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E Delaporte

Publications and source records attributed to E Delaporte.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Perforating milia-like idiopathic calcinosis of the extremities in Down syndrome].

INTRODUCTION: Several skin diseases can be seen in patients with trisomy 21. We report a case of miliary calcinosis of the extremities. CASE REPORT: A 15-year old adolescent with Down's syndrome presented small papular miliary lesions which had developed over 18 months and tended to discharge a chalk-like substance via the epidermis. Approximately 15 lesions were present on the hands and feet. Histologically, there was a well-delimited calcium deposit in the superficial dermis. There was no alteration in phosphorus/calcium metabolism. Brain CT-scan and cardiac echography did not reveal any calcifications. DISCUSSION: Miliary calcinosis cutis may not be exceptional in Down's syndrome, although only 9 observations have been reported. Preferential localizations include the hands, wrists and feet. Association with syringoma has been noted but would appear to be fortuitous. Transepidermal elimination of the calcium deposits is frequent. Pathogenic hypotheses include precipitation of calcium salts in sudation products and/or increased synthesis by fibroblasts. The association with trisomy 21 appears to be significant since only three cases have been reported in patients with normal karyotypes. This entity should be individualized as perforating milia-like idiopathic calcinosis cutis of the extremities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Ofuji's eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. Efficacy of acitretin].

BACKGROUND: We report the first case of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (Ofuji's disease) which was successfully treated with acitretin. CASE REPORT: A 50-year old women (HIV negative) had developed over 3 months an erythematopapulous plaque under the left orbit. The clinical and histological diagnosis was eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. Successive treatment with cetirizine then indomethacin was ineffective. Acitretin (0.5 mg/kg/d) was then started and led to cure within 1 month. Six weeks after the patient spontaneously stopped the treatment, the lesion recurred at the same localization. Further treatment with isotretinoin (0.5 mg/kg/d) was then given but did not alter progression of the lesion. Acitretin was then reintroduced at the same dose and again produced rapid cure. Acitretin was then tapered off to 10 mg/d then maintained at this dose as lesions reappeared with further dose reduction. DISCUSSION: It is difficult to treat eosinophilic pustular folliculitis because of the random nature of response to different drugs. General corticosteroids, dapsone and indomethacin are classically proposed but with variable success. Isotretinoin is proposed on the hypothesis of a link with sebaceous secretion, but results have been contradictory. This drug was ineffective in our case. Acitretin did however provide very rapid improvement with an efficacy confirmed at reintroduction. This retinoid which does not have the specific action of isotretinoin could affect follicular keratinocytes which have been shown to be activated in this chronic skin disease.

Acitretin↗
PubMed1996

Synthesis of type 1 (IFN gamma) and type 2 (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) cytokines by human eosinophils.

Eosinophils are not only the source of cytotoxic and proinflammatory mediators but they can also generate cytokines and growth factors, including their own factors of differentiation, namely IL-3, GM-CSF, and IL-5. Synthesis of IL-5 by eosinophils was demonstrated by in situ hybridization and immunostaining in a variety of diseases, such as coeliac disease, asthma, hypereosinophilic syndrome, or skin diseases. However, IL-5 synthesis by eosinophils was not shown in Crohn's disease, whereas in other diseases, it was restricted to a subpopulation of eosinophils, suggesting some heterogeneity in cytokine-producing eosinophils. Here, we report that human eosinophils, in addition to the synthesis of IL-5, and Th2 cytokine, can synthesize IFN gamma, a Th1 cytokine, as well as IL-10 and IL-4, known to be mainly produced by Th2 cells. Double immunostaining procedures reveal the coexpression of IL-5, IL-4, and IL-10 by the same eosinophil populations, different from IFN gamma-producing eosinophils. We propose that distinct subpopulations of human eosinophils express Th2 or Th1 cytokines. These results point to the importance of cytokines derived from non T cells in the regulation of the immune response.

Eosinophils↗
PubMed1996

Differential effect of pentoxifylline on lipopolysaccharide-induced downregulation of cytochrome P450.

