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E David

Publications and source records attributed to E David.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Hepatitis type C after orthotopic liver transplantation: reinfection and disease recurrence.

We determined the prevalence of hepatitis C virus markers and the clinical course in patients transplanted for terminal type C or non-A, non-B cirrhosis. Hepatitis C virus infection recurred in 16 of 17 patients (94%) with type C cirrhosis (seropositive for hepatitis C virus prior to surgery) and in 10 of 11 patients (91%) with non-A, non-B cirrhosis whose hepatitis C virus status prior to surgery had not been determined. Markers of hepatitis C virus were detected in 4 of 16 liver transplants whose donors tested negative for hepatitis C virus prior to surgery; this figure represents the risk of hepatitis C virus acquisition from external sources at or after transplantation. In 18 of 26 reinfected patients aminotransferases increased after grafting and remained elevated throughout the 14 to 79 (mean 46.5) months of follow up. The histological findings varied from mild or moderate hepatitis in 15 patients to severe active hepatitis in two patients. Two patients developed cirrhosis; one of them died of intercurrent infection while she was receiving immunosuppressive therapy for chronic rejection. Patients transplanted for hepatitis C virus or non-A, non-B liver disease are at high risk of hepatitis C virus reinfection. However the course of recurrent hepatitis C is most often mild and compatible with a normal life and an excellent survival rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Recurrence of hepatitis D (delta) in liver transplants: histopathological aspects.

BACKGROUND: The viral/pathological correlates of recurrent hepatitis delta virus (HDV) disease in orthotoptic liver transplants are reported. METHODS: We examined the histological features of recurrent HDV disease in nine patients with transplants for terminal HDV cirrhosis were examined; intrahepatic HDV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens were detected by immunoperoxidase techniques. Sera were tested for the battery of HDV and HBV markers. RESULTS: In four patients, HDV reinfection was accompanied by the recurrence of an HBV infection with features of active viral replication. In the other five, HDV reinfection was accompanied by an atypical recurrence of HBV infection without evidence of active HBV replication (no expression of intrahepatic hepatitis B core antigen). In four of the latter patients, the atypical HBV pattern changed during the follow-up into a pattern of active viral replication accompanied by chronic necroinflammation detected during histology. CONCLUSION: The pattern of recurrent HBV infection can influence the pathological aspects of the relapses of HDV disease in liver grafts.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

RFX1 is identical to enhancer factor C and functions as a transactivator of the hepatitis B virus enhancer.

Hepatitis B virus gene expression is to a large extent under the control of enhancer I (EnhI). The activity of EnhI is strictly dependent on the enhancer factor C (EF-C) site, an inverted repeat that is bound by a ubiquitous nuclear protein known as EF-C. Here we report the unexpected finding that EF-C is in fact identical to RFX1, a novel transcription factor previously cloned by virtue of its affinity for the HLA class II X-box promoter element. This finding has allowed us to provide direct evidence that RFX1 (EF-C) is crucial for EnhI function in HepG2 hepatoma cells; RFX1-specific antisense oligonucleotides appear to inhibit EnhI-driven expression of the hepatitis B virus major surface antigen gene, and in transfection assays, RFX1 behaves as a potent transactivator of EnhI. Interestingly, transactivation of EnhI by RFX1 (EF-C) is not observed in cell lines that are not of liver origin, suggesting that the ubiquitous RFX1 protein cooperates with liver-specific factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Is high AgNOR quantity in hepatocytes associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic liver disease?

AIMS: To evaluate whether high numbers of silver staining nucleolar organiser regions (AgNORs) in hepatocytes are associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic liver disease. METHODS: The quantitative distribution of AgNORs was studied in the liver biopsy specimens of 33 patients with chronic liver disease, 11 of whom developed hepatocellular carcinoma. The interval between liver biopsy and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was 26 months (range one to 61 months); the mean follow up of patients without hepatocellular carcinoma was 45 months (range 24-59 months). Quantitative evaluation of AgNORs was carried out on silver stained routine sections by morphometric analysis, using a computer assisted image analysis system. RESULTS: High interphase AgNOR values (> 3 microns2) were found in hepatocytes of nine out of the 11 (82%) patients in whom neoplastic transformation occurred. Of the remaining 22 patients, only seven (31%) had AgNOR values higher than > 3 microns2 (chi 2 4.83; p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that high numbers of interphase AgNORs are associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Plasma beta chorionic gonadotropin between 14 and 20 weeks of amenorrhea: a sign of pregnancy-related hypertension].

