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PubMed2007

Reduced endothelial progenitor cells in European and South Asian men with atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a role in the repair and regeneration of the endothelium and may represent a novel cardiovascular risk factor. South Asian subjects have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease which is not fully explained by known risk factors. This study examined associations of EPCs with atherosclerosis and possible ethnic differences in EPCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A population sample of 58 European and South Asian adult men was enriched with the recruitment of an additional 59 European and South Asian men with known coronary disease. The coronary artery calcification score was measured by multi-slice computerized tomography (CT), carotid and femoral intima-media thickness (IMT), and femoral plaques were measured by ultrasound. The subjects were further subdivided into three categories of coronary artery disease on the basis of coronary artery calcification score and clinical history. Total EPCs and non-senescent EPCs (ns-EPCs) were quantified after 5 days cell culture and the number of late outgrowth colonies was measured over a 6-week test period. Circulating CD34+ haematopoietic precursor cells were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Individuals with femoral plaques had reduced total and ns-EPCs. The number of ns-EPCs were reduced in individuals with the most coronary atheroma and were inversely related to the coronary calcification score and femoral IMT. These relationships persisted after multivariate adjustment for other risk factors. The numbers of late outgrowth colonies or circulating CD34+ cells were unrelated to the presence of atherosclerosis. There were no differences in the number of EPCs between European and South Asian subjects. CONCLUSION: The number of EPCs are reduced in subjects with atherosclerosis independent of other risk factors. Reduction in EPC numbers may be an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis but does not explain ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk.

Aged↗

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Artificial ventilation and chest compression.

This paper examines the rationale for actions taken by health-care professionals when managing adult patients who have had a cardiorespiratory arrest in hospital. The focus is on aspects of ventilation and chest compression, which are key features of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the membership examination of the Royal College of Physicians.

The poor performance of doctors in cardiopulmonary resuscitation has been described in several studies. The problem has been addressed in the last few years by simplifying treatment algorithms, establishing standards of competence, and creating a training framework. Resuscitation skills are also assessed during formal examinations such as those for the membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP(UK)). In 1994 and 1996, we assessed the resuscitation skills of the candidates at our centre during the short-case section of the MRCP examination. With the correct preparation, there was no difficulty in carrying out detailed assessment of basic life support, defibrillation and advanced life support. This assessment was carried out separately from that of the examiners and did not interfere with the running of the short cases. The resuscitation skills of this small sample of an important group of doctors in training grades were unsatisfactory, and we suggest that more should be done to raise standards.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