It is now established that inflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and polyinosinic acid:polycytidylic (polyIC) suppress hepatic expression of cytochrome P450 (P450) genes in rat liver. Previous studies have suggested that LPS- or polyIC-induced downregulation of P450 was due to endogenously released inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and interferons (IFNs). To improve our understanding of the role of inflammatory cytokines in mediating P450 depression, we investigated the possibility of preventing P450 downregulation with pentoxifylline. Pentoxifylline has been shown to inhibit LPS-induced TNF-alpha production by suppression of TNF-alpha gene expression. The present study shows that in uninduced male rats pentoxifylline selectively prevents the downregulation of microsomal P4501A2 and P4502B caused by LPS. No protective effect of pentoxifylline on the downregulation of P4502E1 and P4503A1/2 was observed. PolyIC-induced downregulation of P4501A2, P4502B, P4502E1, and P4503A1/2 was not affected by pentoxifylline. These results suggest that the LPS-induced downregulation of P4501A2 and P4502B is mediated to a large extent by TNF-alpha. Other cytokines might be involved in the suppression of P4502E1 and P4503A1/2. The fact that polyIC-induced downregulation is not protected by pentoxifylline is further evidence that this agent acts via a selective induction of IFNs.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

IgE autoantibodies directed against the major bullous pemphigoid antigen in patients with a severe form of pemphigoid.

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease characterized in part by circulating and tissue-bound IgG autoantibodies directed against the basement membrane zone. In addition, most of the patients with BP have increased serum IgE levels which seem to be correlated with the disease activity, whereas the presence of circulating anti-basement membrane zone IgE Abs has been reported in some patients. To elucidate whether IgE-dependent mechanisms play a role in the physiopathology of BP, we looked for the presence of IgE Abs specifically directed against the major BP Ag (BPAg1) in sera of BP patients at the onset and after remission of the disease. A radioimmunoassay and a 55-kDa recombinant protein (rBP55) obtained from a cDNA sequence, encoding the C-terminal region of the BPAg1 and containing the BPAg1 immunodominant epitopes, were used. Anti-rBP55 IgE Abs were found in 12 of the 19 sera tested. When the patients were divided into two groups according to the disease severity, anti-rBP55 IgE Abs were found only in patients with a severe form of the disease. Cytophilic IgE was detected on approximately 20% of peripheral blood eosinophils purified from BP patients. Immunohistochemistry studies suggested that some of the IgE-bearing cells in the lesional skin of BP patients are eosinophils. Immunostaining experiments revealed the existence of FcepsilonRI on both peripheral blood and tissue eosinophils. Taken together, these results suggest that IgE-dependent mechanisms could participate in the constitution of the lesions in BP.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1996

Mother-to-child transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I/II) in Gabon: a prospective follow-up of 4 years.

SUMMARY: For 4 years. we determined the mode and risk of mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-I in a prospective cohort of 34 children born to seropositive mothers in Franceville, Gabon. We also determined the prevalence of antibodies to HTLV-I/II in siblings born to seropositive mothers. Antibodies to HTLV-I/II were detected by Western blot, and the proviral DNA was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The risk of seroconversion to anti-HTLV-I for the 4 years of follow-up was 17.5 percent. Anti-HTLV-I/II and proviral DNA were only detected after age 18 months. We observed a seroprevalence rate of 15 percent among the siblings born to HTLV-I/II seropositive mothers. Furthermore, we report a case of mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-II infection in a population of HTLV-II-infected pregnant women that is emerging in Gabon. The lack of detection of HTLV-I/II proviral DNA in cord blood and amniotic fluid and, furthermore, the late seroconversion observed in the children indirectly indicate that mother-to-child transmission occurred postnatally, probably through breast milk.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1996

Comparative evaluation of three assays for the quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in plasma.

