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Biomedical subjects

E C James

Publications and source records attributed to E C James.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Prognostic value of positive lymph nodes in rectal cancer.

Abdominal "curative" resections for rectal cancer in 109 patients with positive lymph nodes were prospectively studied. The best subdivision of patients for predicting outcome was into 1-3 and greater than 3 positive lymph node groups. Comparison with patients with greater than 3 positive lymph nodes demonstrated that patients with 1-3 positive nodes had less local (35.0 percent vs. 13.0 percent; P = 0.007) and less distant recurrence (45.0 percent vs. 26.0 percent; P = 0.04) and had much better crude five-year survival (58.2 percent vs. 17.0 percent; P less than 0.0001). For predicting postsurgical outcome in patients with positive lymph nodes, the results justify subdividing patients into the following two prognostic subgroups: 1) those with 1-3 involved lymph nodes and 2) those with metastatic tumor in four or more lymph nodes.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Snowmobile trauma: an eleven-year experience.

Records of 88 patients with snowmobile injuries from 1977 to 1987 were reviewed to identify the types of trauma. Data collected included age, sex, method and degree of injury, use of safety attire, and risk factors. There were 77 males and 11 females. Seventeen (19.3%) were children under the age of 16. Poor driving judgment involved in the hitting of obstacles led to the majority of injuries. There were 106 fractures in 71 patients. Eighteen patients (25%) had more than one fracture. Eleven patients had loss of consciousness. Eighty-eight other injuries resulted for a total of 205 injuries. There were three fatalities. Results indicate that inexperience, prior use of alcohol, driver carelessness, excessive speed, and poor adherence to manufacturer recommendations were the leading contributors to the accidents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Further experience with division of the left renal vein.

The left renal vein (LRV) has numerous tributaries including, but not limited to, the inferior phrenic, suprarenal, and gonadal veins. The resultant potential for collateral LRV outflow through these tributaries in instances of LRV division is obvious. One of us has previously reported 10 such cases of LRV division (close to its confluence with the inferior vena cava and without reanastomosis) for the purpose of facilitating proximal abdominal aortic exposure for reconstructive procedures. One of the 10 patients had moderate renal insufficiency at follow-up. We present herein an additional 19 patients who underwent LRV division predominantly for aneurysmal disease of the abdominal aorta. Sixteen patients were available for follow-up. Three patients died in the intraoperative and early postoperative periods. Multivariate analysis of variance of preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up laboratory data--serum creatinine and BUN--showed no significant change in renal function as assessed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Cyclic-AMP in human lung preparations.

Cyclic-AMP levels in unaffected and affected cancerous portions of human lung preparations were determined by measuring displaced 3H-cyclic-AMP from the specific binding protein by unlabeled ligand. The levels of cyclic-AMP in unaffected portions of human lungs ranged between 52-116 pmoles/g protein. Significantly higher levels of cyclic-AMP were found in lung samples affected with squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and malignant melanoma with the mean values being 251, 290, and 509 pmoles/g protein, respectively. On the other hand, a decrease in the level of cyclic-AMP to 39 pmoles/g protein was observed in portions of lungs affected with granuloma. These results suggest that the level of cyclic-AMP in lung tissue may reflect the malignant or benign nature of the pulmonary disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Post Nissen syndrome.

The Nissen fundoplication is the most common anti-reflux operation performed. Gas bloat and inability to vomit after repair may be severe, but infrequently require reoperation; in contrast, other complications can be very debilitating or life-threatening. One hundred and sixteen patients who required reoperation for serious complications after Nissen repair are presented and classified according to the cause of the failed repair. Nissen complications resulted in recurrent reflux (86 per cent), severe dysphagia (60 per cent), esophageal dysmotility (48 per cent) and gastric perforation and fistualization (5 per cent). The "classic" Nissen fundoplication involves a blind 360 degree wrap, which includes the acid-producing parietal cell mass. The resulting pouch drains poorly and is, therefore, subject to gastric ulceration. Reoperation at our institution, using principally the Hill antireflux procedure, gave excellent or good results in 86 per cent, fair in 9 per cent and poor in 5 per cent. Three operative deaths (2.6 per cent) and one late death (0.9 per cent) occurred.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effects of abnormal metabolites of maple syrup urine disease on neurotransmitter receptor binding.

The deficiency of keto acid decarboxylase in maple syrup urine disease results in the accumulation of branched chain amino acids and their corresponding keto acids in tissues and body fluids. The effects of abnormal metabolites were investigated on neurotransmitter receptor binding in rat brain. alpha-Keto acids caused selective in vitro decrease in alpha-adrenergic, beta-adrenergic receptor binding in synaptosomal preparations from rat brain. No significant changes were observed in binding of cholinergic, GABA, and dopamine receptors binding in appropriate rat brain preparations. These results indicate that selective inhibition of adrenergic receptor binding by branched chain keto acids may presumably account for neural abnormality in maple syrup urine disease.

