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Biomedical subjects

E Concia

Publications and source records attributed to E Concia.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

In vitro antibacterial activity of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime, alone or in combination, against gram-positive cocci.

The in vitro activity of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime against Staphylococcus aureus, Staph. epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes was investigated. Synergy studies were performed using time-kill curves and the chequerboard test. The time-kill curves were performed on five strains each of Staph. aureus, Staph. epidermidis and Strep. pyogenes; cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime were tested alone or in combination at MIC and sub-MIC values. The chequerboard test was performed in microtitre plates on ten strains each of Staph. aureus, Staph. epidermidis and Strep. pyogenes: the results were interpreted by the fractional inhibitory concentration index. In some cases both methods showed synergistic interaction against the staphylococci tested. Indifference was observed against Strep. pyogenes.

Cefotaxime↗
PubMed1990

[A clinical study on the use of norfloxacin in the therapy of urethritis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis].

Norfloxacin (NOR) was given to 37 patients affected by urethritis due to Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), as demonstrated by clinical findings and fluorescent monoclonal antibody in urethral swab. The patients were divided into two groups according to a randomization list, and given either: NOR 400 mg t.i.d. or NOR 800 mg b.i.d. for 10 days. The 2 groups were comparable in terms of age, clinical presentation and duration of symptoms. Six out of 18 patients treated by regimen 2 had persistence of CT at the end of treatment (2 cases were clinically improved), while 4 out of 19 patients in group 1 dit not respond to the treatment. Overall 12 patients in group 2 (66.6%) and 15 patients in group 1 (79%) were asymptomatic and negative for fluorescent antibody at the end of the treatment. Both regimens were well tolerated. Our data show that NOR given at dosage higher than those usually recommended (e.g. 400 mg b.i.d.), may be of value for the treatment of urethritis due to Chlamydia trachomatis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Lactitol and neomycin: monotherapy or combined therapy in the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy?].

The beneficial effect of disaccharides, lactulose and lactitol, in prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy is well established but their use in combination with neomycin is still controversial. We studied in vitro the fecal bacterial growth, acid and gas formation in presence of lactitol (beta-galactoside-sorbitol) and neomycin alone or in combination. The results indicate that neomycin only inhibits the growth of susceptible bacteria (E. coli, Staph. aureus) which, conversely, are poor lactitol fermenters. The resistant organisms (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Clostridium perfringens) that are efficient disaccharide fermenters continue to metabolize lactitol still when antibiotic is added. Addition of lactitol 10% increased the inhibitory effect of neomycin on bacterial growth by 25-50% within 60-70 min. These preliminary data suggest that lactitol and neomycin may have additional or synergistic effects in vivo when used together in presence of favourable intestinal microbial environment.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1988

Antibacterial activity after a single-dose of norfloxacin, ofloxacin and pipemidic acid detected in urine of volunteers.

Six healthy volunteers received in a triple-crossover design a single oral dose of norfloxacin, ofloxacin or pipemidic acid. Urine samples were collected during the 24 h following the administration and were tested for inhibitory and bactericidal activity against selected strains of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Norfloxacin and ofloxacin inhibited the urinary growth of sensitive strains during the 24 h of sampling time at dilutions much higher than those generally considered satisfactory. Nalidixic acid was less effective and did not achieve bactericidal activity against Ps. aeruginosa over the interval of 12 to 24 h.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Serum bactericidal activity against aerobes and anaerobes of volunteers receiving cefoxitin or cefotetan.

Six volunteers received intravenously a single 1 g dose of cefoxitin or cefotetan. The 2 groups were crossed after a week of washout. Five strains each of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron susceptible to the administered drugs were tested for serum bactericidal activity (SBA). Blood samples were obtained before and 0.5, 3.0 and 12.0 hours after antibiotic injection. SBA was determined using microtitre procedures. Anaerobic bacteria were incubated in an anaerobic chamber. Cefotetan showed a very high SBA both against aerobes and anaerobes over the 12 hour sampling time. Cefoxitin reached satisfactory SBA values only 0.5 hours after administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Clinical safety and efficacy of ofloxacin.

In this study we report about the efficacy and tolerability of ofloxacin in the treatment of 15 patients with severe and moderately severe infections including osteomyelitis (5), soft tissue infections (5), salmonellosis in AIDS patients (2), acute or chronic pulmonary infections (2) and mediastinitis (1). The following organisms were isolated in culture specimens: Staphylococcus aureus (4), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4), Staphylococcus epidermidis (3), Serratia marcescens (1), Escherichia coli (1), Aeromonas hydrophila (1), Klebsiella oxytoca (1), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1), Salmonella cholerae-suis (1), Salmonella sp. (1), Enterobacter cloacae (1). All isolates were sensitive to the drug. Of 5 cases with osteomyelitis, 2 were cured and 3 improved clinically (with bacteriological eradication of the pathogens). The best results were obtained in patients with soft tissue infections: 4 patients were cured and 1 improved. Two patients with salmonella bacteremia and AIDS experienced a recurrence 1 month and 2 months respectively after stopping therapy. The patient with mediastinitis was successfully treated. Improvement was recorded for 2 patients with bronchiectasis and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. The drug was well tolerated, only one episode of mild nausea and vomiting was reported and did not require discontinuation of the therapy. The study indicates that ofloxacin is a safe and effective agent in the treatment of various infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Multidisciplinary approach to the therapy of chronic sinusitis.

Twenty patients with maxillary sinusitis were treated with cefotetan (1 g, i.m.) twice a day. Samples of blood and maxillary sinus mucous membrane were taken in eight patients 2 h after dosing during the third day of therapy to evaluate drug concentration. Results show the excellent clinical and bacteriological effectiveness of cefotetan, as well as its high tissue penetration.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Antistaphylococcal activity of teicoplanin in association with other antibiotics.

The in vitro activity of antibiotic combination of teicoplanin and gentamicin (or netilmicin) and teicoplanin and cephalotin on Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated using the checkerboard method and time-kill curves. With few exceptions neither antagonism nor synergism was seen for the combination of teicoplanin and aminoglycosides using the checkerboard method. Using time-kill curves synergism was often found for the combination of teicoplanin and netilmicin (even at sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations of netilmicin) and for the combination of teicoplanin and cephalotin. No antagonistic interactions occurred.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