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Biomedical subjects

E Chin

Publications and source records attributed to E Chin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Prophylaxis of candidiasis in patients with leukemia and bone marrow transplants.

OBJECTIVES: The increased risk for systemic fungal infection and the potential fatal consequences of disseminated candidiasis in bone marrow transplant patients has prompted study of prophylaxis and early treatment of candida colonization and infection. STUDY DESIGN: Patients with leukemia who received fluconazole prophylaxis were compared with a concurrent group of patients not given prophylaxis for fungal organisms. RESULTS: A trend to reduction of oropharyngeal colonization by Candida albicans was seen (p = 0.07) although no significant differences in systemic candidiasis were seen. In patients with documented systemic candidiasis, oral colonization was present and systemic infection was identified after the development of ulcerative oral mucositis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the potential of fluconazole to reduce oropharyngeal colonization by Candida albicans, however, we did not show prophylaxis of oral candidiasis or systemic candidiasis. These findings and reports of fluconazole-resistant candidal species and a rising number of cases of infection as a result of Candida krusei indicate the need for further studies of prophylaxis of candidal infection in patients who are anticipated to develop profound neutropenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Aberrations of the p 53 gene in roentgenographically occult squamous cell carcinoma of the lung].

Mutations of one p 53 allele and LOH occur in advanced lung cancers, but in early lung cancer these things were not known well. To make clear carcinogenesis of lung cancer, it is important to study p 53 alterations in early lung cancers. We studied them in 29 roentgenographically occult lung cancers by means of PCR-SSCP and microsatellite marker. PCR-SSCP was performed for exon 7 of the p 53 gene. LOH was found in 6 cases and point mutation was found in 2 cases (codon 234 T-A transversion, codon 245 G-T transition). Frequency of LOH and point mutations was lower than in the cases of advanced lung cancers. These things suggested the clonal expansion of aberrant p 53 gene occurred in the course of cancer development (i.e., roentgenographically occult lung cancer to advanced lung cancer).

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1995

Distinctive anatomical patterns of gene expression for cGMP-inhibited cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases.

Type III cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterases (PDE3s) play important roles in hormonal regulation of lipolysis, platelet aggregation, myocardial contractility, and smooth muscle relaxation. We have recently characterized two PDE3 subtypes (PDE3A and PDE3B) as products of distinct but related genes. To elucidate their biological roles, in this study we compare cellular patterns of gene expression for these two enzymes during rat embryonic and postnatal development using in situ hybridization. PDE3B [corrected] mRNA is abundant in adipose tissue and is also expressed in hepatocytes throughout development. This mRNA is also highly abundant in embryonic neuroepithelium including the neural retina, but expression is greatly reduced in the mature nervous system. Finally, PDE3B [corrected] mRNA is localized in spermatocytes and renal collecting duct epithelium in adult rats. PDE3B mRNA is highly expressed in the cardiovascular system, including myocardium and arterial and venous smooth muscle, throughout development. It is also abundant in bronchial, genitourinary and gastrointestinal smooth muscle and epithelium, megakaryocytes, and oocytes. PDE3A [corrected] mRNA demonstrates a complex, developmentally regulated pattern of gene expression in the central nervous system. In summary, the two different PDE3s show distinctive tissue-specific patterns of gene expression suggesting that PDE3B [corrected] is involved in hormonal regulation of lipolysis and glycogenolysis, while regulation of myocardial and smooth muscle contractility appears to be a function of PDE3A [corrected]. In addition, the present findings suggest previously unsuspected roles for these enzymes in gametogenesis and neural development.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Expression of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in the rat kidney: effects of long-term diabetes.

