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Biomedical subjects

E Cullinane

Publications and source records attributed to E Cullinane.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effects of exercise and lovastatin on serum creatine kinase activity.

Vigorous physical activity and lovastatin (Mevacor) a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, have both been independently associated with elevated creatine kinase (CK) levels. To determine the effect of lovastatin plus exercise on serum CK activity, we measured CK levels before and after maximal treadmill exercise in 14 men (51.6 +/- 17.3 years, mean +/- SD) and 6 women (48.5 +/- 7.4 years) before and after 4 weeks of lovastatin treatment (20 mg/d). Blood samples were obtained before, immediately after, and 24 hours after exercise. Individual subjects were exercised for the same duration on each test. Preexercise CK levels and the average CK response to treadmill exercise did not differ before and after lovastatin treatment. In two men taking lovastatin, however, CK levels increased by 183% and 242% 24 hours after exercise during lovastatin administration. We conclude that low-dose lovastatin treatment plus exercise does not affect average CK activity but that this combination may markedly increase CK levels in certain individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Lipoprotein changes when a reported diet is tested in distance runners.

Diet records previously recorded by distance runners indicated that runners consumed considerably more calories, largely as carbohydrates, than did inactive controls. We examined the effect of this reported diet on the serum lipids and lipoproteins of active men. Ten male runners ran 16 km daily and were provided defined diets containing 3587 +/- 233 kcal/day (mean +/- SD) and composed of 53% (486 +/- 31 g/day) carbohydrates, 15% (134 +/- 8 g/day) protein, and 32% (131 +/- 9 g/day) fat for 21 days. Serum samples were obtained before and during the diet period. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol fell 5 +/- 12 mg/dl before (p = NS) and 15 +/- 13 mg/dl (p less than 0.01) during the diet. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol did not change during the week before, but decreased 6 +/- 2 mg/dl (p less than 0.001) while subjects consumed the defined diet. This decrease was due to a 7 +/- 6 mg/dl (p less than 0.01) fall in HDL2 cholesterol (1.063 less than rho less than 1.125 g/ml). Alterations in HDL cholesterol were accompanied by reductions in apo A-1, the major HDL apoprotein. After 14 days on the defined diet no additional changes in serum lipids occurred. Lipoprotein changes of this magnitude were unexpected and suggest that the diet diaries used to design the defined diet were unreliable or that factors not accounted for in diet records had significant effects in these subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Exercise, diet, or physical characteristics as determinants of HDL-levels in endurance athletes.

Serum lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, physical characteristics, and 10-day dietary records of 20 male distance runners (aged 20-42 years) were compared with those of 14 sedentary controls (aged 23-34 years). Runners had significantly greater levels (mean +/- SD) of high density lipoproteins (HDL) whether estimated as HDL-cholesterol (66 +/- 12 vs 46 +/- 10 mg/dl) or as the major HDL apolipoproteins, apoA-I (170 +/- 36 vs 124 +/- 27 mg/dl) or apoA-II (39 +/- 5 vs 34 +/- 4 mg/dl). Runners were leaner with considerably less body fat (8.3 +/- 1.7 vs 16.2 +/- 3.9%) than the sedentary men despite consuming 20% more calories. Moreover, the additional calories consumed were largely carbohydrate. This comparison illustrates that high absolute quantities of dietary carbohydrate do not depress HDL levels in lean individuals engaged in exercise training. Furthermore, the results suggest that dietary factors may be as important as exercise itself in producing the lipoprotein pattern characteristic of endurance athletes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Acute decrease in serum triglycerides with exercise: is there a threshold for an exercise effect?

Acute reductions in triglycerides and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations have been demonstrated in endurance athletes after prolonged exercise. To determine if similar changes occur in untrained subjects and to determine the duration of exercise necessary for such changes, we measured serum lipids and lipoproteins in 10 sedentary men after 1 hour of exercise at their anaerobic threshold. Findings in sedentary men were compared with those of 9 competitive cyclists after 1 and 2 hr of exercise. LDL cholesterol increased in the cyclists immediately after 1 and 2 hours of exercise. Total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol also increased in the cyclists immediately after the 2 hr session. These increases were transient and not significant when corrected for changes in plasma volume. Serum triglycerides were unchanged for 4 hr after exercise. By 24 hr, however, triglycerides had decreased in both the trained (17%) and untrained men (22%) after the 1 hr session and in the trained men (33% p less than 0.01) after the 2 hr session. These results demonstrate a delayed decrease in triglyceride concentration that is related to the duration of exercise and probably has no distinct threshold. The lower level of triglycerides in endurance athletes and in sedentary subjects after exercise training is due at least in part to an acute exercise effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Acute effects of a single exercise session on serum lipids in untrained men.

