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Biomedical subjects

E C Feldman

Publications and source records attributed to E C Feldman.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Primary hyperparathyroidism in dogs: 21 cases (1976-1986).

Case records from 21 dogs with hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism were evaluated. The dogs were greater than or equal to 7 years old, and 6 were Keeshonds. The most common clinical signs were polydipsia/polyuria, listlessness, and muscle weakness. The serum calcium concentrations were 12.1 to 19.6 mg/dl. Serum phosphorus concentrations were low in 5 dogs, within the reference range in 13 dogs, and high in 3 dogs that also had high concentrations of BUN. Twenty dogs had a parathyroid adenoma, and 1 had a parathyroid carcinoma. Nineteen dogs had their parathyroid tumor surgically removed. Within 5 days of tumor removal, 11 of the 19 dogs became hypocalcemic and the remaining 8, normocalcemic. Nine of the 11 hypocalcemic dogs developed clinical signs. Iatrogenic hypercalcemia was induced in 7 of 16 dogs treated orally with calcium carbonate plus vitamin D. Only 1 of 19 dogs that had their parathyroid tumor excised died in hypocalcemic tetany. Two additional dogs died within 2 weeks of surgery, one because of pancreatitis, the other due to renal failure. Eight dogs died 9 to 37 months after surgery of unrelated problems. Eight dogs were alive for at least 7 to 28 months after surgery.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

Plasma endogenous ACTH concentrations and plasma cortisol responses to synthetic ACTH and dexamethasone sodium phosphate in healthy cats.

Plasma cortisol responses of 19 healthy cats to synthetic ACTH and dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) were evaluated. After administration of 0.125 mg (n = 5) or 0.25 mg (n = 6) of synthetic ACTH, IM, mean plasma cortisol concentrations increased significantly (P less than 0.05) at 15 minutes, reached a peak at 30 minutes, and decreased progressively to base-line values by 120 minutes. There was no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) between responses resulting from the 2 dosage rates. After administration of 1 mg of DSP/kg of body weight, IV (n = 7), mean plasma cortisol concentrations decreased at postadministration hour (PAH) 1, and were significantly lower than control cortisol concentrations at PAH 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 (P less than 0.01). Administration of 0.1 mg of DSP/kg, IV (n = 8) or 0.01 mg of DSP/kg, IV (n = 14) induced results that were similar, but less consistent than those after the 1 mg of DSP/kg dosage. Mean plasma cortisol concentrations returned to base-line values by PAH 24. There was not a significant difference between the 3 doses (P greater than 0.05) at most times. Measurement of endogenous ACTH in 16 healthy cats revealed plasma ACTH of less than 20 to 61 pg/ml. Seemingly, administration of synthetic ACTH consistently induced a significant (P less than 0.05) adrenocortical response in healthy cats. On the basis of time-response studies, post-ACTH stimulation cortisol samples should be collected at 30 minutes after ACTH administration to ensure detection of peak adrenocortical response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenal Cortex Function Tests↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of a six-hour combined dexamethasone suppression/ACTH stimulation test in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism.

Seventeen dogs with hyperadrenocorticism were studied. Three dogs had functioning adrenocortical tumors and 14 had pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Each dog was evaluated by determining the endogenous plasma ACTH concentration and by performing 4 tests: ACTH stimulation, dexamethasone screening, dexamethasone suppression, and a 6-hour combined dexamethasone suppression/ACTH stimulation test. The combined test was less reliable as a screening test in diagnosing hyperadrenocorticism than was the dexamethasone screening test or the ACTH stimulation test. Compared with the endogenous plasma ACTH concentration, results of the dexamethasone suppression portion of the combined test were less reliable in distinguishing dogs with adrenocortical tumors from those with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. It was concluded that the combined test cannot be recommended for use.

Adrenal Cortex Function Tests↗
PubMed1986

Rebound hyperglycemia following overdosing of insulin in cats with diabetes mellitus.

Posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia (rebound hyperglycemia) after overdosing of insulin was diagnosed in 6 cats with diabetes mellitus. Administration of excessive insulin induced hypoglycemia within 4 to 8 hours, followed by rebound hyperglycemia. Diagnosis was made by serial blood glucose determinations during a 20- to 24-hour period after insulin administration. Four cats had a history of difficulty in regulating the diabetic state. In 2 cats, rebound hyperglycemia was diagnosed on routine serial blood glucose determinations. All of the cats were hyperglycemic for most of the day. Rebound hyperglycemia was observed with both intermediate (neutral protamine hagedorn) and long-acting (protamine zinc iletin) insulins, and the range of insulin doses at which the disorder developed overlapped previously determined therapeutic doses for these insulins in the cat. Urine glucose and single afternoon blood glucose determinations were inadequate and potentially misleading in monitoring diabetic cats receiving excessive amounts of insulin.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Serum thyroxine concentrations after radioactive iodine therapy in cats with hyperthyroidism.

Thirty-one cats with hyperthyroidism were given one dose of radioactive iodine (131I) IV. Serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations were measured before treatment in all cats, at 12-hour intervals after treatment in 10 cats, and at 48-hour intervals after treatment in 21 cats. Serum T4 concentrations also were measured one month after 131I therapy in 29 cats. Activity of 131I administered was 1.5 to 6.13 mCi, resulting in a dose of 20,000 rads to the thyroid. Serum T4 concentrations before 131I administration were 5.3 to 51.0 micrograms/dl, with a median T4 concentration of 11.0 micrograms/dl. Serum T4 decreased most rapidly during the first 3 to 6 days after treatment. Sixteen cats (55%) had normal serum thyroxine concentrations by day 4 after 131I administration, and 23 cats (74%) were euthyroxinemic by day 8 after treatment. One month after administration of 131I, the 29 cats evaluated were clinically improved, and 24 (83%) of the 29 cats evaluated had normal serum T4 concentrations, 3 cats (10%) remained hyperthyroxinemic, and 2 cats (7%) were hypothyroxinemic. Therefore, administration of 131I was a safe and effective method to quickly decrease serum T4 concentrations in hyperthyroid cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Pyometra.

Pyometra is a relatively uncommon diestral uterine disorder seen primarily in older bitches and queens. The incidence of pyometra appears to be increasing, especially in younger animals, as a result of increasing use of estrogen and progesterone for mismating and for certain medical disorders. The clinical signs of pyometra and abnormalities on physical examination are dependent on the patency of the cervix and how quickly the client recognizes the problem. Ovariohysterectomy is still the treatment of choice; however, prostaglandin F2 alpha as a medical alternative in the management of pyometra is gaining more and more acceptance. The goal of prostaglandin F2 alpha therapy is to salvage the reproductive tract in the young breeding bitch or queen in the hopes of obtaining future litters. The results have been very promising, especially for bitches or queens with open-cervix pyometra. Prostaglandin F2 alpha appears to offer the owner a reasonable alternative in the management of pyometra.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Haemostatic abnormalities in canine Cushing's syndrome.

Selected parameters of the haemostatic system were evaluated in 12 consecutive cases of canine Cushing's syndrome. The dogs did not exhibit evidence of thromboembolic complications. Levels of factors V and X were increased significantly (P less than 0.01) and fibrinogen concentration was increased modestly (P less than 0.05) in these dogs. Levels of factors IX and VIII:C remained in the reference range. Antithrombin III (ATIII) and plasminogen concentrations were markedly elevated (P less than 0.001). The low factor VIII:C and elevated ATIII levels in the plasma were not consistent with characteristics of a hypercoagulable state. These results demonstrated that haemostatic abnormalities which occur in canine Cushing's syndrome do not necessarily represent a state predisposed to thrombosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Digestion of bentiromide and absorption of xylose in healthy cats and absorption of xylose in cats with infiltrative intestinal disease.

The digestion of bentiromide and the absorption of D-xylose was measured in 17 clinically healthy cats. The plasma xylose concentrations of the healthy cats were compared with values from 9 cats with diffuse infiltrative intestinal disease. The cats were administered 16.7 mg of bentiromide/kg and 0.5 g of xylose/kg via a stomach tube. Plasma samples were obtained before administration and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after administration. The maximum mean plasma p-aminobenzoic acid concentration occurred at 60 minutes, with a value of 386 +/- 134 micrograms/dl (mean +/- SD). The maximum mean plasma xylose concentration also occurred at 60 minutes, with a value of 26.0 +/- 9.2 mg/dl. Plasma concentrations of p-aminobenzoic acid and xylose were lower in healthy cats than those reported for healthy dogs. There was no significant difference between xylose concentrations in healthy cats and cats with infiltrative intestinal disease.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of a combined dexamethasone suppression/ACTH stimulation test in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism.

