Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Dale.
In this review the physiologic responses to exercise during pregnancy and the outcome of pregnancies from studies of animal models and human subjects are presented. Based on the clinical concerns about exercise participation during pregnancy and the studies presented herein, certain recommendations for an exercise program for the pregnant woman are given.
The purpose of this study was to examine the combined effects of oral contraceptive (OC) use and strenuous exercise on the lipid profiles of a group of 11 women runners. The five runners who used OCs had lipid profiles within normal ranges. When compared with a group of six runners who were not using OCs, matched for body fat and cholesterol intake, no significant differences in lipid profiles were seen. Women who choose to use OCs may offset previously documented alterations in lipid levels through a regular physical exercise program.
A study of the nutritional intake of 75 healthy females 16-43 years of age was conducted. The purpose of the study was to attempt to determine relationships between diet, body fat, exercise, menstrual patterns and specific lipoproteins. Serum multiple analyses, skinfold measurements and menstrual histories were generated on all subjects. A four day self-recorded diet diary was completed by all subjects. Nutrient intake was computer analyzed and evaluated using one-way analysis of covariance and regression coefficients. Analysis of the data revealed a statistically significant relationship between exercise and serum high density lipoprotein (P less than 0.05). Findings indicated no strong evidence that any of the specific dietary variables studied or percent body fat influences high density lipoprotein. The relationships between diet, body fat and exercise associated menstrual cycle alteration in the same subjects showed no significant relationships and requires further study.
Two studies concerning the effects of running during pregnancy were conducted. In the first study observations involved both retrospective and longitudinal obstetric and neonatal evaluation of 33 runners and 11 non-runner control subjects. The results indicated no significant differences between the two groups with regard to maternal weight gain and neonatal delivery weight. There were less quantitative complications of labor and delivery for the runners, but qualitatively there may be a trend toward failure to progress and resultant cesarean section. The second study involved simultaneous electronic monitoring of maternal and fetal heart rate patterns during exercise. In the three technically distinct tracings obtained there was a transient fetal bradycardia during a treadmill testing experience. It was also observed that the fetal heart rate returned to normal during the period of exercise suggesting that the observed deceleration pattern is reversible. Etiology of the bradycardia remains enigmatic.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The problem of menstrual dysfunction in women who engage in endurance training for participation in distance running events has been studied. Through survey, selected aspects of the personal, training, menstrual, and contraceptive histories of 168 women who were defined as runners, joggers, or controls were evaluated. In addition, defined subsets of the study subjects were evaluated for serum levels of pituitary and ovarian hormones and determination of percentage body fat. The data show significant differences among the 3 groups. It is concluded that menstrual dysfunction in distance runners is a real phenomenon. Presumably this is related to decreased percentage of body fat and/or minimal ovarian function secondary to diminished hypothalamic or pituitary hormone secretion.
A direct radioimmunoassay which does not require hydrolysis or chromatography has been developed for estriol-16alpha-glucosiduronate in pregnancy plasma and urine. The antigen used in the development of this antiserum was prepared by joining the carboxylic acid group of estriol-16alpha-glucosiduronate covalently to the epsilon-amino group of the lysine residues in bovine serum albumin. Results indicate that the direct radioimmunoassay yields levels of estriol-16alpha-glucosiduronate in late pregnancy urine that are comparable to those obtained by mroe elaborate procedures involving chromatographic separation of the estriol conjugates, followed by enzymic hydrolysis and measurement of the freed estriol. In addition, good correlation was found between the total estrogen values in urine obtained by currently used chemical procedures and urinary levels of estriol-16alpha-glucosiduronate. The renal clearance of estriol-16alpha-glucosiduronate was determined in eight normal women during the third trimester, and the mean value +/- S.D. was 404 +/- 81 ml. per minute (range, 248 to 494). This method is suitable for the evaluation of variations in the plasma and urine levels of estriol-16alpha-glucosiduronate in pregnancy and offers significant advantages over the presently used chemical methods for monitoring fetal well-being.
The index of predictability of estimated gestational age (EGA) and birth weight (BW) from biparietal diameter (BPD) was tested in 1333 normal pregnancies; 96% of the patients were black. The correlation BPD and actual weeks to delivery was 0.834, r2 =69.5%. Confidence limits were established and a nomogram for EGA was derived. Our nomogram and two similar ones were compared. The overall correlation between them was good, but that for specific BPD and EGA was not. In addition, our BPD values were smaller for corresponding gestational ages in other nomograms. The overall accuracy of estimated delivery date was +/- 1.6 weeks. We were not able to predict birth weight at all from a single, random BPD measurement. We have demonstrated the serious limitations that exist in the prediction of gestational age from previously established nomograms. We infer that this error is even greater when homogenous populations are so studied. We suggest that any published BPD-EGA or BPD-BW nomogram be given close, intensive statistical scrutiny, within the population studied, before it is used. When such scrutiny is not possible, serial sonographic determinations, or longitudinal use of growth charts, would be more acceptable.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The information obtained in a prospective study of plasma concentrations of connective tissue components during the third trimester of pregnancy, 4 days, and again at 6 weeks postpartum, suggests that the increased concentrations of plasma protein-hydroxyproline (hypro-protein), free proline, and GAG are associated with increased rate of hydrolysis of extraskeletal connective tissue components.
During a 13 year period ending in July, 1974, 42 obstetric patients with a diagnosis of invasive carcinoma of the cervix were seen. Nine patients were treated with primary radiation therapy; 33 patients were treated with primary surgery. Total hysterectomy with partial vaginectomy was performed in seven patients with Stage I-A, and extensive abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in 26 patients (14 with Stage I-A, nine with Stage I-B, and three with Stage II-A). Thirty-eight patients are alive and well from three months to 13 years following treatment. Extensive abdominal hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy can be done in selected obstetric patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix with an acceptable morbidity and cure rate. Normal ovaries left in place will continue to function normally. Seven patients with a conization diagnosis of Stage I-A had a planned delay in definitive treatment until delivery at term.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.