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Biomedical subjects

E Corazziari

Publications and source records attributed to E Corazziari.

85 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Effect of ninety-five percent pure cholecystokinin on gastrin-stimulated acid secretion in man and dog.

In 5 human subjects, 95% pure cholecystokinin (CCK) given as a background infusion in doses of 42, 84, or 168 pmol kg-1 h-1 did not significantly alter acid secretion in response to graded doses (11-300 pmol kg-1 h-1) of synthetic human gastrin-17-I. The 168 pmol kg-1 h-1 dose of CCK produced maximal pancreatic amylase output. In 3 subjects, 337 pmol kg-1 h-1 of CCK slightly stimulated acid secretion when given alone and tended to reduce acid secretion in response to gastrin, but each of the subjects experienced cramping abdominal pain. The increment in acid secretion produced by CCK alone was similar to that produced by maximally effective doses of carboxyl-terminal octapeptide of CCK. In dogs with gastric and pancreatic fistulas, 168 pmol kg-1 h-1 of CCK produced maximal pancreatic protein output and slightly stimulated gastric acid secretion. In dogs with gastric fistulas and Heidenhain pouches, the lowest dose of CCK that inhibited gastrin-stimulated acid secretion was 674 pmol kg-1 h-1. We conclude that in man and dog 95% pure CCK weakly stimulates gastric acid secretion and inhibits gastrin-stimulated acid secretion but these actions occur only with doses of CCK that are maximal or supramaximal for pancreatic enzyme secretion. Because of the high dose requirement, these effects are unlikely to be physiologically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Lower oesophageal sphincter response to intravenous infusions of pentagastrin in normal subjects, antrectomised and achalasic patients.

Lower oesophageal sphincter response to infusion of graded doses (0.003--0.050 microgram kg-1min-1) of pentagastrin was evaluated in four antrectomised patients as well as in six healthy subjects and seven achalasic patients in whom inhibition of antral gastrin release was maintained by continuous acidification (HC1 0.1 N) and aspiration of gastric antrum. In normal subjects and in antrectomised patients doses of pentagastrin required for half-maximal gastric acid secretion (0.012 microgram kg-1min-1) produced statistically significant increases of LES pressure. In achalasic patients, the infusion of pentagastrin did not affect LES pressure. These data seem to indicate that gastrin plays, at least in some degree, a physiological role in the regulation of LES tone. Insensitivity of LES to pentagastrin in achalasia suggests that the raised sphincter pressure in this disorder can not be attributed to gastrin.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1978

Intraluminal pH esophageal motility.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of intraluminal pH on motor activity of the lower esophageal body. Liquid boluses of different pH values (7 to 2) were infused in the esophagus of 14 normal subjects during manometric recording of motor activity. Each test infusion elicited an esophageal motor response, either secondary peristalsis or simultaneous contractions. Secondary peristalsis was elicited by similar volumes of perfusates at pH 7, 6, 5, but significantly less volumes were needed with perfusates pH 4, 3, and 2. Simultaneous motor activity was not affected by intraesophageal pH value in the range investigated.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Functional evaluation of colon transplants used in esophageal reconstruction.

Studies were performed on the mechanical activity of iso- and antiperistaltic colon segments used to replace the esophagus. Transplants were challenged with a semiliquid bolus and/or a 0.1 N HCl solution, considered as common stimuli for an in situ esophagus, and the mechanical activity was investigated by means of synchronized manometric and cinefluorographic recordings. Basal activity of the interposed colon was limited to occasional monophasic waves of the segmenting type; the acid solution and the semiliquid bolus constantly elicited a peristaltic motor response transporting the contents to the gastric fundus or, in antiperistaltic colon, from the distal to the proximal part.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation].

Constipation is a symptom caused by several different pathogenetic mechanisms; it may be secondary to other diseases or be in itself a disease. All patients should perform investigations deemed to exclude or identify known causes of constipation and, in the presence of megarectum, anorectal manometry to detect ultrashort Hirschsprung's disease. In idiopathic constipation, diagnostic work up should attempt to identify alterations of defecation, with defecography, and of colonic propulsion, with gastrointestinal transit time measurement. Evaluation of large bowel segmental transit time, using radiopaque corpuscolate markers, may discriminate patients according to different modalities of transit. Based on a correct diagnostic evaluation the therapeutical approach can be finalized to well defined subgroups of patients. The treatment comprises several types of therapy which may be used alone or in association in the individual patient: bowel training, high residue diets, physiotherapy, bio-feedback, pharmacological therapy, psychiatric therapy, surgery.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perendoscopic manometry of the distal ileum and ileocecal junction: technique, normal patterns, and comparison with transileostomy manometry.

The technique of perendoscopic manometry was used to study the motor patterns of the ileocecal junction and distal ileum. An expert endoscopist cannulated the distal ileum of 20 unsedated subjects in 260 +/- 252 (mean +/- SD) seconds, causing no discomfort beyond that of an ordinary colonoscopic examination. No sphincter-like motor activity was detected at the ileocecal junction, and four distinct motility patterns were identified in the distal ileum: (1) tone variations, (2) slow phasic contractions, (3) regular rapid phasic contractions, and (4) prolonged rapid phasic contractions. Previous appendectomy and insertion of the colonoscope into the distal ileum to position the manometric catheter did not affect the manometric recordings. Perendoscopic manometry of the distal ileum was compared with transileostomy manometry in 9 subjects. Perendoscopic and transileostomy manometric recordings showed the same motor patterns except for a longer occurrence of tone variations with perendoscopic manometry. In conclusion, this study shows that perendoscopic manometry of the distal ileum and ileocecal junction is feasible; recorded motor patterns are not affected.

Adolescent↗