Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Clarke

Publications and source records attributed to E Clarke.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Inverted papilloma of the ureter with malignant change.

Three patients with inverted papilloma of the ureter are described. A range of histological features was seen, including one showing malignant change. This condition, which is probably more common than previously thought, can be successfully treated by conservative surgery and close follow-up.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1989

Glycoprotein glycans may not be necessary for the differentiation of skeletal myoblasts.

Previous work using glycosylation inhibitors has suggested that high-mannose type but not complex type oligosaccharides on the surface of cells may play a role in the differentiation of skeletal myoblasts. Earlier, we had shown that a concanavalin A-resistant mutant derived from an L6 myoblast line fails to differentiate in a medium containing 10% horse serum. Here we show that one such concanavalin A-resistant mutant (D-1) which was reported to have oligosaccharides of the type Man(3-5)G1cNAc2, shows significant fusion ability when grown in media containing 1% horse serum. Lowering the serum concentration did not alter the dolichol-phosphate mannosyltransferase activity in D-1 which remained at low levels compared to L6. The incorporation of [3H]mannose in D-1 was found to be 60% of L6 in 10% serum whereas in 1% serum the incorporation into D-1 was further reduced to 30% of L6. [3H]mannose-labeled ConA-binding proteins isolated from L6 were quantitatively and qualitatively similar in cells grown in either 10 or 1% serum. However, in D-1 cells a further decrease in the ConA-binding ability of these glycoproteins was observed. Biochemical differentiation also occurs in D-1 upon fusion in 1% serum as seen by the increase in mRNA levels of the muscle-specific markers myosin light chain and troponin T. These results suggest the high-mannose type of oligosaccharides may not be involved in myoblast differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

An autopsy-based study of diagnostic errors in geriatric and nongeriatric adult patients.

One hundred sixty-two consecutive adult autopsies (87 of subjects over age 65 years and 75 of subjects aged 23 to 64 years) performed at a university hospital were studied retrospectively by six internists to determine (1) if diagnostic errors were quantitatively or qualitatively different between the two age groups; (2) if the underlying causes of error (divided into nine categories) were different or age related in any way between the two groups; and (3) any aspects of care that related age to clinical outcome. We found the frequency of major clinical/autopsy discrepancies to be similar to those in previous studies (35%), but in only 7% of cases were these likely to have affected therapy/outcome. Ther was no difference in the frequency of major discrepancies between age groups. There were significantly more "unexpected" minor discrepancies in the older patients, probably related to the multiplicity and complexity of their problems, but these would have affected therapy/outcome in only 1 (3%) of 37 cases. The most common causes of 136 clinical "errors" in 151 autopsies were, in order of frequency: a diagnostic "blind spot," a conscious decision not to pursue a clinical finding (not a real "error"), failure to account for a symptom or sign, atypical presentations, and inadequate follow-up of abnormal laboratory findings. There were no differences between the geriatric and adult groups in terms of frequency or cause of the errors. We conclude that (1) there is no difference in the diagnostic accuracy regarding cause of death between geriatric and nongeriatric patients in the acute hospital environment, and (2) closer attention to basic knowledge and clinical skills and a special focus on judgment and reasoning skills, utilizing autopsy findings among other things, will lead to even further improvement in clinical care at all ages.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Aldosterone responsiveness to metoclopramide in hyperprolactinaemia.

Basal serum aldosterone levels in 13 hyperprolactinaemic females did not differ significantly from those of nine control individuals. There was increased responsiveness of circulating aldosterone levels to the long acting dopamine antagonist metoclopramide (10 mg intravenously) in the hyperprolactinaemic patients as compared with the controls. Prolactin responsiveness to metoclopramide was reduced in the patients as compared with the controls, such being considered characteristic of a prolactinoma. Basal serum thyrotrophin (TSH) levels, although within the euthyroid range, were increased in the patients as compared with the controls. There was no significant difference in the TSH responsiveness to metoclopramide between the study groups. However, in the five patients with exaggerated responses of TSH to metoclopramide, basal TSH levels were significantly higher than in the other patients. One explanation for these results is that prolactin can directly or indirectly modulate the aldosterone response to metoclopramide.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1984

Tumoral calcinosis, diaphysitis, and hyperphosphatemia.

Three children with hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis, including 2 siblings, presented with recurrent pain and swelling of the legs. Laboratory tests, radiographs, and biopsy showed reactive new bone formation of unknown etiology in the diaphyses. The authors hypothesize a relationship between tumoral calcinosis, hyperostosis, and hyperphosphatemia and consider possible mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Embryonic development of the smooth and striated musculatures of the chicken iris.

Both smooth muscle and striated muscle are present in the iris of the chick embryo. The two types of musculature form mixed clusters which include undifferentiated cells and many nerve fibres, but they are structurally quite distinct and have different origins. The smooth musculature originates around the 10th day from a laminar invagination (iridial lamella) of the posterior epithelium, and is therefore an ectodermal derivative. The striated musculature appears slightly later than the smooth musculature and originates from undifferentiated cells which are regarded as mesenchymal. After the 15th day in ovo the smooth musculature stops growing; its cells become confined to an area very near the pupillary margin and many develop pigment granules in the sarcoplasm. Many smooth muscle cells seem to undergo regressive changes; however, cells with the typical appearance of visceral muscle cells are still present in the iris of 3-month-old chickens. High density of innervation and vascularization, wide range of striated muscle fibre diameters, presence of lipid vacuoles and of large clusters of mitochondria in the striated fibres, occurrence of peripheral couplings of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and presence of numerous fibroblast processes in the interstices between fibres, characterize the sphincter pupillae of the mature iris.

Age Factors↗