Recent studies have shown that the renal synthesis of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) is altered in insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus, suggesting that these changes may be implicated in the alterations in renal function and morphology that accompany diabetes. To investigate the time course and the precise cellular distribution of changes in IGFBP expression, we used quantitative in situ hybridization to analyze renal IGF-I and IGFBP-1 to -5 messenger RNA (mRNA) localization and levels from 2 days to 6 months after the onset of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. There was an immediate sharp decline in IGF-I mRNA levels in the outer medulla that persisted for up to 3 months and a much smaller reduction in IGF-I mRNA levels in the medullary thick ascending limbs (MTALs). In nondiabetic animals, IGFBP-1 mRNA is most abundant in the MTALs. Immediately after the induction of diabetes, however, there was a greater than 2-fold increase in cortical IGFBP-1 mRNA and a 75% decrease in IGFBP-1 mRNA in MTALs. These changes persisted for up to 6 months in the diabetic animals. In contrast, IGFBP-5 mRNA levels were increased in the outer medulla and decreased in the cortex of diabetic kidneys. No significant changes in renal IG-FBP-2 mRNA levels or distribution were noted, and changes in IG-FBP-3 and -4 mRNA levels were subtle. In summary, streptozotocin-induced diabetes is associated with very prominent and complex alterations in renal IGF system gene expression, including robust increases in cortical IGFBP-1 and profound decreases in cortical IG-FBP-5 mRNA and medullary IGF-I mRNA levels. The divergent changes in IGFBP-1 and -5 mRNA levels in cortex vs. outer medulla indicate that regulation of IGFBP mRNA levels is quite complex.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1995

Cellular patterns of insulin-like growth factor system gene expression in murine chondrogenesis and osteogenesis.

In situ hybridization histochemistry was used to map cellular patterns of gene expression for the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in developing murine skeleton from embryonic day 15 (E15) through postnatal day 25 (P25). IGF-I receptor and IGF-II receptor messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are both selectively concentrated in developing chondrocytes and osteoblasts. IGF-II and IGF-binding protein-5 and -6(IGFBP-5 and -6) mRNAs are abundant in mesenchymal condensations and chondroblasts on E15. Chondrocyte IGF-II mRNA levels remain high, but IGFBP-5 and -6 mRNAs decline significantly as cartilage matures. Low levels of IGFBP-6 mRNA are detected in postnatal chondrocytes up to at least P25, but IGFBP-5 mRNA is no longer detected in chondrocytes after E18. IGF-I and IGFBP-2, -3, and -4 mRNAs are detected in surrounding mesenchymal tissue, but are not detected in mesenchymal condensations or chondrocytes at any stage of development. IGFBP-3 mRNA is localized in sprouting capillaries invading the perichondrium and periosteum throughout development. IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-2, -4, -5, and -6 mRNAs are detected in osteoblasts localized in zones of endochondral ossification from E18 to at least P25. IGFBP-1 mRNA is not detected in cartilage or bone cells at any stage of development. These data confirm the recent report by Shinar et al. that IGF-II, but not IGF-I, mRNA is detected in rat chondrocytes in vivo and show that this pattern also applies to the mouse. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, the cell-specific patterns of IGF-I and -II receptor and IGFBP-2 to -6 gene expression during the processes of chondro- and osteogenesis in vivo. Interestingly, IGF-II, both IGF receptors, and IGFBP-5 and -6 are simultaneously coexpressed in chondrocyte precursors early in skeletal development, suggesting functional interactions between these specific factors in chondrogenesis. Both IGFs, both IGF receptors, and IGFBP-2, -4, -5, and -6 are all expressed in osteoblasts, providing evidence for potential local interactions between these IGF system components in osteogenesis. Thus, 9 of 10 known components of the IGF system demonstrate dynamic cell-specific patterns of gene expression during chondro- and osteogenesis, supporting the view that the IGF system has a complex and integral role within the developing skeleton.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Detection of human papillomavirus type 16, 18 and 33 DNA in stage I (pT1N0M0) squamous cell carcinoma of the lung by polymerase chain reaction].

