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Biomedical subjects

E Charney

Publications and source records attributed to E Charney.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Conformations of dinucleoside phosphates in aqueous solution.

The conformations of dinucleoside phosphates have been reexamined by semiempirical potential energy calculations. Conformations I, II, and III, proposed by Lee & Tinoco [Lee, C. H., & Tinoco, I., Jr. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 5403], are possible species after refinement of their structures by potential energy minimization. These three conformers can represent three types of dinucleoside phosphate species in solution. Dhingra et al. [Dhingra, M. M., Sarma, R. H., Giessner-Prettre, C., & Pullman, B. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 5815] had concluded that conformations of type II and III were unlikely or impossible. They favored conformations g-g- (equivalent to I), g+g+,g+t, and tg+; the last three conformations have little stacking and are calculated to be energetically less favorable by more than 5 kcal/mol. Common structures of the types I, II, and III are found for dinucleoside phosphates with different purine-pyrimidine sequences. The sequence dependence of the potential energy of these three conformers has been calculated. The experimental nuclear magnetic resonance data of dinucleoside phosphates are consistent with these three conformations.

Calorimetry↗
PubMed1978

Prevention and therapy of serous otitis media by oral decongestant: a double-blind study in pediatric practice.

We studied the efficacy of (1) preventing the development of serous otitis media (SOM) by using an oral decongestant in children with acute otitis media and (2) treating SOM with an oral decongestant. In a randomized double-blind study, 190 children were treated for acute otitis media with antibiotics and either pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (Sudafed) or placebo. They were evaluated two weeks later by tympanometry and (independently) by clinical evaluation and pneumotoscopy. There were no significant differences between the two groups, except that males developed SOM significantly more often than did females. Use of decongestant and placebo was continued in 78 patients with SOM for up to four more weeks. Again, there were no siginificant differences between the treatment groups except that patients with an allergic history did significantly worse using a decongestant. Overall there was no benefit from pseudoephedrine in either the prevention or treatment of SOM.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Obstetric, neonatal, and psychosocial outcome of pregnant adolescents.

Obstetric, neonatal, and psychosocial outcomes were compared for 82 matched adolescents who had been pregnant, been delivered of an infant, and received health care in three sites in Rochester, New York. There were no major differences in obstetric and neonatal outcome of adolescents and their babies according to health site. Differences in outcome were expected in the psychosocial area where a specialized maternity project (Rochester Adolescent Maternity Project [RAMP]) offered more services. On follow-up two years later, school attendance and reliance on full or partial assistance were similar. Repeated pregnancy and postpartum use of contraception favored RAMP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Management of teenage pregnancies in three different health care settings.

A retrospective study was undertaken to determine if differences existed in obstetric outcome, contraceptive usage, and repeat pregnancy rates of teenage patients cared for in three different health care settings. The sites included the Rochester Adolescent Maternity Project (RAMP), a traditional obstetric clinic, and a neighborhood health center. Comparison of the three groups revealed that RAMP patients experienced a lower incidence of anemia and preeclampsia than patients in the other programs. At one year postpartum, 25% of the hospital clinic patients were using contraception compared to 45% for the health center and 49% for RAMP patients, compared to 15.8% for the health center and 6.5% for the RAMP group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Content and emphasis of well-child visits. Experienced nurse practitioners vs pediatricians.

The content and emphasis of well-child visits conducted by nine randomly selected pediatricians was compared with those of five experienced pediatric nurse practitioners. Twenty one nurse visits and 43 pediatrician visits with 1-year-old to 2-year-old children were monitored. The nurses discussed developmental and child behavior topics in significantly (P less than .05) greater depth, they asked more open-ended questions, made more specific recommendations, provided more maternal support, and the parents spoke a greater proportion of the time during the nurses' visits. Efficiency (number and depth of topics considered per unit time) of both groups was similar. Nurse visits were more time-consuming (mean, 25.5 vs 17.6 minutes for pediatricians). A subgroup of four pediatricians conducted visits much like those of the nurses, scoring as well in less time. The other five pediatricians conducted shorter visits, with little emphasis on child development and provided less time for the parent to talk. Overall, after five years in practice, these nurses were in no way less complete in child health supervision than a representative sample of pediatricians and were considerably more comprehensive in their approach than the average pediatrician.

Child Health Services↗
PubMed1976

Childhood antecedents of adult obesity. Do chubby infants become obese adults?

We investigated whether obese infants tend to become obese adults. Records of subjects born between 1945 and 1955 were reviewed to select three cohorts based on weight in the first six months of age, which exceeded the 90th percentile at least once, ranged between 25th and 75th percentiles or was below 10th percentile at least once. Three hundred and sixty-six subjects, now between 20 and 30 years of age, were located and their present height and weight determined. Thirty-six per cent of those exceeding the 90th percentile as infants were overweight adults, as compared to 14 per cent of the average age and light-weight infants. A significant increase (chi square = 17.2, p less than 0.001) in adult obesity was evident when the infant exceeded the 75th percentile that was independent of his height. Social class, educational level, and parental weight all correlated with adult weight (p less than 0.001). Sex and ordinal position of birth did not. The data suggest that infant weight correlates strongly with adult weight independently of other factors considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Compliance with short-term antimicrobial therapy: some techniques that help.

The effect of two reminder devices on compliance with a ten-day antimicrobial prescription was investigated in a health center population. The reminders, a clock printed on the prescription label with appropriate times circled and a 5 X 7 inch bright red sticker to be posted at home, were compared to a control group. A total of 158 patients were interviewed at home on the ninth or tenth day of therapy, and compliance estimated by measuring the amount of remaining medication. For children, both reminders improved compliance about two-fold over controls. The findings suggest that (1) several simple reminder devices can be effective and (2) the nature of the patient population may be a more important influence on compliance than the relationship to a physician or the type of health care system. In addition, the study demonstrates the influence of the pharmacist on patients' medication-taking behavior.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1974

Lead analysis of house dust: a method for the detection of another source of lead exposure in inner city children.

A method has been developed to test the hypothesis that lead-containing house dust is responsible for the elevated levels of lead in blood of inner city children. Dust analyses of smears from the floors, walls, and windowsills in low-income inner city dwellings have shown a median concentration of lead five times as high in suburban homes. It is suggested that lead-containing dust may be one of the most important environmental sources of increased lead exposure in this specific population group.

Child↗