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Biomedical subjects

E Callaway

Publications and source records attributed to E Callaway.

85 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

An open trial of low dose buprenorphine in treating methadone withdrawal.

Buprenorphine (BPN) is a prescription analgesic with mixed opioid agonist and antagonist properties. This pilot study conducted detailed case studies with 15 methadone dependent patients. The study sought to determine whether repeated low doses (0.15 to 0.3 mg) of sublingual BPN would relieve opioid withdrawal symptoms. Subjects developed mild to moderate withdrawal symptoms within 26 to 31 hours of methadone discontinuation. Once in withdrawal, the subjects received 0.15 mg of BPN sublingually. A second dose of 0.15 mg was administered in an hour, and a 0.30 mg dose in 2 hours, if the subject obtained no relief of withdrawal symptoms. In 6 subjects a low dose of 0.15 to 0.30 mg sublingual BPN resulted in the disappearance of subjective and objective withdrawal symptoms within 10 minutes to 2.5 hours. Four others had brief, partial relief of symptoms. Five subjects failed to experience any relief of withdrawal symptoms after a total of 0.6 mg BPN administered over 3 hours. One nonresponder suffered what appeared to be a severe precipitated withdrawal reaction similar to that which can be produced in addicts by a naloxone challenge. The 4 Caucasian responders required 1 to 2 hours to respond to BPN, whereas the 2 African-American responders required only 10 to 20 minutes. Low (analgesic) doses of BPN were sufficient to treat all methadone withdrawal symptoms in 6 of 15 subjects. There may be ethnic differences in response to BPN. Low dose BPN may play a role in carefully monitored heroin detoxification treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scopolamine and physostigmine do not alter visual detection of change: relationships to a model of lateral geniculate operations.

The effects of physostigmine and scopolamine were tested on 5 male subjects using a task based on a model of cross-inhibition among lateral geniculate neurons. The task consisted of detecting and locating a change (appearance or disappearance) of one point of light in an array of points. Earlier research suggested that the task was sensitive to drugs and pathology. In the present study, neither drug showed significant effects on any of three task variables used, although differences between subjects were significant. These findings show that the task is sensitive to individual differences but insensitive to changes in cholinergic activity produced by physostigmine and scopolamine, even though such changes should affect neuronal functioning at the lateral geniculate.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Disturbances in dopamine metabolism in autistic children: results of clinical tests and urinary dosages of homovanilic acid (HVA)].

We have studied disturbances in dopamine metabolism by assaying HVA in urines of 44 autistic children. First a clinical study identifies the main clinical symptoms. This allows to differentiate between "pure" autistic children and autistic children with associated signs. Urinary HVA was significantly higher in autistic children and there was a relationship between severity of autism and HVA levels.

Adolescent↗