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Biomedical subjects

E Deisenhammer

Publications and source records attributed to E Deisenhammer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Incidence and cost estimation of diseases of the nervous system and the psyche. An evaluation of non-profit hospitals].

There were 273,722 hospitalizations due to neurological disorders reported in Austria's nonprofit hospitals in 1997, including the related operated cases (14.12% of all 1.9 million hospitalizations). The individual disease groups, e.g., cerebrovascular disorders (59,269 admissions or 3.06%), multiple sclerosis (3,920 admissions or 0.2%) are detailed and the cost resulting from these diseases were estimated according to the Austrian Diagnosis Related Groups. The number of hospitalizations due to psychiatric disorders was 99,346 (5.13%). According to our results, we were able to estimate that 6,492 beds (at the moment 2,053 beds) were required for inpatient treatment in the area of neurology and psychiatry, which means one bed per 1,260 inhabitants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Hospitalization of patients with neurological disorders and estimation of the need of beds and of the related costs in Austria's non-profit hospitals.

In 1997, 273 722 hospitalizations as a result of neurological disorders, including the related operated cases, were reported in Austria's non-profit hospitals (80% of all hospitals). They represent 14.12% of all 1.9 million in-patient treatments. The individual disease groups, e.g. cerebrovascular disorders (59 269 admissions or 3.06%), multiple sclerosis (3920 admissions or 0.2%) and all other groups are detailed. We estimated the cost resulting from these diseases which amounted to 11.88% of all hospital costs. We were also able to estimate that 5549 beds are required for in-patient treatment in the area of neurology, assuming an average duration of treatment of 8 days (Austrian mean value for neurological disorders). This is equivalent to one bed per 1367 inhabitants or 11.31% of all beds for in-patient treatment in non-profit hospitals in Austria. Obviously at present the majority of neurological patients are treated in non-neurological departments. A major increase in resources to neurology is necessary if patients are to receive the benefit of specialized diagnosis and treatment. These further resources not only cover the increase of neurological beds in hospitals but also financial, personal resources and in consequence increased capacity for neurological education, training and research.

Austria↗
PubMed1998

Relation between attempted suicide and suicide rates among young people in Europe.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine if there are associations between rates of suicide and attempted suicide in 15-24 year olds in different countries in Europe. DESIGN: Attempted suicide rates were based on data collected in centres in Europe between 1989 and 1992 as part of the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study of Parasuicide. Comparison was made with both national suicide rates and local suicide rates for the areas in which the attempted suicide monitoring centres are based. SETTING: 15 centres in 13 European countries. PATIENTS: Young people aged 15-24 years who had taken overdoses or deliberately injured themselves and been identified in health care facilities. MAIN RESULTS: There were positive correlations (Spearman rank order) between rates of attempted suicide and suicide rates in both sexes. The correlations only reached statistical significance for male subjects: regional suicide rates, r = 0.65, p < 0.02; national suicide rates, r = 0.55, p < 0.02. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of attempted suicide and suicide in the young covary. The recent increase in attempted suicide rates in young male subjects in several European countries could herald a further increase in suicide rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Discordance of technetium-99m-HMPAO and technetium-99m-ECD SPECT in herpes simplex encephalitis.

UNLABELLED: Technetium-99m-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) and 99mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) accumulate in brain tissue in proportion to regional cerebral blood flow in healthy subjects and in patients with a variety of neurological diseases. We report on four patients with herpes simplex encephalitis and the discordance between these two approved cerebral perfusion imaging radiopharmaceuticals. CONCLUSION: SPECT images showed unilateral regional increase of 99mTc-HMPAO uptake and decrease of 99mTc-ECD uptake in the affected temporal lobe.

Brain↗
PubMed1997

Non-HTLV-I associated pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma of the brain mimicking post-vaccinal acute inflammatory demyelination.

Two weeks after vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a 57-year-old female suddenly developed mental confusion and hemiparesis of the left side. Cranial MRI demonstrated extensive bilateral lesions in the fronto-parietal white matter of both hemispheres, suggesting an acute inflammatory demyelinating disease following vaccination. Despite administration of high-dose corticosteroids, the patient died 3 weeks after onset of neurological symptoms. Autopsy revealed diffuse infiltrates of a primary cerebral pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma of medium and large cell type. PCR on brain tissue for HTLV-I and serology for anti-HTLV-I antibodies in CSF and serum were negative; immunocytochemistry on brain tissue did not detect EBV-related antigen. This is the first recorded observation of a diffusely infiltrating primary central nervous system T-cell lymphoma, clinically and radiologically mimicking a fatal acute inflammatory demyelinating complication after vaccination.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Zonisamide for add-on treatment of refractory partial epilepsy: a European double-blind trial.

The new antiepileptic drug zonisamide was evaluated in a European multicenter parallel-group double-blind trial as add-on treatment for 139 patients with refractory partial epilepsy. During treatment with zonisamide complex partial seizures decreased by 27.7% compared to placebo (P < 0.05) and the median rate dropped from 12/month to 7.1/month with no changes in the placebo group (P < 0.007). During the 12-week double-blind phase a 50% reduction of all seizures was recorded in 29.9% of the patients treated with zonisamide vs. 9.4% during placebo. Complete remission was observed during treatment with zonisamide in 6.2%. The plasma concentrations of the concomitant antiepileptic drugs did not change markedly when zonisamide was added. Adverse events, mostly fatigue, somnolence, dizziness and ataxia, occurred in 59.2% of the patients compared to 27.9% during placebo. Zonisamide was withdrawn in two patients due to adverse events. Kidney stones were not observed nor any relevant clinical chemistry or hematological changes. Zonisamide is an effective antiepileptic drug for add-on treatment of refractory partial epilepsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of a multicentre study with Iomazenil--a benzodiazepine receptor ligand.