Reverse transcriptase-coupled polymerase chain reaction (Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor), the branched DNA (bDNA) method (Quantiplex HIV-1 RNA) and the nucleic acid sequence-based assay (NASBA HIV-1 RNA QT) were comparatively evaluated for the quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in plasma. Among 60 plasma specimens from HIV-1 infected patients, HIV-1 RNA was detected in 56 by Amplicor (sensitivity, 93.3%), in 41 by bDNA (sensitivity, 68.3%), and in 60 by NASBA (sensitivity, 100%). HIV-1 RNA was not detected by any of these methods in 34/34 plasma specimens from HIV-1-seronegative blood donors (specificity, 100%). The HIV-1 RNA levels as determined by the different methods were correlated significantly. The frequency of concordant results (log difference < 0.50) was 80.4% between Amplicor and NASBA, 77.5% between Amplicor and bDNA, and 58.6% between bDNA and NASBA. After initiation of antiviral therapy, HIV-1 RNA level variations observed with the three methods were similar. HIV-1 RNA levels were inversely correlated with the CD4+ T cell counts, whereas no correlation was found with HIV-1 p24-antigen levels. When the methods were evaluated for reproducibility, coefficients of variation ranged from 11% to 40% for Amplicor, from 6% to 35% for bDNA, and from 13% to 62% for NASBA. Quantitation of HIV-1 RNA in culture supernatants from HIV-1 subtype A to H strains showed that bDNA can be used to quantitate RNA from all HIV-1 subtypes, whereas Amplicor failed to detect RNA from subtype A strains and NASBA subtype G strains.

CD4 Lymphocyte Count↗
PubMed1996

[Sapho syndrome].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1996

[Initial manifestations and late diagnosis in chronic atrophic polychondritis: apropos of a series of 15 patients].

An auricular or nasal chondritis or a saddle nose deformity are the initial manifestation in half of cases of relapsing polychondritis; the other initial manifestations are various and less evocative; polyarthritis, laryngo-tracheal symptoms, episcleritis which delay the diagnosis. From 15 cases of relapsing polychondritis, the diagnosis time from the first symptom are studied; this one is long, about 3 years and 6 months (from 3 months to 17 years) in 13/15 of the cases even if the first manifestation is typical (external chondritis). In two cases only, the diagnosis was established after the first attack. This late of diagnosis had socioeconomical impact and exposed to severe complications like tracheal chondritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Epidemiological and molecular characteristics of HIV infection in Gabon, 1986-1994.

OBJECTIVE: To describe trends in the prevalence of HIV-1 infection in different populations in Gabon, and the molecular characteristics of circulating HIV strains. METHODS: Data were collected on HIV prevalence through sentinel surveillance surveys in different populations in Libreville (the capital) and in Franceville. In Libreville, a total of 7082 individuals (hospitalized patients, tuberculosis patients, pregnant women, asymptomatic adults, prisoners) were recruited between 1986 and 1994. In Franceville, we tested 771 pregnant women and 886 healthy asymptomatic adults (1986-1988). Sera were screened for HIV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed by Western blot or line immunoassay (LIA). Reactive samples in ELISA were tested for the presence of antibodies to HIV-1 group O viruses by ELISA using V3 peptides from HIV-1 ANT-70 and HIV-1 MVP-5180 followed by confirmation by LIA and a specific Western blot. Seventeen HIV-1 strains were isolated (1988-1993) and a 900 base-pair fragment encoding the env region containing V3, V4, V5 and beginning of gp41 was sequenced and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. RESULTS: HIV prevalence was relatively low and remained stable (0.7-1.6% in pregnant women, 2.1-2.2% in the general population). The prevalence was also stable among prisoners (2.1-2.6%). Among hospitalized and tuberculosis patients prevalence was higher and increased (1.8-12.7% and 1.5-16.2%, respectively). Only three sera had antibodies to HIV-1 group O. The 17 HIV-1 strains represent six different genetic subtypes including type O. CONCLUSION: Our data from 1986 to 1994 show a stable and low HIV prevalence in Gabon, and a high genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains. This, also observed in Cameroon, is in contrast to that found elsewhere in Africa. Differences in rate of spread of HIV infection are probably explained by interplay between numerous factors. The role of different HIV subtypes in the dynamics of the HIV epidemic should be examined further.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis versus incontinentia pigmenti: is pigmentary incontinence really a distinctive feature?