Amino Acids, Branched-Chain↗
PubMed1985

Identification and characterization of hepatic carboxylesterases hydrolyzing hydrocortisone esters.

The present study has provided evidence for the existence of three distinct carboxylesterases involved in the hydrolysis of steroid esters, where two enzymes are possibly responsible for the metabolism of hydrocortisone hemisuccinate (HCHS) at pH 5.5 and 8.0, and a third enzyme for the metabolism of hydrocortisone acetate (HCAC) at pH 8.0, in isolated rat liver microsomes. The activity of all three enzymes in rat liver was induced significantly by the administration of phenobarbital while no such function in enzyme activity was observed in animals receiving 3-methylcholanthrene or benzo[a] pyrene under similar experimental conditions. The increase in the activity of HCHS esterase I (HCHS-E1) active at pH 5.5, HCHS esterase II (HCHS-E2) active at pH 8.0, and HCAC esterase (HCAC-E) was approximately 7 to 8, 3- and 3-fold respectively. On the other hand, the degree of induction of nonspecific microsomal carboxylesterase acting on p-nitrophenylacetate (PNPA) was significantly less. The Km values for the hydrolysis of HCHS at pH 5.5 and 8.0 and HCAC by rat liver microsomes obtained from control rats were 2.45, 2.02 and 1.6 mM, respectively, and these Km values were not changed significantly in preparations obtained from rats treated with phenobarbital. The distinct in vitro responses displayed by hepatic microsomal steroid esterases to various inhibitors were able to distinguish three different enzymes which also differed from nonspecific carboxylesterases. The activity of HCAC-E was inhibited by NaAsO2 and AgNO3 while that of HCHS-E1 and HCHS-E2 remained unaffected. Selective inhibition of HCHS-E1 by NaF, HgCl2 and p-chloromercuribenzoate and that of HCHS-E2 by NiSO4 indicated the possible existence of different enzymes or isozymes of a carboxylesterase catalyzing HCHS hydrolysis. The effects elicited by the inhibitors on the activity of PNPA esterase were different from those observed with steroid esterases. Furthermore, the present study has also indicated species variations in the distribution of steroid esterases in the livers of rat, mouse, dog and cat.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Antiinflammatory and antiproteolytic properties of substituted tetrazolycarbamides.

Eight 1-(5-aryl-2-acetyltetrazolyl)-3-substituted carbamides were evaluated for their antiinflammatory and antiproteolytic properties. The protection afforded by these compounds (100 mg/Kg, i.p.) against carrageenin-induced edema in rats ranged from 10-45%. Oxyphenbutazone (40 mg/kg, i.p.) and hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg, i.p.), used as reference drugs, possessed 53% and 45% antiinflammatory activity, respectively. All substituted tetrazolyl carbamides (1 mM) possessed antiproteolytic activity which was reflected by their ability to inhibit the activity of trypsin during hydrolysis of bovine serum albumin. The degree of protection observed against trypsin-induced hydrolysis ranged from 25-62% while such an inhibition with sodium salicylate (1 mM) was 52%.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Anticonvulsant activity and monoamine oxidase inhibitory properties of substituted 1,2,4-triazoles.

Nine 5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4-substituted aryl-3-hydrazinocarbonylmethylthio-4H-1,2,4-triazoles were investigated for their anticonvulsant and monoamine oxidase inhibitory properties. The protection afforded by these compounds at a dose of 100 mg/kg ranged from 20-90% against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures and 20-40% against electric shock-induced convulsions. The degree of in vitro monoamine oxidase inhibition by substituted triazoles ranged from 41-80%, 18-36% and 20-40% using kynuramine, tyramine and 5-hydroxytryptamine as substrate, respectively. The approximate LD50 values of greater than 1000 mg/kg exhibited low toxicity of substituted triazoles.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Gastric emptying. A comparison of the Heineke-Mikulicz and Finney pyloroplasties with the Ramstedt pyloromyotomy.

Roentgenographic complete gastric emptying times using dilute barium were measured in 31 conditioned mongrel dogs (1) under normal or basal conditions, (2) after subdiaphragmatic complete truncal vagotomy, and (3) after four different methods of gastric drainage. The drainage procedures in 24 dogs were divided into four groups of six dogs each: (1) Heineke-Mikulicz two-layer (HM1) pyloroplasty; (3) Finney pyloroplasty (FP); and (4) the Ramstedt pyloromyotomy (RP). Using the same protocol for measuring complete gastric emptying, a fifth group of seven dogs underwent two gastric drainage procedures each: RP followed by subsequent conversion to the HM1. The statistical comparison to these procedures for adequacy of gastric drainage demonstrated no significant differences or superiority of any procedure in the groups of animals tested.

Animals↗