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Biomedical subjects

E Dimond

Publications and source records attributed to E Dimond.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Cancer genetics fundamentals.

It is often said that cancer is genetic. What exactly does that mean? This article is our answer to that question at the turn of the millennium. We present models of carcinogenesis, review basic cancer genetics terminology, and explain some of the fundamental genetic changes common to all types of cancer. These are organized into 6 sections of (1) self-sufficiency in growth signals, (2) insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals, (3) evasion of programmed cell death, (4) limitless replicative potential, (5) sustained angiogenesis, and (6) tissue invasion and metastases. Underlying all of these changes are the even more fundamental enabling factors of genetic instability on both the chromosomal and the gene level. Finally, we look toward the future in a field where the future is now!

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed2001

Preparing for the future through genetics nursing education.

PURPOSE: To determine recommendations for curriculum change that are indicated by innovations in genetics. METHODS: Both quantitative and qualitative. The sample (n = 356) consisted of nurses identified as experts in genetics (n = 228) and nurses identified as potential users of genetics education (n = 128). Nurses' opinions of core components of a genetics curriculum were elicited via a mailed survey questionnaire. Participants also provided demographic information and completed the Jones Innovativeness Scale (1997). FINDINGS: Recommended content in genetics education for practicing nurses was identified by both groups of nurses. Innovativeness characterized 3% of the respondents. Ninety-eight percent of respondents said that adopting genetics education is important. In total, 398 items were identified as potential consequences of education that incorporates genetic information. CONCLUSIONS: Identified content provides a template for genetics education programs for nurses. Genetics nursing education was perceived to have positive outcomes for both nurses and clients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Mutations in beta-catenin are uncommon in colorectal cancer occurring in occasional replication error-positive tumors.

Beta-catenin has been identified as an oncogene in colon cancer and melanoma. Phosphorylation of sites in exon 3 of beta-catenin leads to degradation of this protein. These sites are primary targets for activating mutations. The frequency with which oncogenic mutations at these sites are found in colorectal cancer is unknown, as is the frequency of their occurrence in other malignancies. We analyzed 92 colorectal cancers (CRCs) and 57 cancer cell lines (representing a diversity of tumor types) to determine the frequency of activating mutations in this gene. Mutations in exon 3 of beta-catenin were found in 2 of 92 CRCs and in the colorectal cancer cell line HCT 116. Both tumors with beta-catenin mutations exhibited widespread microsatellite instability, which is indicative of a replication error phenotype, a phenotype known to be present in HCT 116. This suggests that mutations in beta-catenin are infrequent in CRC and miscellaneous cancer cell lines and may occur in association with a replication error phenotype.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A cancer day hospital: an alternative approach to caring for patients in clinical trials.

The National Institutes of Health recently established a large cancer day hospital (CDH) to address the need to support new research initiatives in the face of a shrinking research budget. By design, the CDH is very much a nursing unit. It employs a collaborative practice model of patient care delivery that emphasizes the nurses' independent clinical- and protocol-related responsibilities and roles. The CDH is designed to be budget neutral. An increased outpatient throughput and a decrease in inpatient days for at least one large protocol population (patients receiving therapy for prostate cancer) have been demonstrated. With a steadily increasing number of patients, the CDH appears to be a well-accepted and cost-effective site for the care of patients enrolled in oncology clinical trials.

Aftercare↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recommendations for educating nurses in genetics.

With the ongoing and increasingly rapid pace of genetic discoveries, nurses must be able to incorporate genetic knowledge into their everyday practices of promoting the genetic health of individuals, families, and communities. Although development of genetic health knowledge is in its infancy, nurses are currently expected to integrate information about genetic risks, testing, and treatments for clients throughout the clients' entire lifespan. All nurses must have an understanding of the relationship between genetics and health to appropriately identify and address genetic concerns in their clients. To fulfill these roles, nurses need to improve their knowledge base in genetics. This article provides recommendations for genetics curriculum in continuing and entry-level nursing education programs. These recommendations are outcomes of a research project involving genetics nurse experts as well as nurses new to the area of genetics, and a consensus workshop of nursing faculty involved in curriculum changes subsequent to an intensive genetics continuing education program. Nursing educators are beginning to recognize the importance of education of all nurses about genetics. If, however, all educators do not accept this responsibility, nurses will be left behind in designing and offering health care for the 21st century.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