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been considered one of the important factors of malignant change. To investigate the occurrence of HPV DNA in primary squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, we tried to detect HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 8 cases of stage I (pT1N0M0) squamous cell carcinoma of the lung were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus DNA (type 16, 18 and 33) by polymerase chain reaction. DNA was extracted from double 5 microns sections of each specimen by deparaffinization and proteinase K digestion. Using the primers described previously by Shimada et al, target DNA sequences were selectively amplified through 40 cycles of 94 degrees C for 1 min, 55 degrees C for 2 min, and 72 degrees C for 2 min. When stained band was unclear, second PCR was conducted using product of first PCR as template of second PCR. Human papillomavirus type 18 was present in 1 case (12.5%) in contrast that type 16 and 33 were not detected in these cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Lidocaine adrenaline tetracaine gel versus tetracaine adrenaline cocaine gel for topical anesthesia in linear scalp and facial lacerations in children aged 5 to 17 years.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study is to compare LAT gel (4% lidocaine, 1:2000 adrenaline, 0.5% tetracaine) to TAC gel (0.5% tetracaine, 1:2000 adrenaline, 11.8% cocaine) for efficacy, side effects, and costs in children aged 5 to 17 years with facial or scalp lacerations. DESIGN: Randomized, prospective, double-blinded clinical trial. SETTING: Inner-city Emergency Department with an Emergency Medicine residency program. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Children aged 5 to 17 years with linear lacerations of the face or scalp. INTERVENTION: After informed consent was obtained patients had lacerations anesthetized with topical TAC or LAT gel according to a random numbers table. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 95 patients were included in the statistical analysis with 47 receiving TAC and 48 receiving LAT. Physicians and patients/parents separately rated the overall pain of suturing using a modified multidimensional scale for pain assessment specifically for children. Patients/parents also stated the number of sutures causing pain. The power of the study to determine a ranked sum difference of 15 was 0.8. Multidimensional rating scale results and number and percentage of sutures causing pain were compared using Wilcoxon's rank sum test. According to patients no difference could be detected in percent of sutures causing pain in the LAT versus TAC group (P = .51). Using the multidimensional scale, physicians and patients/parents found LAT statistically the same as TAC in effectiveness (P = .80 for physicians and P = .71 for patients). Cost per application was $3.00 for LAT compared to $35.00 for TAC. Follow-up was accomplished in 85 of 95 participants in the study with no reported complications for either medication. CONCLUSION: LAT gel worked as well as TAC gel for topical anesthesia in facial and scalp lacerations. Considering the advantages of a noncontrolled substance and less expense, LAT gel appears to be better suited than TAC gel for topical anesthesia in laceration repair in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Preservation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2(+)-sequestering function in homogenates of different type composition following sprint activity.

To examine the effect of exercise on sarcoplasmic reticulum function in muscle tissue of different fibre composition, adult male Wistar rats weighing 388 +/- 23 g (x +/- SE) ran intermittently on a treadmill until fatigue. Fatigue was induced by 15-20 min of running performed at 52 m/min on an 8 degrees incline in periods of 2.5 min of exercise separated by 2 min of recovery. Analysis of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase activity determined in homogenates indicated no difference (p > 0.05) between age-matched control and exercised tissue for the soleus (SOL; 0.121 +/- 0.012 vs. 0.156 +/- 0.018 mumol.mg-1 protein.min-1), red gastrocnemius (RG; 0.381 +/- 0.022 vs. 0.354 +/- 0.022), or white gastrocnemius (WG; 0.526 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.471 +/- 0.031). Similarly, both total ATPase and Mg2+ ATPase activities were unaffected by the exercise in any of the tissues examined. Exercise also failed to alter sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake in homogenates of the SOL (1.43 +/- 0.15 vs. 1.38 +/- 0.19 nmol.mg-1 protein.min-1), RG (3.74 +/- 0.29 vs. 3.59 +/- 0.24), and WG (5.98 +/- 0.48 vs. 5.41 +/- 0.50). At fatigue, glycogen depletion was similar in all tissue types and amounted to 65.1% in the SOL (172 +/- 9 vs. 60 +/- 16 mmol.glucosyl units-1.kg-1 dry weight), 74.4% in RG (164 +/- 8 vs. 42 +/- 6), and 79% in the WG (167 +/- 9 vs. 35 +/- 9). It is concluded that exercise by itself does not alter sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2(+)-sequestering function in tissues of primarily different fibre composition when determined in homogenates in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1994

Dietary protein-induced renal growth: correlation between renal IGF-I synthesis and hyperplasia.

