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Biomedical subjects

E Camus

Publications and source records attributed to E Camus.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Pelvic actinomycosis: the value of preoperative diagnosis. Apropos of a case].

Pelvic actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative granulomatous disease caused by an anaerobic Gram positive germ, Actinomyces. This rare disease can be severe and life-threatening. A intra pelvic bridge becomes chronic and produces a pseudo-tumoural syndrome of the pelvis with retroperitoneal infiltration or extension to neighbouring organs. Initially, neoplasia is usually diagnosed, leading to mutilating surgical exeresis before the pathology results reveal the presence of pelvic actinomycosis. The most difficult task is to entertain the diagnosis in a patient with an intrauterine device and poor general health, signs of infection and a pelvic syndrome. We observed such a case where the diagnosis was suspected before surgery. Adapted first intention antibiotic therapy led to spectacular recovery and allowed limited surgery without unnecessary ablation of neighbouring organs.

Abscess↗
PubMed1993

Heartwater in Guadeloupe and in the Caribbean.

A sero-epidemiological survey for heartwater was organized in 1992 in the Lesser Antilles, from Grenada to Saint Martin. Blood from about one percent of the ruminant livestock of the islands was randomly sampled and the sera were tested with an indirect ELISA. The percentage of positive sera was found to be 30% in Guadeloupe, 25% in Antigua, 2.2% in St.Martin, 1.3% in St. Kitts & Nevis, 3.8% in Montserrat, 1.7% in Dominica, 1.5% in St.Lucia, 1.5% in St.Vincent, 3.5% in Barbados, 2.9% in Grenada and 7% in Martinique. Ruminants from Guadeloupe and Antigua are known to be infected with heartwater. The low percentage of positive sera and the absence of clinical cases in the other islands strongly suggest that positive sera in these islands are probably due to non-specific cross reactions between Cowdria and other micro-organisms (possibly Ehrlichia) which remain to be isolated. In particular, the high percentages of positive sheep sera in Martinique (15%) and Montserrat (11%) should be further investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The sero-diagnosis of heartwater: a comparison of five tests.

Five serological tests, the indirect and competitive ELISA, the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test with 2 different antigens and the Western blot technique were compared and applied to sera that were known to be either negative or positive against Cowdria ruminantium or that were collected from animals in heartwater-free regions. No false positive reactions were recorded with any of the tests against the known negative sera. Except for minor variations in the sensitivity of the 5 tests, there was good correlation between them. Their specificity, however, remains in dispute since in all 5 tests extensive cross-reactions were recorded with antibodies in response to an as yet unidentified agent, probably Ehrlichia.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Occurrence of caprine leucocyte antigens (CLA) in Creole goats susceptible/resistant to heartwater.

A genetic predisposition to the manifestation of disease symptoms has been demonstrated for heartwater in certain goat lines. In order to clarify a possible involvement of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in the pathogenesis of heartwater, over 100 Creole goats have been typed serologically for their CLA class I antigens coded by the caprine MHC. The MHC is a genetic system that influences different immunological processes, i.e. the individual immune response. With our alloantisera we were able to detect 13 different CLA alleles also present in the Swiss breeds, two non-MHC antigens, a new cluster defined by the splitting of two antigens and several specific reaction patterns of single reagents. The allele frequencies of the detected CLA antigens differed for the resistant and susceptible groups examined. Whether the differences represent regional sire effects or indicate pathogen-induced selection pressure remains to be clarified. Additional testing of resistant/susceptible goats originating from common environment as well as of specially crossbred (resistant x susceptible) animals are underway.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Progress towards a program for the eradication of Amblyomma variegatum from the Caribbean.

Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius), the tropical bont tick, is now widely distributed in the Caribbean. Eighteen islands countries are now or were recently infested with the tick. To stop the spread of this tick to other non-infested islands and to the mainland areas of South, Central and North America, a regional eradication program has been proposed and endorsed by the respective governments on each of the Amblyomma variegatum infested islands, including the French government and CARICOM member and associate member countries. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) was requested by CARICOM, on behalf of member and associate member governments to: develop eradication proposals; assist CARICOM member countries to maintain existing Amblyomma tick control programs; advise and assist with the drafting of legislation required for implementation of an eradication program; assist in the identification of funds to implement the eradication program and, if funding was obtained, coordinate the eradication campaign against this tick on all infested islands. The current distribution of the tick and the status of the proposed eradication program in the Caribbean are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Ovine trypanosomosis: a seroepidemiological survey in coastal Guyana.

The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence rates of Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma evansi in sheep in coastal Guyana. Blood samples were taken from a systematic random sample of one hundred and ninety-three (193) sheep on twenty-two (22) farms in Region 5, Mahaica/Berbice, a coastal area of Guyana. Age, breed, sex, and farm of origin were recorded for all sampled sheep. One hundred and seventy-six (176) serum samples were submitted for Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA) testing for T. vivax and T. evansi. Fluorescence was graded as 0 (negative), 1+(very weak), 2+(weak), 3+(strong) or 4+(very strong), measured at 1:160 dilution of serum. Samples were considered to be sero-positive if any fluorescence was observed. Indirect Fluorescent Antibody results were received for one hundred and sixty-one (161) samples. One hundred and three (64%) sera were sero-positive for Trypanosoma sp. Of these, 38 (23.6%) sera were positive to T. evansi only, 11 (6.8%) were positive to T. vivax only and 54 (33.5%) were positive for both. As cross reactions occur between T. vivax and T. evansi, it was difficult to determine the true species of exposure for the sera which tested positive to both species. The overall sero-prevalence rate of 64% suggests that trypanosomosis is endemic in sheep in coastal Guyana. This was the first serological evidence of T. evansi in Guyana. Although T. vivax is believed to be pathogenic in sheep, the clinical significance of T. evansi remains unknown. The vector of both species of trypanosomes in sheep on the north coast of South America also is not known.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The role of Amblyomma variegatum in the transmission of heartwater with special reference to Guadeloupe.

Heartwater has been diagnosed in Guadeloupe, Marie-Galante, and Antigua; it induces important losses among goats and European or cross-bred cattle when local zebu creole are highly resistant to infection. Amblyomma variegatum is the vector of the disease in the Caribbean. The tick strain of Martinique, occurring in that island that has apparently been disease-free since 1948, has not lost its ability to experimentally transmit the disease. In Guadeloupe 97% of nymphs and nearly 100% of adults feed on cattle and goats. Some immature ticks (4.5%) feed on wildlife, including birds that may be involved in the spread of infected ticks. Only 1 to 4% of adult ticks are infected and only a proportion of infected ticks are really infective: 53%, 9%, and 50% of nymphs, males, and females, respectively. Nymphs play the major role in the transmission: they are more numerous than adults and engorge faster. Infected ticks have the same maximum longevity as noninfected ticks, that is, 18 months for nymphs and nearly 23 months for adults. Cowdria is not transmitted immediately after tick fixation but after a delay of 2-3 days for nymphs and 4 days for adults. The disease is more often fatal when transmitted by tick biting rather than by needle transmission. The daily infection rate that summarizes all the parameters is very low (0.14% and 0.20% for goats and cattle, respectively), resulting in an unstable epidemiological situation. The transmission of Cowdria by A. variegatum in Guadeloupe shows significant differences compared with the transmission by A. hebraeum in Africa.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Distribution of heartwater in the Caribbean determined on the basis of detection of antibodies to the conserved 32-kilodalton protein of Cowdria ruminantium.

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was developed to detect immunoglobulin G antibodies to the major 32-kDa protein of Cowdria ruminantium. A total of 1,804 serum samples collected from cattle on 19 islands in the eastern Caribbean Basin were tested by this cELISA. A total of 133 serum samples from 10 islands (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, and St. Vincent) were found to be positive. The presence of antibodies to C. ruminantium in cattle on these islands was confirmed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting (immunoblotting). In earlier studies, C. ruminantium has been demonstrated only on Guadeloupe, Antigua, and Marie Galante. This study shows that the causative agent of heartwater is now firmly established in the Caribbean.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Current status of bovine haemoparasitic diseases in Martinique (French West Indies)].