This report describes a 3-year-old boy who presented with skin lesions characterized by multiple streaks of hyperpigmentation following Blaschko's lines since 6 weeks of age. The clinical features are consistent with the diagnosis of linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis (LWNH), but differ substantially from this entity by the pigmentary incontinence observed on both the paraffin and electron microscopy sections. Despite the presence of pigmentary incontinence, the diagnosis of incontinentia pigmenti (IP) can be ruled out on the basis that the patient is a male, with none of the characteristic anomalies present in this syndrome, and that he never presented with inflammatory or eruptive skin lesions. This observation suggests that pigmentary incontinence may not differentiate IP from LWNH as conclusively as previously reported in the literature.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1996

Familial peeling skin syndrome with eosinophilia: clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural study of three cases.

OBJECTIVE: The clinicopathologic features of a rare familial form of congenital blister are analyzed to assess what factors could lead to the cutaneous split. METHODS: Three consanguinous newborn babies had a congenital ichthyosis with eosinophilia and elevated total immunoglobulin E. The type and level of the split were studied on skin biopsies performed on the first day of life. RESULTS: The level of the split was located within the corneocytes. Isolated eosinophilic granules were found at this site. Desmosomes and the dermoepidermal junction were intact. Blisters and eosinophilia resolved in 3 weeks, and there was no recurrence during 4 and 6 years of follow-up in two of the patients. CONCLUSION: Peeling skin syndrome is a rare blistering disorder of the newborn that should be recognized because it has a good prognosis. Eosinophils may play an important role in the cutaneous split of this congenital ichthyosis.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1996

[Mycosis fungoides in a Gabonese patient infected with HTLV-I].

Association of human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) with T-cell malignancy is well-known but its relationship with mycosis fungoides is controversial. Typical mycosis fungoides was diagnosed at tumor stage in a 58-year-old Gabonese woman also infected with HTLV-1. Infection with lymphoma of the skin is uncommon in Africa but it is probably underestimated. Association of mycosis fungoides with retrovirus infection could be coincidental since there is a high prevalence of HTLV-1 in Gabon and the only currently recognized association is T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. However recent data indicate the presence of similar retrovirus particles and a common tax gene in the monocytes of most patients presenting mycosis fungoides.

Fatal Outcome↗
PubMed1996

Induction by interferons of human eosinophil apoptosis and regulation by interleukin-3, granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-5.

The effects of recombinant human interferon alpha (rhIFN-alpha) and interferon gamma (rhIFN-gamma) were examined on the apoptosis of human cord blood derived eosinophils, obtained after 4 weeks of culture with recombinant human interleukin-3 (rhIL-3), granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) and interleukin-5 (rhIL-5). Eosinophil viability decreased remarkably after 1 week culture with rhIFN-alpha and rhIFN-gamma. Recombinant rhIFN-alpha also decreased the viability of co-existing monocytes/macrophages, whereas in contrast, rhIFN-gamma increased the percentage of viable monocytes/macrophages. There was no synergistic or additional effect of rhIFN-alpha and rhIFN-gamma on eosinophil viability. Apoptotic eosinophils, detected by their morphological characteristics, or by DNA nick end labeling in situ, increased remarkably after incubation with rhIFN-alpha and increased to a lesser extent with rhIFN-gamma. The numbers of eosinophil-phagocytosing macrophages increased after culture with rhIFN-alpha and also with rhIFN-gamma. In contrast, eosinophilopoietic cytokines such as rhIL-3, rhIL-5 and specially rhGM-CSF, significantly increased eosinophil viability, and partially rescued the effects of rhIFNs. They also decreased apoptotic eosinophil numbers and eosinophil-phagocytosing macrophage numbers. These results indicate that eosinophil viability, at least in vitro, can be differentially regulated by cytokines produced during the immune response.

Apoptosis↗