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) mRNAs are colocalized in the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) of the rat nephron, a segment that undergoes selective growth in response to elevated dietary protein. In the present study, rats were fed isocaloric diets containing variable protein content (6-40%) for 1-7 days, and changes in fractional renal weight, MTAL length, and regional DNA synthesis were assayed and compared with local changes in IGF-I/IGFBP-1 mRNAs, as determined by quantitative in situ hybridization. Rats switched to high-protein diets demonstrated increased IGF-I and decreased IGFBP-1 mRNA levels in MTALs, whereas those switched to low protein showed inverse changes. The increase in renal IGF-I mRNA was maximal at 2 days and was closely paralleled by significant increases in fractional renal weight, DNA synthesis, and MTAL length. Similar changes were seen in vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro and growth hormone (GH)-deficient dwarf rats in response to high-protein diets, suggesting that the effects of dietary protein in this model are not mediated by vasopressin or GH. The close spatial and temporal correlation between changes in renal IGF-I expression and changes in regional growth parameters strongly supports a role for locally produced IGF-I in the induction of protein-induced renal growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Cellular distribution of insulin-degrading enzyme gene expression. Comparison with insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors.

Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) hydrolyzes both insulin and IGFs and has been proposed to play a role in signal termination after binding of these peptides to their receptors. In situ hybridization was used to investigate the cellular distribution of IDE mRNA and to compare it with insulin receptor (IR) and IGF-I receptor (IGFR) gene expression in serial thin sections from a variety of tissues in embryonic and adult rats. IDE mRNA is highly abundant in kidney and liver, tissues known to play a role in insulin degradation. IDE and IR mRNAs are highly coexpressed in brown fat and liver. The highest level IDE gene expression, on a per cell basis, is found in germinal epithelium. IDE and IGFR mRNAs are colocalized in oocytes, while IDE is colocalized with the IGF-II receptor in spermatocytes, suggesting that IDE may be involved with degradation of IGF-II in the testis. In summary, IDE expression demonstrates significant anatomical correlation with insulin/IGF receptors. These data are compatible with a role for IDE in degrading insulin and IGFs after they bind to and are internalized with their respective receptors and may also suggest a novel role for IDE in germ cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Cellular localization and regulation of gene expression for components of the insulin-like growth factor ternary binding protein complex.

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are present in the circulation, largely as part of a high mol wt complex including IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and an acid-labile subunit (ALS). This study used in situ hybridization to investigate the cellular sites of synthesis of these factors in the rat and to evaluate changes in transcript levels during development and after hypophysectomy and GH treatment. IGFBP-3 transcripts are considerably more abundant and widely expressed than ALS at birth, but both are present in liver and kidney. Hepatic IGFBP-3 gene expression increases slightly, whereas ALS increases dramatically in the first few weeks after birth. IGFBP-3 mRNA is concentrated in portal venous and sinusoidal endothelium, but is not detected in hepatocytes, whereas ALS mRNA is diffusely expressed by hepatocytes, but is not detected in nonparenchymal cells. Both transcripts are localized in the renal cortex; however, IGFBP-3 mRNA is concentrated in interstitial cells, whereas ALS is expressed in proximal tubule epithelium. Hypophysectomy results in a 90% reduction in hepatic ALS and an approximately 50% decrease in IGFBP-3 mRNA level. ALS, but not IGFBP-3, transcripts were also reduced in the kidney. GH receptor mRNA is coexpressed with ALS in liver and kidney, suggesting that the effects of GH on ALS gene expression may be direct. In summary, the fact that IGFBP-3 gene expression is far more widespread than that of ALS in both spatial and temporal parameters suggests that IGFBP-3 has a role apart from contribution to the ternary complex. We have also shown that IGFBP-3 and ALS are synthesized by distinct hepatic cell types in an anatomical organization that may serve to ensure efficient formation of the ternary complex in the blood passing through the sinusoids. Finally, the present data suggest that regulation of ALS synthesis may be the primary site of GH regulation of ternary complex formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Partition of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding sites between the IGF-I and IGF-II receptors and IGF-binding proteins in the human kidney.