A serological survey using indirect immunofluorescence (IFAT) for bovine babesiosis (Babesia bovis and B. bigemina) and card test for anaplasmosis, indicates that these haemoparasites are widespread in Martinique. The high prevalences (62% for B. bovis, 52% for B. bigemina and 43% for Anaplasma marginale) lead to the hypothesis of an unstable epizootic situation for these three haemoparasitic diseases. However, the number of smears examined was too low to evaluate their clinical incidence. Both the American and Cuban card tests gave similar results in the detection of antibodies to A. marginale. Theileria mutans is described for the first time in Martinique. Trypanosomosis (Trypanosoma vivax) has disappeared from Martinique, on clinical and serological evidence.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Asymptomatic carrier state in Creole goats and cattle after recovery from Cowdria infection in Guadeloupe].

Creole goats and cattle in Guadeloupe can be carriers of cowdriosis (heartwater: Cowdria ruminantium) after recovery for a period as long as 11 months in goats and 2 months in cattle. The carrier status was demonstrated by feeding Amblyomma variegatum nymphs on recovered animals and the resulting adult ticks on susceptible goats. Cowdria ruminantium was not detected permanently during the carrier status.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Ki-67 labeling in postmitotic cells defines different Ki-67 pathways within the 2c compartment.

Simultaneous quantification of DNA and Ki-67 proliferation-associated antigen was performed using fluorescence image cytometry. In the MCF-7 cell line, the Ki-67 antigen content increases during the cell cycle, and its intranuclear distribution pattern varies. Quantitative evolution of Ki-67 content as a function of nuclear area makes it possible to define several pathways followed by cells going through the 2c compartment. 1) In some cells, the amount of Ki-67 antigen remains constant during G1 (Ki-67 stable pathway), and a characteristic speckled pattern can be observed. 2) In the larger fraction of cells analyzed, there is a postmitotic decrease in the Ki-67 (Ki-67 decrease pathway) content. In this pathway, labeling is located in the nucleoplasm in small nuclei, is located in nucleoli in intermediate-sized nuclei, and is absent from larger nuclei (G0). A progressive increase in Ki-67 content (Ki-67 increase pathway) was observed from intermediate-sized nuclei to S phase nuclei. From these results, we hypothesize that the Ki-67 stable pathway is the G1 phase of newly formed cells going directly to S phase in local optimal conditions of growth and that Ki-67 decrease pathway and Ki-67 increase pathway correspond to cells whose progression to S phase is regulated by extracellular factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Sites of fixation of Amblyomma variegatum ticks on their hosts in Guadeloupe (French west Indies)].

The examination of 458 domestic and wild hosts of the tick A. variegatum allowed to collect 8,581 larvae, 646 nymphs, 685 adults in 9 different animal species and to determine their preferential attachment sites. In another survey on 15 goats and 5 cattle, 12,345 larvae, 2,111 nymphs and 4,625 adults were counted on the anatomic sites. Immature ticks feed preferentially on the head, neck and limbs of birds, the limbs of mongoose and the limbs and ears of dogs, goats and cattle. Adults feed only on hosts of medium to large size and attach on ventral parts of the body, especially the groin, perineum, axillae and the dewlap of cattle. This tick species should be searched for on these sites when estimating its propagation in a threatened area or the evolution of its population during an eradication campaign. Moreover, the acaricide concentration on these sites must be optimal during systematic treatments.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

An automatic method for bone histomorphometry: assessment with reference to usual static and dynamic parameters.