After showing in an earlier publication that Iomazenil is a potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, the substance has been distributed to 11 clinical centres in Europe for further tests. The protocol asked for volunteers, epileptic cases and patients with Alzheimer's disease. Prior to the Iomazenil examination, flow images by perfusamine or HMPAO were required, and as comparative methods EEG, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed. The results allowed first the determination of the normal distribution of the benzodiazepine receptors in the human brain. The highest uptake was found in medial occipital cortex. Second, the evaluation of the epileptic cases shows a 100% positive prediction value for Iomazenil compared to 92% for flow images. Negative prediction values were calculated as 81% for Iomazenil and 54% for flow images. Furthermore, one group reported the successful diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease at an early stage. The visual image examination was tentatively compared to a more objective semiquantitative one based on quotients of corresponding left/right regions of interest. This semiquantitative method has not proved successful yet, but the problems have been identified. A more precise protocol for further studies is therefore proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Thrombolysis in acute occlusion of cerebral blood vessels].

Thrombolysis may achieve recanalization in cases of occlusion of the cerebral vessels. If therapy is initiated in good time, development of cerebral infarction may be at least partially prevented. Thrombolytic treatment was performed in 14 patients at the Wagner-Jauregg Hospital within a period of one year. Urokinase was given locally, while rtPA was applied locally and/or systemically. 4 patients had an occlusion of the internal carotid artery, 6 an occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, and 4 an occlusion of the basilar artery. Complete recanalization was achieved in 6 patients, partial recanalization in 4, and no recanalization in 4. The neurological outcome of the cases with complete recanalization was good with the exception of one patients who died. Partial recanalization resulted in a fair outcome in 2 patients, while the other 2 died. 3 out of the 4 patients in whom no recanalization was achieved died. Our findings show that this form of therapy may considerably improve the natural history of the disease, provided recanalization is achieved in good time. They encourage us to continue this form of therapy and to work at improving the therapeutic criteria.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Single-photon emission-computed tomography in the differential diagnosis of dementia].

To assess the value of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in the differential diagnosis of dementia SPECT and conventional computed tomography were performed in 77 patients (50 men, 27 women, mean age 59 [28-90] years) with dementia diagnosed by a battery of psychometric tests. In 13 out of 15 patients with dementia of Alzheimer type SPECT showed a typical Alzheimer pattern (bilateral parietotemporal perfusion defects). Both patients with dementia of Pick type had definite decreases in frontal perfusion. All 21 patients with dementia due to Huntington's chorea showed a typical pattern with absent perfusion of the head of the caudate nucleus, although in three of them conventional computed tomography didn't demonstrate complete atrophy of this structure. Out of 23 patients with multi-infarct dementia there were 17 with focal uptake deficits at various sites, while six displayed an Alzheimer pattern. In Korsakoff's syndrome (n = 11), Down's syndrome (n = 1), Fahr's syndrome (n = 2), senile chorea (n = 1) and HIV encephalopathy (n = 1) no typical distribution patterns were noted. Single photon emission computed tomography can make a contribution to the diagnosis and classification of primary degenerative dementias and can be used to differentiate them from other forms of dementia.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1989

Imaging benzodiazepine receptors in the human brain by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

Recently, [123I]Ro16-0154 has been introduced as a potential benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor imaging tracer for SPECT. We investigated the biodistribution of [123I]Ro16-0154 in humans and compared it with the animal data. There was a rapid and high 123I-uptake in the brain comparable to rCBF. In the following images, however, regionally different changes were observed, resulting in a subsequent intracerebral retention parallel to the known distribution of BZD receptors. The results suggest that [123I]Ro16-0154 is of potential clinical use as a BZD receptor imaging agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[3-dimensional scintigraphy of the brain: single photon emission computerized tomography].

Both IMP and HMPAO are lipophilic substances with high blood brain barrier permeability and sufficiently long constant retention in the brain parenchyma to enable SPECT to be carried out with a computer controlled Gamma camera. Both tracers are almost completely cleared from the blood during a single passage through the brain. Hence, the regional distribution of activity in the brain is proportional to the regional cerebral blood flow. Computerized acquisition and data processing result in 16 mm thick tomograms at a spatial resolution of 12 mm, which enable clinicians to detect and characterize the pathogenesis and the development of cerebral disorders in terms of altered function. At present, SPECT can be used in daily clinical routine (final SPECT images are available 30 min after the investigation) in cerebrovascular diseases and, because of the coupling of metabolism to cerebral blood flow, in disturbances of cerebral blood flow due to pathological changes of brain metabolism, i.e. in epilepsy and in degenerative disorders. The forthcoming application of physiologically highly specific tracers (e.g. receptor ligands) as a means of studying the distribution of receptors and drugs in the brain will further enlarge the eventual role of SPECT in clinical management.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1988

Diagnostic value of different electrophysiologic tests in cervical disk prolapse.

We evaluated 24 patients with radiologically verified cervical disk prolapse. EMG abnormalities appeared in 67% of cases studied; dermatomal somatosensory evoked potentials revealed 85% abnormal findings on the affected side, but also revealed abnormalities in adjacent segments. In 38%, F responses were abnormal. We found electrodiagnostic abnormalities at levels without a disk prolapse, probably due to degenerative spondylopathic changes and beginning consecutive vascular compromise.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Pathogenesis and therapy of nontraumatic compressive radial nerve paralyses--report of an unusual case].

A case of nontraumatic radial nerve palsy at the level of the canalis spiralis is reported. Aetiologically a variation of branching of this nerve combined with an inflammatory swelling is discussed. After the surgical treatment a satisfactory recovery of motor function was seen. The necessity for a careful and thorough examination is demonstrated to diagnose or localise such non-traumatic lesions.

Adult↗