Quantitative ligand binding autoradiography and in situ hybridization were employed to analyze [125I]insulin-like growth factor-I ([125I] IGF-I) and [125I]IGF-II-binding sites in human kidney sections. Binding sites for both ligands were concentrated in the inner medulla and glomeruli, with low levels present in the tubulo-interstitial cortex. Competition with cold IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin was used to determine nonspecific binding and differentiate binding of ligands to the IGF-I and IGF-II receptors and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). Nonspecific binding was less than 20% of the total for both ligands. Insulin (10(-5) mol/L), which binds to the IGF-I receptor, but not to the IGF-II receptor or IGFBPs, displaced 39 +/- 8% of [125I]IGF-I binding in glomeruli, 60 +/- 7% in the tubulo-interstitial cortex, and 32 +/- 7% in the medulla. Insulin produced no detectable decrease in [125I]IGF-II binding in any region. IGF-I (10(-8) mol/L), which binds strongly to IGFBPs, but not appreciably to the IGF-II receptor, produced reductions of 46 +/- 9%, 35 +/- 8%, and 39 +/- 12% in [125I]IGF-II binding in glomeruli, tubulo-interstitial cortex, and medulla, respectively. In situ hybridization showed that IGFBP-1-5 mRNAs were all expressed in glomeruli. IGFBP-2 mRNA was abundant in medullary collecting duct epithelium, whereas IGFBP-3, -4, and -5 mRNAs were localized in interstitial and vascular cells throughout the kidney. IGF-I and -II receptor mRNAs were widely distributed in renal epithelium. The abundance of local IGFBP gene expression was positively correlated with insulin-nondisplaceable IGF binding in specific kidney regions. In summary, [125I]IGF-I binding appears to be partitioned largely to IGFBPs in glomeruli and largely to the IGF-I receptor in the tubulo-interstitial cortex, with binding in the medulla more evenly divided. The proportion and regional distribution of [125I]IGF-II binding to IGFBPs are similar, but the balance appears to be primarily associated with the IGF-II, rather than the IGF-I, receptor. Finally, this study shows that [125I]IGF binding autoradiography combined with in situ hybridization can be used to localize and potentially quantitative expression of IGFBPs in tissue sections.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The effects of subcutaneous insulin-like growth factor-I infusion in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Insulin-dependent diabetes can be associated with low insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels despite normal or even high GH secretion. The basis of the diabetic abnormalities in GH-IGF dynamics that contribute to insulin resistance and impaired fuel metabolism are not well understood. To further investigate these matters, this study evaluated baseline IGF system parameters and responses to recombinant human IGF-I in four diabetic adolescents and six pubertal stage-matched controls. Spontaneous overnight and arginine-stimulated GH secretion, insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), and IGFBP-3 levels were measured before, during, and after daily 10-h sc infusions of saline or IGF-I (20 micrograms/kg.h). Baseline overnight GH secretion and IGFBP-1 and -3 levels were not significantly different in the two groups, but IGF-I levels were significantly lower and IGF-II levels were higher in diabetic subjects. IGF-I infusion produced a 3-fold increase in serum IGF-I levels and a reciprocal profound reduction in IGF-II levels in both groups. IGFBP-1 levels increased dramatically in diabetics and modestly in normal subjects in response to IGF-I infusion, but IGFBP-3 levels were not significantly altered. Spontaneous overnight and arginine-stimulated GH secretion were suppressed by about 50% in both groups after IGF-I infusion. Insulin requirements were substantially reduced in diabetics receiving IGF-I, and insulin secretion was suppressed in normal subjects, with no evidence of a change in insulin half-life. Blood glucose remained stable in both groups throughout saline and IGF-I infusions, and no hypoglycemia or other adverse effect occurred during IGF-I infusions. Further studies are necessary to determine whether the addition of IGF-I to insulin replacement therapy may stably reduce the insulin requirement, maintain normal GH levels, and perhaps achieve better metabolic and anabolic balance in the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Selective coexpression of insulin receptor-related receptor (IRR) and TRK in NGF-sensitive neurons.