Twenty-one dogs with hyperadrenocorticism were studied. Six dogs had functioning adrenocortical tumors and 15 had pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Each dog was evaluated, using endogenous plasma ACTH, ACTH stimulation, dexamethasone screening, dexamethasone suppression, and combined dexamethasone suppression/ACTH stimulation tests. The ACTH stimulation portion of the combined test was less reliable as a screening test in diagnosing hyperadrenocorticism than was the isolated ACTH stimulation test or the dexamethasone screening test. The dexamethasone suppression portion of the combined test was less reliable in distinguishing dogs with adrenocortical tumors from those with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism than was the endogenous ACTH or isolated dexamethasone suppression test. The combined test is not recommended for use. The ACTH stimulation test is the recommended screening test because of its diagnostic reliability and its subsequent importance as a base line in determining success of mitotane therapy.

Adrenal Cortex Function Tests↗
PubMed1985

Effect of o,p'DDD therapy on endogenous ACTH concentrations in dogs with hypophysis-dependent hyperadrenocorticism.

The effect of o,p'DDD therapy on the endogenous plasma ACTH concentration was evaluated in 15 dogs with hypophysis-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Adequate control of hyperadrenocorticism with o,p'DDD was based on the reduction of water consumption to within the normal range, disappearance of clinical signs of lethargy, weakness, alopecia, thin skin, or pendulous abdomen, and an increase in blood cortisol below the normal range after exogenous ACTH administration. Endogenous ACTH concentrations were determined for each dog after the disease was controlled and while they were given o,p'DDD on a maintenance schedule. Endogenous ACTH concentrations increased in 14 of 15 dogs after o,p'DDD therapy, indicating a lack of suppressive effects of o,p'DDD on hypophysis ACTH secreting cells.

Adrenal Cortex Function Tests↗
PubMed1984

Radioactive iodine therapy in cats with hyperthyroidism.

Eleven cats with hyperthyroidism were treated with radioactive iodine (131I). Previous unsuccessful treatments for hyperthyroidism included hemithyroidectomy (2 cats) and an antithyroid drug (7 cats). Two cats had no prior treatment. Thyroid scans, using technetium 99m, showed enlargement and increased radionuclide accumulation in 1 thyroid lobe in 5 cats and in both lobes in 6 cats. Serum thyroxine concentrations were high and ranged from 4.7 to 18 micrograms/dl. Radioactive iodine tracer studies were used to determine peak radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) and effective and biological half-lives. Activity of 131I administered was calculated from peak RAIU, effective half-life, and estimated thyroid gland weight. Activity of 131I administered ranged from 1.0 to 5.9 mCi. The treatment goal was to deliver 20,000 rad to hyperactive thyroid tissue. However, retrospective calculations based on peak RAIU and effective half-life obtained during the treatment period showed that radiation doses actually ranged from 7,100 to 64,900 rad. Complete ablation of the hyperfunctioning thyroid tissue and a return to euthyroidism were seen in 7 cats. Partial responses were seen in 2 cats, and 2 cats became hypothyroid. It was concluded that 131I ablation of thyroid tumors was a reasonable alternative in the treatment of hyperthyroidism in cats. The optimal method of dosimetry remains to be determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Hypoadrenocorticism.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adrenal Insufficiency↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of canine pyometra and endometritis with prostaglandin F2 alpha.

Seventeen bitches with pyometra or postpartum endometritis were treated with prostaglandin F2 alpha. Response to the treatment included cessation of uterine discharge, decrease in uterine diameter, reduction in plasma progesterone concentration, and return of a normal leukogram. Treatment of 14 bitches was successful, and 13 of these bitches subsequently experienced estrus. Of those 13 bitches, 11 were bred and 9 became pregnant. In 2 bitches, pyometra developed again, within 6 weeks of the following estrus, illustrating that bitches so affected are susceptible to recurrence of the disease. Of 4 bitches with closed cervix, one failed to respond to treatment, and two bitches with closed cervix required ovariohysterectomy shortly after instituting treatment.

Animals↗