A defect of placenta maturation has been described in hypertension of pregnancy. Plasma beta chorionic gonadotropins (beta HCG) of placental origin rise at the onset of pregnancy and reach a peak between 9 and 10 weeks of amenorrhoea. As we were making systematic assays between 14 and 20 weeks in a trisomy detection programme, we looked for differences in plasma beta HCG levels between women with pregnancy-induced arterial hypertension and pregnant women with normal blood pressure. We also studied the predictive value of such assays. Pregnancy-induced hypertension was found in 6 women in a population of 89 nulliparas and in 12 women in a population of 163 multiparas. beta HCG levels were significantly higher in women who later developed hypertension among both nulliparas (52,833 +/- 19,538 IU vs 24,499 +/- 16,485 IU) and multiparas (50,558 +/- 23,597 IU vs 20,911 +/- 11,677 IU). In nulliparas, taking 43,000 IU as threshold of pathology we found that the predictive value of beta HCG was higher than that of other tests which had gone through controlled studies (sensitivity 67 percent, specificity 91.6 percent, positive predictive value 36 percent, negative predictive value 97.4 percent, relative risk 5.4). In multiparas, taking 38,000 as threshold and combining this marker with obstetrical history it was possible to predict the occurrence of hypertension more precisely than with other markers which had gone through controlled studies (sensitivity 66.7 percent, specificity 98 percent, positive predictive value 61.4 percent, negative predictive value 97.3 percent, relative risk 8.4).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The dynamic condylar screw (DCS) in proximal femoral fractures. Initial experiences].

Beginning January 1st 1987 19 fractures of the proximal femur were stabilized utilizing the "dynamic condylar screw" (DCS). During or after reduction of the fracture the DCS is accomplished by a supporting plate. In the cases we applied the DCS hitherto employment of a bone distractor of complementary cancellous bone graft has been mandatory. Although we feel encouraged by our preliminary results the DCS will have to undergo arduous clinical trial.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Histologic changes in liver biopsy specimens produced by recombinant interferon alpha-2b therapy for chronic non-A,non-B viral hepatitis. A randomized controlled trial.

The effects of interferon therapy on liver histologic findings were assessed in a randomized controlled trial consisting of 80 patients with chronic non-A,non-B hepatitis. Twenty-eight patients received 1 million units of recombinant interferon alpha-2b; 25 patients received 3 million units, subcutaneously, three times a week for 24 weeks; and 21 patients were observed as untreated controls; all of them underwent liver biopsy within 6 months from the beginning of the study and on the last day of therapy. Six patients were withdrawn from the study because of inadequate liver biopsy specimens. Alanine aminotransferase levels were determined before, during, and after therapy. For each biopsy, a semiquantitative score of histologic features, the histologic activity index, and the overall histologic assessment were performed. Ninety-five percent of patients tested positive for hepatitis C virus antibody. Portal inflammation, piecemeal and spotty necrosis, and bile duct proliferation were significantly decreased in patients with normalized alanine aminotransferase. The effectiveness of therapy was dose dependent: piecemeal and spotty necrosis and the histologic activity index showed a significant decrease only in 3-million-unit-treated patients. Hepatocellular degeneration and fibrosis did not change significantly after treatment.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1992

p53 is covalently linked to 5.8S rRNA.

We report here the isolation and identification of the RNA specifically immunoprecipitated and covalently linked to the tumor suppressor gene product p53. After treatment with proteinase K, the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) band of p53 yields a single, discrete 157-nucleotide RNA, which was cloned, sequenced, and identified as 5.8S rRNA. 5.8S rRNA was obtained only after proteolysis of the p53 SDS-PAGE band. Free 5.8S rRNA did not comigrate with p53 in SDS-PAGE. This RNA was only immunoprecipitated from cells containing p53. Protein-free RNA obtained by proteolysis of the p53 band hybridized to the single-stranded DNA vector containing the antisense sequence of 5.8S rRNA. The covalence of the p53-5.8S rRNA linkage was demonstrated by the following findings: (i) p53 and the linked 5.8S rRNA comigrated in SDS-PAGE; (ii) only after treatment of the p53-RNA complex with proteinase K did the 5.8S rRNA migrate differently from p53-linked 5.8S rRNA; and (iii) this isolated RNA was found linked to phosphoserine, presumably at the 5' end. Covalent linkage to the single, specific RNA suggests that p53 may be involved in regulating the expression or function of 5.8S rRNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Psychological aspects of perception of magnetophosphenes and electrophosphenes].

Scientific research at the Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering at Aachen University indicates that ELF (extremely-low frequency) electric and magnetic fields may generate visual perceptions in the human retina which are similar to the pressure phosphenes. During our own experiments we found that 90% of subjects undergoing a blind experiment reported various visual sensations which were mostly colored and moving. Our findings indicate that the psychological component of the perception of electric and magnetic phosphenes must not be underestimated. It is possible that there is a connection between retinal noise in the dark (due to metabolic processes [5, 8]) and magnetic or electric phosphenes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Routine initial computed tomography of the chest in blunt torso trauma.

Computer tomography (CT) is an effective technique in the initial evaluation of the abdomen and head following blunt trauma. To evaluate the role of CT of the thorax, a prospective study comparing routine early thoracic CT scanning with initial chest roentgenogram (CXR) was carried out on 73 patients with blunt torso trauma undergoing concomitant abdominal CT examination. Initial CXR and CT scans were interpreted independently by radiologists in a blinded fashion. CXR diagnosed more bony injuries than CT, while the CT identified pulmonary contusions and effusions more accurately. Only those contusions diagnosed by CXR proved clinically significant. Patient treatment was changed in one case based on CT findings. In the absence of CXR findings, chest CT scanning frequently identifies abnormalities with limited clinical significance. Although more sensitive, CT of the thorax has a limited role in the initial emergent evaluation of victims of blunt torso trauma.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1991

[With tact].

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Humans↗