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Biomedical subjects

E Chartier-Kastler

Publications and source records attributed to E Chartier-Kastler.

49 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The effects of focused extracorporeal pyrotherapy on a human bladder tumor cell line (647 V).

UNLABELLED: Human transitional cell bladder carcinoma cell-line 647 V has been used to evaluate the effects on tumor cells in vitro of a new technique: focused extracorporeal pyrotherapy (F.E.P.). The device is made of multi-sources of piezoelectric ceramics focused at 320 mm. The focal area is 10 mm. high on 1.5 mm. width, and shots of 0.25 to 0.50 seconds were delivered on 4 groups of cell pellets placed in a polyurethane tube at the focus. Trypan blue MTT cell growth curve and Colony forming tests were used. There was a significant reduction (Student's t test) of the cell variability rate on the Trypan Blue test, 5% (in the treated Group) against 95% (control Group). The growth curve was flattened whether 0.50 second shots were single or repeated. The colony formation test was also significantly altered: 5.7% (treated group) against 70% (control group). CONCLUSION: focused extracorporeal pyrotherapy is able to alter or kill tumor cells in vitro.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1993

Focused extracorporeal pyrotherapy.

A system generating focused elastic ultrashort waves has been developed with the aim to destroy tumors by an extracorporeal way. Experimental studies on different targets (plastic phantoms, organ samples and normal live tissues in pigs) have been done showing the good focusing of the device and the possibility of getting a focal tissular coagulative necrosis. Studies on cultured tumor cells and implanted tumors in rats have shown a local effect on cells or tumor growth with the absence of metastatic risks. First human trials are summarized. This technique we call focused extracorporeal pyrotherapy could be useful for the treatment of cancers.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Posterior vertical lumbar incision in the treatment of pyelo-ureteral junction anomaly: report of 71 cases].

Posterior vertical lumbar incision, described for the first time in 1869 by Simon, provides a simple access to the kidney and offers excellent exposure of the ureteropelvic junction. The technical modifications proposed by Gil Vernet facilitate access to the kidney and reduce the morbidity. The operative technique is described in detail and the authors report their retrospective experience of 71 cases of correction of ureteropelvic junction anomalies (stage 2, 3 and 4). The morbidity was low (19%). Patients returned to work by the 3rd week. 88% of good results were observed at 3 months (84% in initial stage and 4 lesions). This approach should be preferred to the lateral incision or the percutaneous approach due to the simplicity of the technique and the low complication rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The value of retrograde urethrography in the diagnosis of sub-urethral diverticula in women].

Urethral diverticulum in women is not a frequent disease. The diagnosis of this lesion is based on history and careful physical examination looking for a swelling on the anterior vaginal wall. A study of 15 cases is reported. The authors insist on investigations as a help to confirm and localise the diverticulum. A new technique of retrograde urethrography using a prehension cannula ("Bomelaer") is described. By this well tolerated and minimally invasive test, the visualisation of the urethral diverticulum was obtained in 14/15 patients. Associated with intravenous urography, it is certainly the most adapted strategy for diagnosis and management.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1991

Focussed extracorporeal pyrotherapy: experimental results.

A new device made of piezoelectric ceramic placed in a semispherical dish and focussed at 320 mm was developed in order to generate heat and cavitation responsible for coagulative necrosis of deep tissues. The target to be treated is located with a central ultrasound probe of 3.5 MHz. In vitro studies with polyurethane phantoms showed that the ultrasound melted a surface of 2 x 12 mm within 1 s. The temperature recorded at the focus was 270 degrees C. In tissue samples (prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia), the temperature rose to 85 degrees C in vitro and a hyperechoic zone appeared at the focus during shots. In vivo 8-mm plastic spheres, introduced surgically into the bladder of pigs, were melted by repeat shots without burning of crossed tissues. These studies were performed in the kidney and the liver. Autopsy performed on day 0 showed congestion, autopsy performed between day 6 and day 11 showed necrosis, whereas at 3 months the focussed area was fibrosed. This technique, which we called 'focussed extracorporeal pyrotherapy', combines phenomena of cavitation and high heat at the focus. Prostate tumors, bladder tumors, kidney tumors and liver metastases are potential indications for pyrotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Isolated urethral amyloidosis. Case report and review of the literature].