Acute reductions in triglycerides and calculated low density lipoprotein cholesterol with little change in high density lipoprotein cholesterol have been reported in trained men after a single exercise session. To examine if a similar acute exercise effect occurs in sedentary subjects, wer measured triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in eight sedentary men before and for 66 hours after a single 30-minute exercise session. The exercise was designed to simulate a typical exercise training session for untrained subjects. An isolated reduction in estimated low density lipoprotein cholesterol was observed 66 hours after the exercise. All other serum lipid measurements at 5 minutes and 1, 4, 18, 42, and 66 hours after exercise did not differ from pre-race concentrations. Consequently, the reductions in triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol reported in previously sedentary subjects after exercise training are a chronic rather than an acute exercise effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of the results and reproducibility of arm and leg exercise tests in men with angina pectoris.

The results and reproducibility of arm and leg exercise tests were compared in 11 men with angina pectoris induced by both forms of testing. Leg testing was performed using a bicycle ergometer; arm testing was performed using the same apparatus modified to permit arm cranking. Subjects performed 2 days of arm and 2 days of leg testing over a 2 week period. Four tests were performed on each test day. The duration of exercise, oxygen uptake, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and the rate-pressure product were determined at the onset of angina. Within day and between product were determined at the onset of angina. Within day and between day coefficients of variation were low and similar for arm and leg tests, indicating that both forms of testing are highly reproducible. Performing four tests on a single day did little to reduce variability. Oxygen uptake increased between the first and second arm or leg test on a single day, but there was little change after the second test. Repetition of the arm and leg tests did not affect performance over the study period. It is concluded that the reproducibility of arm exercise testing in men with angina pectoris is comparable with that of leg exercise. Subjects with angina induced by arm exercise who cannot perform leg testing can be evaluated and followed up with arm exercise tests.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1981

Effect of exercise training on the untrained limb exercise performance of men with angina pectoris.

This study examined the exercise capacity of trained and untrained limbs in men with angina pectoris before and after 8 weeks of arm ( n = 4) or leg (n = 7) physical training or a control (n = 4) period. Time to angina (mean +/- standard deviation) increased 3.6 +/- 2.7 minutes (p less than 0.01) during trained limb and 1.6 +/- 1.2 minutes (p less than 0.01) during untrained limb exercise. Myocardial oxygen demand at angina estimated by the product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure did not change with training. At a constant subanginal work load, rate-pressure product x 10(-2) was reduced by 35 +/- 22 (p less than 0.001) during trained limb and by 18 +/- 27 (p less than 0.05) during untrained limb exercise. The decrease in rate-pressure product with both trained and untrained limbs was greatest in subjects with the highest rate-pressure product at angina before training. Control subjects showed no change in any exercise measurement. Exercise training increases the exercise capacity of untrained limbs in patients with angina pectoris by a generalized training effect not dependent on adaptations in trained skeletal muscle. The improvement for both trained and untrained limbs results from a reduced rate-pressure product at subanginal work loads rather than from an increase in myocardial oxygen delivery. Subjects with the highest pretraining coronary arterial oxygen supply at the onset of angina benefit most from physical training.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1980

Acute effects of prolonged exercise on serum lipids.

The acute effects of a single prolonged exercise session on the serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), glycerol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and the major HDL protein, apolipoprotein A-I(apoA-I), were examined in 12 trained male runners participating in a 42-km footrace. Serum TG levels were unchanged up to 4 h after the race, but at 18, 42, and 66 hr mean reductions of 65%, 39%, and 32% were observed. Free glycerol concentrations were increased fivefold immediately after the race, but did not differ from prerace levels by 4 hr. Total cholesterol concentration did not change immediately after exercise, but unexpected significant reductions of 6%-10% were found at 4-66 hr. Only small and transient increases in HDL cholesterol and apoA-I levels were noted after exercise. These results suggest that prolonged exercise acutely lowers TG and total cholesterol, but has little effect on HDL mass.

Adult↗