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Biomedical subjects

E David

Publications and source records attributed to E David.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Relation of intelligence to ego functioning in an adult psychiatric population.

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) IQs and clinical ratings of 10 ego functions in a diagnostically heterogeneous sample of 60 adult psychiatric inpatients were correlated. With severity of pathology statistically controlled, higher intelligence was associated with more adequate ego functioning in several spheres: primary autonomous functions, thought processes, object relations, and mastery-competence. There were also some clinically meaningful differences between the Verbal and Performance IQs in the pattern of correlations. Extending Hartmann's original views, the authors employ an ethological framework to conceptualize intelligence in relation to the ego's role in adaptation, emphasizing that intelligence is an important-albeit neglected-aspect of ego functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Age-dependent changes in the level of a 34 kDa DNA-binding protein in developing chick embryo liver.

The relative amounts of a DNA-binding protein of 34 kDa increased during the early stages of development of chick embryo liver. The content of this protein reached a maximum in 18-19-day-old embryonic livers and decreased afterwards in older embryonic and post-natal chick livers. The 34 kDa polypeptide is the major DNA-binding protein (DBP) of embryonic liver and it preferentially binds to single-stranded DNA. The quantity of the 34 kDa DBP was relatively very low in embryonic muscle, heart and brain.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Maintenance, training and functional use of denervated muscles.

In the case of cerebral paralyses electrical stimulation can not only maintain the muscles, but may also enable their functional use. In flaccid paralyses, however, the conventional therapy using exponential currents produces rather unsatisfactory results. Only when applying bi-directional currents, were we successful in producing tetanic contractions. At present, some 20 children suffering from different diseases, such as spina bifida, Erb's palsy or a tumour of the cord, perform a daily domiciliary treatment with especially constructed home stimulators. Measurements prove distinct improvements of blood circulation, phosphoric metabolism and of the condition of the affected extremities. First investigations with computer-controlled, multi-channel devices show that by means of these devices the efficiency of training can be improved, the daily time for treatment can be shortened, and the disabled patient can perform the training almost autonomously. The existing experience on simple locomotion chains, and the achieved strengthening of the muscles will gradually enable a functional electrical stimulation of flaccid, denerved muscles and thus extend the radius of action for the disabled patient, for example by gripping, standing upright or walking.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed1983

Myogenic differentiation of L6 rat myoblasts: evidence for pleiotropic effects on myogenesis by RNA polymerase II mutations to alpha-amanitin resistance.

To assess the functional role of RNA polymerase II in the regulation of transcription during muscle differentiation, we isolated and characterized a large number of independent alpha-amanitin-resistant (AmaR) mutants of L6 rat myoblasts that express both wild-type and altered RNA polymerase II activities. We also examined their myogenic (Myo) phenotype by determining their ability to develop into mature myotubes, to express elevated levels of muscle creatine kinase, and to synthesize muscle-characteristic proteins as detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We found a two- to threefold increase in the frequency of clones with a myogenic-defective phenotype in the AmaR (RNA polymerase II) mutants as compared to control ethyl methane sulfonate-induced, 6-thioguanine-resistant (hypoxanthine, guanine phosphoribosyl transferase) mutants or to unselected survivors also exposed to ethyl methane sulfonate. Subsequent analysis showed that about half of these myogenic-defective AmaR mutants had a conditional Myo(ama) phenotype; when cultured in the presence of amanitin, they exhibited a Myo- phenotype; in its absence they exhibited a Myo+ phenotype. This conditional Myo(ama) phenotype is presumably caused by the inactivation by amanitin of the wild-type amanitin-sensitive RNA polymerase II activity and the subsequent rise in the level of mutant amanitin-resistant RNA polymerase II activity. In these Myo(ama) mutants, the wild-type RNA polymerase II is normally dominant with respect to the Myo+ phenotype, whereas the mutant RNA polymerase II is recessive and results in a Myo- phenotype only when the wild-type enzyme is inactivated. These findings suggest that certain mutations in the amaR structural gene for the amanitin-binding subunit of RNA polymerase II can selectively impair the transcription of genes specific for myogenic differentiation but not those specific for myoblast proliferation.

Amanitins↗
PubMed1982

Detection of neoplastic lymph node involvement in the retroperitoneal space. Diagnostic value of CT, echography and lymphography.

The diagnostic value of echography, computerized tomography and lymphography in the detection of infiltrating retroperitoneal lymph nodes was assessed in a prospective study. Ninety-six patients suffering from Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, seminomatous and and non-seminomatous tumours of the testis were examined with all three methods. Sixty-two (30 non-seminomas, 32 Hodgkin's diseases) had an exploratory laparotomy at least one week after the diagnostic examinations. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed on the basis of the pathohistological findings. The sensitivity was 92% for CT, 79% for echography and 83% for lymphography. The specificity was 89% for CT, 95% for echography and 84% for lymphography. The presented findings suggest that a re-evaluation of the diagnostic strategy in assessment of lesions involving retroperitoneal lymph node is required.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Chronic threshold of stimulating electrodes: comparison of activated vitreous carbon with conventional platinum-iridium electrodes in animal tests.

