulation after methylene blue treatment: effect of adventitial versus intimal entry.

To test the hypothesis that drug entry site (intimal vs. adventitial surface) may be an important determinant of methylene blue (MB) action on vascular reactivity to contractile stimulation, we used preparations of rat isolated tail arteries perfused at constant flow (2 ml/min). Perfusion pressure changes reflecting vascular responses to cumulative addition of phenylephrine (PE) or dopamine (DOP) were recorded before and after MB addition (2.5 x 10(-4) M final concentration) at the intimal or adventitial surface. Intraluminal addition of MB resulted in strong potentiation of subsequent responses to intimal contractile stimulation using PE or DOP. This effect was not observed when MB was added at the adventitial surface. These results suggest that drug entry site is an important determinant of MB action on vascular responsiveness in the rat tail artery and might account for the divergent results in the literature on the vascular action of MB.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Amelioration of reperfusion injury by pentoxifylline after lung transplantation. The Université Paris-Sud Lung Transplant Group.

BACKGROUND: Pentoxifylline attenuates neutrophil-mediated lung injury in several models of acute lung inflammation. METHODS: Because pulmonary neutrophil sequestration is the main determinant of lung reperfusion injury, we sought to determine whether pentoxifylline prevented reperfusion injury in isolated perfused rat lung (4-hour cold ischemia, 1-hour reperfusion; pentoxifylline intravenously 40 mg) and in pigs after left lung allotransplantation (24-hour cold ischemia, 4-hour reperfusion; pentoxifylline 1.5 mg/kg/hr intravenously). In the pigs, inflatable cuffs placed around each pulmonary artery enabled us to evaluate each lung separately. RESULTS: In rat lungs, the coefficient of lung permeability increased by 75% +/- 10% in controls and by 3% +/- 2% (p < 0.01) in pentoxifylline-treated lungs. In the pigs, with blood flow to the transplanted lung alone and ventilation with an inspired oxygen fraction of 1, the arterial oxygen tension was greater in the pentoxifylline group than in the control group (423 +/- 49 versus 265 +/- 43 mm Hg, p < 0.05), whereas the total pulmonary vascular resistance was lower (15 +/- 1 versus 30 +/- 9 mm Hg/L/min, p < 0.02). After reperfusion, the decrease in circulating leukocyte count fell by 35% +/- 3% in the control group and remained unchanged in the pentoxifylline group, and the leukocytes count per microscopic field in the transplanted lung was lower in the pentoxifylline group than in the control group (15 +/- 2 versus 140 +/- 50, p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that pentoxifylline prevented reperfusion injury by decreasing neutrophil lung sequestration.

Animals↗