To perform a fast and reproducible analysis in bone histomorphometry, we developed an automatic method for calculating static and dynamic parameters. A color automatic image analyzer (SAMBA 200) was used to obtain the usual parameters of bone histomorphometry: bone volume (Cn-BV%TV), osteoid volume (Cn-OV%BV), and osteoid surface (Cn-OS%BS). A specialized algorithm was designed for calculation of the mineral apposition rate (MAR). Eroded surface (Cn-ES%BS) was read in a semiautomatic mode using a cursor. To validate this program, we input 30 samples from patients with bone disease (20 osteoporosis, 6 renal osteodystrophy, 2 osteomalacia, and 2 hyperparathyroidism) using manual and automatic modes. The results obtained showed a highly significant correlation with the usual manual method for all parameters: OS/BS, r = 0.93; OV/BV, r = 0.98; MAR, r = 0.90. With the automatic method, larger values were found for osteoid parameters and MAR and lower values for BV/TV. There were no statistical differences for OV/BV and MAR when compared to the reference manual method. This study establishes that automatic measurements of osteoid parameters and MAR can be performed by a fast analyzer with as good reproducibility and accuracy as the manual method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Experimental infection of the Guyanese zebu with Trypanosoma vivax].

The Guyanese strain of Trypanosoma vivax is pathogenic for the local Brahman zebu; the experimental infection of 19 one-year old cattle was followed by a moderate and transitory fever, a drop in packed cell volume (PCV) and a quick and marked weight loss of 10 to 17 kg one month after as compared to the 16 non-infected animals. Other symptoms were associated with the parasitaemia: diarrhoea, swollen haematic glands on the neck and the flank, lachrymation, weakness. Despite a trypanocidal treatment injected one month post-infection, one animal died and the weight losses of others were not compensated for three months later. The particular susceptibility of weaning animals is discussed as well as its implications in the control of trypanosomosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Tamoxifen and endometrial adenocarcinoma].

The authors report a case of endometrial carcinoma treated with tamoxifen introduced after normal initial uterine curettage. Based on recent experimental and clinical data, the importance of a gynecological follow-up in anti-estrogen therapy is emphasized.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Comparison between 3 antigens for the serodiagnosis of heartwater disease by indirect immunofluorescence].

A cell line of bovine endothelial cells (E5), infected with 3 different stocks of Cowdria ruminantium, was used as antigen in an indirect fluorescent antibody test for the serodiagnosis of heartwater. These antigens were compared to peritoneal macrophages from mice infected with the Kümm stock and to caprine neutrophils in primary cultures from goats infected with 4 different stocks of Cowdria. The use of endothelial cell cultures proved to be superior in all respects. The antigens can be produced in large quantities at a low cost, contrary to the other types. The reaction is easily and quickly read, compared to the laborious reading of neutrophil or macrophage antigens which often contain few and small colonies of Cowdria. Moreover, not all stocks are suitable for the preparation of neutrophil antigens, while macrophage antigen can only be obtained with the Kümm stock. Endothelial cell antigens also distinguish serotypes in C. ruminantium, but these differences seem to be less pronounced than those found with neutrophil antigens. Finally, the specificity of endothelial cell antigens appears to be better than that of Kümm antigen and comparable to that of neutrophil antigens. The use of Kümm antigen may have been responsible to a large extent for past unexplained positive serological results on certain Caribbean islands where it has not been possible to isolate Cowdria and where no clinical evidence of the disease has been found.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Amblyomma variegatum and associated diseases in the Caribbean: strategies for control and eradication in Guadeloupe.

Amblyomma variegatum, introduced into Guadelopue 150 years ago, has recently spread in the Lesser Antilles and threatens North America. Two important diseases are associated with the tick: heartwater and dermatophilosis. Heartwater occurs in Guadeloupe, Marie-Galante and Antigua; acute dermatophilosis exists almost everywhere the tick is present. Both are very pathogenic for upgraded or newly-infested cattle. After 15 years of A. variegatum control in Guadeloupe, a balance is established between a tick population maintained at a low level by spraying acaricides and an animal population either completely resistant to heartwater and dermatophilosis (creole cattle) or regularly treated against ticks (upgraded cattle). An eradication campaign against A. variegatum in Guadeloupe, to avoid the spread of the associated diseases, appears technically difficult but possible, economically profitable, but socially completely utopian. We suggest for Guadeloupe a reinforced control of the tick with a persistent acaricide, hoping that a general decrease of the tick infestation rate on cattle will eliminate heartwater and acute dermatophilosis.

Animal Husbandry↗