Electrodes made of vitreous carbon are inert, corrosion-resistant, inactive to electrocatalytic reactions and are especially biocompatible. Upon activation, they attain a capacitance of 20 to 40 mF and become "non-polarizable". Therefore, they should be particularly suitable as stimulating and sensing electrodes for cardiac pacemakers. The connective tissue layer that develops around the electrode because of the foreign-body reaction is less than 100 micron thick. The threshold rise, through lower than that of conventional Pt-Ir or ELGILOY electrodes, cannot be attributed exclusively to the connective tissue layer that is formed. Under favourable conditions, the threshold in animal experiments remains below 525 mV. Blood-spaces adjoining the electrodes are found at higher chronic threshold values.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Threshold measurements using stimulating electrodes of different materials in the skeletal muscles of cats.

In the skeletal muscle of cats, semispherical stimulating electrodes having a radius of 1.2 mm deliver a mean threshold current of 0.15 mA, corresponding to 1.7 mA/cm2. These values are doubled within a period of four weeks after chronic implantation. In the case of non-polarizable electrodes the mean threshold voltage increases from 108 mV to 171 mV. The lowest individual values range between 50 mV and 60 mV at the time of implantation. The highest value is around 500 mV after four weeks. The high values have been observed with strongly polarizing ELGILOY electrodes. The chronic threshold energies vary between 3 x 10(-8) Ws for activated vitreous carbon electrodes and 17.5 x 10(-8) Ws for ELGILOY electrodes. There are two reasons for the low threshold energy of activated vitreous carbon electrodes. One reason is their low polarization, and the other is their better compatibility. Connective tissue layers with a thickness between 25 micron and 50 micron are found around well healed carbon electrodes.

Alloys↗
PubMed1978

[Recurrent familial thromboembolic disease due to congenital deficiency in anti-thrombin III. Preliminary study of 3 cases (author's transl)].

The three cases reported, two mesenteric venous infarctions and one asymptomatic carrier, prove the responsibility of the anti-thrombin III deficiency in the development of apparently primary entero-mesenteric venous infarctions. Thus such a deficiency should be sought routibs. Furthermore, these 3 cases confirm the usual characteristics of the 10 familial cases collected since the princeps description of Egeberg: recurrent thromboembolic disease in the young subject involving essentially the lower limbs, relative resistance to heparin, family history of thromboembolic disease confirming the hereditary nature of the disease with dominant transmission, laboratory confirmation of the quantitative deficiency in antithrombin III, the levels and activity of which are reduced by half, and decrease in laboratory sensitivity to heparin contrasting with normal clotting studies. The family history reveals associated conditions within the syndrome: asthma and Biermer's anemia as well as similarities in leucocyte HLA groups.

Antithrombin III Deficiency↗
PubMed1978

Clustering of mitoses in human cervical carcinoma.

Mitotic nests have been noted both in tissue culture (Cone, 1968) and in human skin (Rowe and Dixon, 1975). The present paper is concerned with the disposition of mitoses in human tumor tissue. Mitotic indices, cell counts, and mitotic clusters were recorded in 20 carcinomas of the cervix uteri. The significance of the results was verified statistically. In 18 of 20 biopsies, the clustering of mitoses was in excess of chance at the 95% confidence level. Assuming a chance distribution, one would expect only one case (5% of 20 cases) to show significant clustering of mitoses. The incidence of cases which show mitotic clustering is higher in cervical carcinoma than in normal skin and uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients. The clustering phenomenon might be due to an initiating factor derived from a mitotic cell which propagates to other cells and activates them, or to a local deficiency in inhibitor factors which reversibly inhibit mitoses under normal conditions.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1976

Reconstruction of the canine Achilles and patellar tendons using dacron mesh silicone prosthesis. I. Clinical and biocompatibility evaluation.

Surgical replacement of the Achilles and patellar tendons using Dacron mesh silicone prostheses was performed in 15 mature beagle dogs. This part of the study includes clinical evaluation, gross inspection at autopsy of regrown tendons, and histological determination of biocompatibility of prosthetic implants. Functional continuity and integrity of prosthetic patellar tendons have been established by evaluating the biologic-prosthetic interface and the mechanical properties of regrown tendon tissue around and through the Dacron silicone replacements. Results of prosthetic Achilles tendons were less satisfactory because of difficulties in suturing to a muscle and its fascia. Although the prosthetic tendon did not regrow through the tube, it provided a structure for regrowth around it. The regrown tendons became nearly ten times the normal cross-sectional area after three to four months and decreased to two to three times after 13 months. Histological studies indicate that in the absence of infection, the Dacron mesh silicone tendon was well tolerated for periods up to 13 months. Overall results are encouraging and warrant further investigation although the regenerative capacity of human patellar and Achilles tendons is unknown.

Achilles Tendon↗