The insulin receptor-related receptor (IRR) has recently been identified as a member of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase family; however, its endogenous ligand and biological function are still unknown. In contrast to the very widespread pattern of expression of the homologous insulin and IGF-I receptors, IRR demonstrates a very restricted cellular distribution. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we now show that the expression of this receptor is selectively concentrated in a subset of neurons where its appearance is closely associated with that of the NGF receptor TRK. IRR and TRK demonstrate synchronized patterns of coexpression in neural crest-derived sensory and sympathetic neurons and in non-neural crest basal forebrain and striatal neurons. Both appear early in the embryonic development of dorsal root and trigeminal neurons and somewhat later, near the time of birth, in sympathetic neurons. Expression of both IRR and TRK appears perinatally in basal forebrain neurons, reaching maximal levels about postnatal day 20. This association is highly selective, since TRK mRNA is not detected anywhere in the developing nervous system in the absence of coordinate IRR expression, and the same is true for IRR expression with respect to TRK. In the adult rat, the majority of TRK-positive sensory neurons still express IRR mRNA, and coexpression in sympathetic and forebrain neurons continues without evidence of diminution. These findings are consistent with a functional linkage of the IRR and TRK receptors in NGF-sensitive neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[A case of lung cancer with axillary nodal involvement].

A 57-year-old man with lung cancer was reported. Primary tumor was located at left S1+2, and directly invaded to chest wall (from 1st. rib to 4th rib). Hypercalcemia and delirium were observed. Whole body examination showed that no distant metastasis except for nodal swelling of left axillary region. Left upper lobectomy combined with chest wall resection was performed. Hilar, mediastinal and axillary nodes were also dissected. Histological examination revealed that nodal involvement was not present at neither hilar or mediastinal region, but was present in axillary node. It was thought that lymphatic extension had occurred from trough chest wall to axillary nodes but not through mediastinal rout. So systematic dissection of locally invaded region as well as hilar and mediastinal region was recommended in each cases.

Axilla↗
PubMed1993

Developmental gene expression and tissue distribution of the CHIP28 water-channel protein.

The CHIP28 water channel is a major component of red cell and renal tubule membranes; however, its ontogeny and tissue distribution remain undefined. Three patterns of expression were identified when CHIP28 mRNA was surveyed by in situ hybridization histochemistry in rats between embryonic day 14 and maturity. (i) CHIP28 mRNA and protein were very abundant in hematopoietic tissue and kidneys of mature rats, but strong expression did not occur until after birth, when it appeared in renal proximal tubules and descending thin limbs, red pulp of the spleen, and membranes of circulating red cells. (ii) CHIP28 mRNA was abundant in choroid plexus epithelium throughout fetal development and maturity. (iii) CHIP28 mRNA was transiently observed in periosteum, heart, vascular endothelium, and cornea during fetal development. The ontogeny of kidney and red cell CHIP28 expression coincides with the ability of kidneys to concentrate urine, suggesting that CHIP28 promotes water reabsorption in the proximal nephron and provides red cell osmoregulation needed for passage through the hypertonic medulla. Its presence in the choroid plexus suggests that CHIP28-mediated water transport contributes to secretion of cerebrospinal fluid. The functional role of CHIP28 in developing bone, heart, and eye is unclear. These findings further establish the general physiologic role of CHIP28 as a water channel involved in reabsorption, osmoregulation, and secretion. The studies also suggest other possible functions during fetal development and predict that complex mechanisms will be needed for regulation of CHIP28 gene expression in diverse tissues at distinct points in development.

Animals↗