Localised amyloidosis of the urethra is an extremely rare condition and we report one case of induration of the corpus spongiosum. This one is painful and increasingly obstructive. The first differential diagnosis we think about was an inflammatory process or carcinoma. The diagnosis can only be done after biopsies and microscopic observation. Localized amyloidosis must be recognized and this lesion must be locally treated. Since 40 years, about 25 such cases were described.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Failures observed after repair of the pyeloureteric junction in children based on a series of thirteen cases].

We report a series of 13 infants with failed surgery for pyeloureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction. Failure was defined as the necessity for further surgery, either refashioning of the anastomosis or nephrectomy. These infants were part of a series of 306 with 322 PUJ. Of the 258 surgically treated infants, 232 (90%) had a post operative course without complication or need for reoperation. The failure rate was significantly higher in infants operated before the age of 4 months (8/65: 12.3%) when compared with those over 4 months of age (5/193: 2.59%). The use of postoperative drainage via a nephrostomy significantly reduced the percentage of early complications (e.g. fistula) but did not affect the final failure rate. The severity of the obstruction at presentation correlated with a bad outcome after reoperation. Of the cases which resulted in failure after reoperation (7/258: 2.7%) all occurred in cases of severe obstruction with parenchymal damage. While the failure of surgery is often evident early (persistant fistula, urinoma, non-functioning kidney on IVP) this may only become obvious some years later. Reoperations were successful in half the cases irrespective of the time between the initial operation and the reoperation. Long term follow-up of all infants operated for PUJ obstruction is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Failures observed after repair of the pyeloureteral junction in children. Apropos of 13 cases].

We report a series of 13 infants with failed surgery for pyeloureteral junction (PUJ) obstruction. Failure was defined as the necessity for further surgery, either re-fashioning of the anastomosis or nephrectomy. These infants were part of a series of 306 with 322 PUJ. Of the 258 surgically treated, 232 (90%) had a post operative course without complication or need for reoperation. The failure rate was significantly higher in infants operated before the age of 4 months (8/65: 12.3%) when compared with those over 4 months of age (5/193: 2.59%). The use of postoperative drainage via a nephrostomy significantly reduced the percentage of early complications (e.g. fistula) but did not affect the final failure rate. The severity of the obstruction at presentation correlated with a bad outcome after reoperation. Of the cases which resulted in failure after reoperation (7/258: 2.7%) all occurred in cases of severe obstruction with parenchymal damage. While the failure of surgery is often evident early (persistent fistula, urinoma, non functioning kidney on IVP) this may only become obvious some years later. Reoperations were successful in half of the cases irrespective of the time between the initial operation and the reoperation. Long term follow up of all infants operated for PUJ obstruction is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Repeated renal transplantation].

From October 1987 to June 1992, 359 renal transplantations were performed, while, over the same period, 25 patients with a follow-up of more than six months underwent repeat renal transplantation: 23 for a second transplant and 2 for a third transplant. The initial disease was glomerular for 17 patients and interstitial for 6 patients. The mean age of the patients at the time of the repeat transplantation was 36.9 years (range: 20 to 53 years). The mean survival after the first transplantation was 3 years and 10 months (range: 1 week to 10 years). The reasons for loss of the first transplant can be classified as follows: acute rejection (n = 5), chronic rejection (n = 14), surgical failure (n = 5) or sepsis (n = 1). 9 patients received conventional immunosuppressant therapy, while 16 patients (64%) received four-drug therapy including cyclosporin. The actuarial one-year survival of the patients and the transplants was 100% and 92%, respectively. The mean serum creatinine was 136.4 +/- 65 mumol/l (range: 59 to 298 mumol/l). Ten patients developed rejection after a mean of 18.6 days (range: 6 to 30 days) and 2 patients suffered from 2 episodes of rejection within 4 months. These results illustrate the low postoperative surgical and immunological complication rate in this group of patients whose long-term results are at least comparable to those of first transplantations in our group.

Actuarial Analysis↗