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Biomedical subjects

E C Smith

Publications and source records attributed to E C Smith.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Oxidized saccharides as inhibitors of alpha-glucan synthesis by Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase.

Specific inhibition by periodate-oxidized dextrans of the synthesis of alpha-glucan by S. mutans glucosyltransferase prompted a search for structurally related inhibitors that might be effective as anticaries agents. Clinical dextran derivatives in which from 5 to 50% of the D-glucose units were oxidized acted as potent and specific enzyme-inhibitors, as did 10%-oxidized derivatives of dextran fractions ranging in mol. wt. from 10(4) to 2 X 10(6). Within these limits, differences in oxidation or molecular weight did not significantly affect the high inhibitory potency of the derivatives. In contrast, periodate oxidation of (1 leads to 6)-alpha, (1 leads to 3)-alpha-, and (1 leads to 4)-alpha-linked oligosaccharides containing less than approximately 15 D-glucose units, and of sucrose and structurally related trisaccharides, yielded derivatives that were poor inhibitors. Enzymic hydrolysis of oxidized dextrans caused a loss of their inhibitory power and indicated that, to act as specific inhibitors, oxidized molecules must contain at least 16 to 20 D-glucosyl residues. The similar, minimum size required in order that unoxidized oligosaccharides may act as efficient acceptors in the glucosyltransferase reaction suggests that the inhibitory potencies of oxidized derivatives may reflect their relative abilities to bind at the acceptor site of the enzyme.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1980

The uremic itch.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Calcium↗
PubMed1979

Vascular and orthopedic complications of knee dislocation.

Experience with complete dislocation of the knee in 22 consecutive patients during a six year period was analyzed. Major vascular complications occurred in nine of 13 extremities with anterior dislocation, one of seven extremities with posterior dislocation and none of two extremities with lateral dislocation. Liberal use of trans-femoral ateriography for diagnosis disclosed significant arterial injuries in four of 15 limbs, despite postreduction pedal pulses which were apparently normal. Limb salvage was accomplished in 20 of 21 survivors and in eight of nine with associated vascular complications. All patients demonstrated severe instability of the ligamentous structures of the knee consistent with the type of dislocation. Posterior instability was severe in all patients, an indication of disruption of the posterior cruciate ligament in every instance. Adequate follow-up information was available on 12 knees that had primary ligamentous repair, ten of which were stable to stress testing. Postoperative immobilization was accomplished by external skeletal fixation, skeletal traction or long leg posterior plaster splint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Dialysis dementia -- the Chicago experience.

In the four years between 1972 and 1976 twenty out of 160 maintenance dialysis patients developed dialysis dementia. Their illness was characterized by an insidious onset of mental deterioration, speech disturbance, apraxia, and myoclonus. The disease progressed inexorably to a fatal outcome, the onset of seizures being an ominous sign, and the average duration of the illness being seven months. Routine biochemical studies were unremarkable, and osteodystrophy was not a prominent feature. Serial electroencephalograms (EEG) showed progressive slowing of the rhythm, usually antedating the neurologic symptoms. Brain scan and flow studies were normal. Radio-iodinated serum albumin (RISA) scans in seven patients showed changes suggesting altered cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. Treatment was generally ineffective, but ventriculo-peritoneal shunting produced transient neurologic improvement in one patient. Epidemiologic investigations showed high aluminum levels in city water during the period of the outbreak.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1978

Role of aluminum in dialysis dementia.

Between September 1972 and January 1976 an outbreak of dialysis dementia affected 20 patients maintained by long-term hemodialysis. The clinical picture was characterized by an insidious onset of altered behaviour, dementia, speech disturbance, myoclonus, and convulsions. Nineteen patients died, but one patient has survived for 16 months. It was later established that in June 1972 the city had altered its method of water purification and that this resulted in higher water aluminum levels. The temporal relation between periods of high water-aluminum content and the appearance of new cases supports the view that aluminum may play a role in the causation of dialysis dementia.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effects of medial meniscectomy in patients older than forty years.

Forty-nine of the sixty-five consecutive patients who were more than forty years old when medial meniscectomy was performed returned for follow-up evaluation one to twelve years postoperatively. Pain was present in 62.2 per cent of the patients with so-called degenerative tears and in 75 per cent of those with so-called traumatic tears. The medial joint space was significantly thinner in the patients with degenerative tears than in those with traumatic tears. The roentgenographic findings of osteoarthritis were significantly more severe on the side operated on. The femorotibial angle was always in relatively more varus angulation on the involved side (mean, 5.3 degrees) than on the uninvolved side.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Effect of indole-3-acetic acid on the kinetics of horseradish peroxidase catalyzed scopoletin oxidation.

The kinetics of horseradish peroxidase catalyzed of scopoletin oxidation were observed to be sigmoidal. The apparent KmS for scopoletin is 0.9 mM. Inhibition of scopoletin oxidation by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) appears to be non competitive. Non competitive inhibition by IAA suggests a more significant role of the peroxidase protein matrix in regulating the activity of the heme moiety.

Horseradish Peroxidase↗
PubMed1977

Lysostaphin endopeptidase-catalysed transpeptidation reactions of the imino-transfer type.

The glycylglycine endopeptidase in lysostaphin has been found capable of catalysing both hydrolysis and transpeptidation reactions when acting on glycyl peptides. The ability of the enzyme to utilize dansyldiglycine (5-dimethylaminoaphthalene-1-sulphonylglycylglycine) as an acceptor molecule in transpeptidation reactions, although it is incapable of hydrolysing the peptide bond in this compound, indicates the enzyme must be capable of forming the equivalent of an imino-enzyme intermediate during the catalytic process.

Dansyl Compounds↗
PubMed1977

Proliferative glomerulonephritis in monoclonal gammopathy.

A 62-year-old white male suffering from plasmacytosis with monoclonal gammopathy developed gastrointestinal bleeding, microscopic hematuria, proteinuria and progressive azotemia. A renal biopsy demonstrated capillary wall thickening, mesangial hyperplasia, crescent formation and subepithelial humps. Serum immunoglobulin analysis showed IgG of lambda type. Serum complement, ANA, ASO titer and cryoglobulin were normal. It is suggested that proliferative glomerulonephritis with subepithelial humps should be added to forms of renal pathology that can be seen in plasma cell dyscrasias.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1977

Renosonogram in diagnosis of renal failure.

Twenty patients (10 males, 10 females age 20-60 years) with normal renal function underwent standard IVP and renosonogram. Length of kidney in its longest axis on IVP and sonogram was 13.6 +/- 1.43 cm, and 11.76 +/- 1.61 cm respectively. The ratio of the length of kidneys on IVP and sonogram respectively. There was significant correlation between these two factors (r=.95, P less than .001). When these ratios were analyzed individually for right and left slides it was found that ratios on IVP for the right kidney were 4.05 +/- .29, and for the left kidney 4.21 +/- .37. The ratios on the sonogram were for the right kidney 3.45 +/- .33 and for the left kidney 3.67 +/- .42. Using these ratios expected length of renal shadows on sonogram were calculated in 15 patients with severe renal failure (mean creat. 13.79 mg/dl). In ten patients in whom the infusion IVP visualized the renal shadows, the sonographic findings were confirmed. In 5 patients where infusion IVP was not helpful renosonogram revealed hydronephrosis in three patients, a retroperitoneal mass in another and cross-ectopia in a third patient. The results of this study indicate renosonogram is a useful procedure in evaluation and management of patients with renal failure with no demonstrable toxicity and requiring little preparation.

Adult↗