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Biomedical subjects

E C Larkin

Publications and source records attributed to E C Larkin.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Reduction in medium chain acids and monoenoic acids in livers and plasma of rats fed eicosa-5,8,11, 14-tetraynoic acid.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for 8 weeks a corn oil (CO) diet or a hydrogenated coconut oil (HCNO) diet. These diets were fed in the absence or presence of eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraynoic acid (TYA). The inclusion of TYA in the HCNO diet reduced the levels of 12:0 and 14:0 in the total fatty acids of livers and plasma. With either diet, the presence of TYA caused an alteration in the fatty acid composition of these tissues so as to reduce the values of the ratios: 16:1/16:0, 18:1/18:0. and 20:4/18:2. These results suggest that dietary TYA can influence the hepatic metabolism of medium chain fatty acids and that it may inhibit the desaturase enzyme involved in the synthesis of not only 20:4 but also of monoenoic fatty acids.

5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid↗
PubMed1978

Response of the iron-deficient erythrocyte in the rat to hyperoxia.

Normal and iron-deficient rats were exposed to 90% O2 at 760 Torr for 24 or 48 h. Erythrocyte response to hyperoxia was monitored by potassium (rubidium) influx studies, by storage stress, and by ultrastructural studies. Normal rat erythrocytes exhibited morphological changes and decrease of ouabain-sensitive potassium influx compared to unexposed controls. Both components of erythrocyte potassium influx were affected by iron deficiency. Erythrocytes from unexposed iron-deficient rats showed a 50% increase in ouabain-sensitive potassium influx compared to controls. Iron-deficient rats exposed to hyperoxia for 24 or 48 h, had erythrocytes with morphological changes. Erythrocytes of iron-deficient rats exposed for 24 h showed no influx change; those exposed for 48 h showed a decrease of ouabain-sensitive influx compared to erythrocytes of controls.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1978

Response of the rat erythrocyte to ozone exposure.

Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to high (6--8 ppm) and moderate (1.5 ppm) amounts of ozone (O3) for various time periods. Response of the rat erythrocyte to ozone was monitored with red blood cell potassium (rubidium) influx studies, with storage stress combined with ultrastructural studies and with levels of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Erythrocytes of rats exposed to O3 showed no significant changes either in their potassium influx or in their glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities compared to controls. Erythrocyte differential counts on O3-exposed animals showed significant changes initially as well as following storage stress compared to controls. Rats exposed to 8 ppm O3 for 4 h showed a marked increase in echinocytes. These consistent transformations from discocytes to echinocytes following O3 exposure suggest latent erythrocyte damage has occurred.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Severe and progressive steatosis and focal necrosis in rat liver induced by continuous intragastric infusion of ethanol and low fat diet.

Blood alcohol levels (BAL) were maintained at high levels (overall mean +/- S.D. achieved in 14 alcoholic rats was 216.0 +/- 120.1 mg%) in male Wistar rats for 15 to 85 days by continuous intragastric infusion of ethanol and nutritionally defined low fat liquid diet. The ethanol intake was progressively increased from 32% of total calories up to 41.4% in order to maintain high BAL. Pair-fed animals received isocaloric glucose solution and the liquid diet. Despite the low level of dietary fat (4.9% of total calories), histopathological evaluation of the liver revealed severe and progressive fatty infiltration in the alcoholic rats. In addition, following 30 days of intoxication, one third of the animals showed focal necrosis with mononuclear cell infiltration in centrilobular areas of the livers. This was correlated with the markedly elevated levels of SGOT and SGPT in these animals. Pair-fed controls showed no abnormality in the morphology of liver or blood chemistry. Chemical quantitation of liver triglycerides confirmed the histological observation, with triglyceride levels of 61.51 +/- 16.45 and 89.61 +/- 5.94 mg per gm at 30 and 85 days, respectively. Most importantly, the degree of steatosis was tightly and significantly correlated with the mean BAL achieved (r = 0.80, p less than 0.001). These data represent the first confirmation of the hypothesis that continuously high BAL correlate with the severity of alcohol-induced liver pathology.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the lung and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity in plasma of monkeys exposed to ambient levels of ozone.

A group of 8 sub-adult bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata) was exposed to 0.15 ppm ozone (O3) and another group of 8 to 0.3 ppm O3, 8 h/day, for 90 days. Four monkeys in the control group breathed filtered air during this period. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) comprised about 22% of total fatty acids in the lungs of controls. The PUFA level decreased to about 90% and 6% in monkeys exposed to 0.15 ppm and 0.3 ppm O3, respectively. Lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity in the plasma of monkeys exposed to 0.15 ppm O3 was similar to that in the controls. However, the LCAT activity of plasma was significantly increased by the exposure of monkeys to 0.3 ppm O3.

Air↗