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Biomedical subjects

E C Feldman

Publications and source records attributed to E C Feldman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Pituitary tumor size, neurologic signs, and relation to endocrine test results in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism: 43 cases (1980-1990).

Pituitary neoplasm was identified in 43 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism via necropsy (n = 33), diagnostic imaging with computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (n = 5), or diagnostic imaging and necropsy (n = 5). All dogs had clinical signs and clinicopathologic test results typical of hyperadrenocorticism. Thirty-seven dogs had grossly visible pituitary tumors, and 6 dogs had microscopic pituitary tumors. Fifteen dogs had developed neurologic signs typical of those resulting from an enlarging pituitary mass. Twenty-three dogs had pituitary tumors greater than or equal to 1 cm in diameter. Provocative testing of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis was performed on all dogs. Dogs with grossly visible pituitary tumors and dogs with neurologic signs had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher mean plasma endogenous ACTH concentrations, compared with values from dogs with microscopic tumors and dogs without neurologic signs, respectively. Dogs with grossly visible pituitary tumors and dogs with tumors greater than or equal to 1 cm in diameter had significantly (P less than 0.05) lower adrenocortical responsiveness to exogenous ACTH, compared with dogs with microscopic pituitary tumors and dogs with tumors less than 1 cm in diameter, respectively. Despite these differences, there was overlap between test results among dogs. On the basis of endocrine test results, it would appear difficult to distinguish dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and large pituitary tumors from those with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and microscopic pituitary tumors prior to onset of neurologic signs.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of mitotane treatment for adrenal tumor versus pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs.

The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity of dogs with hyperadrenocorticism to treatment with the adrenocorticolytic agent mitotane. Specifically, we looked for differences in response to treatment using this drug in dogs with adrenocortical tumors (adrenal tumor hyperadrenocorticism, ATH) vs those with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). For inclusion in this study, each dog must have had clinical signs, data base laboratory abnormalities, and endocrine screening test results consistent with the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism. Further, each dog had to have been treated for at least 6 months with mitotane and have histologic evidence for adrenocortical or pituitary neoplasia (all dogs were necropsied). Thirteen dogs with ATH (8 carcinomas, 5 adenomas) were identified. The ages and body weights of these 13 dogs were computer-matched to 13 dogs with PDH. All dogs were initially treated with approximately 50 mg of mitotane/kg/d of body weight. Reexaminations were performed after 7, 30, 90, and 180 days of treatment. Individual dosages varied widely after the initial 5 to 12 days of treatment. The mean (+/- SD) dose of mitotane (mg/kg/d) for the first 7 days of treatment was 47.5 +/- 9.4 for dogs with ATH vs 45.7 +/- 11.9 for dogs with PDH. The mean plasma cortisol concentrations 1 hour after ACTH administration at the 7-day recheck were significantly higher in dogs with ATH (502 +/- 386 nmol/L) than in dogs with PDH (88 +/- 94 nmol/L).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

Urine cortisol:creatinine ratio as a screening test for hyperadrenocorticism in dogs.

A urine cortisol:creatinine (c:c) ratio, determined from a free-catch morning sample, was evaluated in each of 83 dogs as a screening test for hyper-adrenocorticism. The dogs evaluated were allotted to 3 groups, including 20 healthy dogs, 40 dogs with confirmed hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), and 23 dogs with polyuria and polydipsia not attributable to HAC (polyuria/polydipsia group; PU/PD). Overlap in the urine c:c ratios (mean +/- SEM), comparing results from the healthy dogs (5.7 x 10(-6) +/- 0.9) with those from the HAC dogs (337.7 x 10(-6) +/- 72.0) was not found. However, 11 (64%) of the 18 values from the PU/PD dogs (42.6 x 10(-6) +/- 9.4) were above the lowest ratio in the HAC group and 50% of the HAC group had a urine c:c ratio below the highest value in the PU/PD group. When the mean urine c:c ratio (+/- 2 SD) for the group of healthy dogs was used as a reference range, 100% of the HAC dogs and 18 (77%) of 23 dogs in the PU/PD group had abnormal urine c:c ratios. The sensitivity of the urine c:c ratio to discriminate dogs with HAC was 100%. The specificity of the urine c:c ratio was 22% and its diagnostic accuracy was 76%. On the basis of our findings, a urine c:c ratio within the reference range provides strong evidence to rule out HAC. However, abnormal urine c:c ratios are obtained from dogs with clinical diseases other than HAC. Therefore, measurement of a urine c:c ratio should not be used as the sole screening test to confirm a diagnosis of HAC.

Adrenocortical Hyperfunction↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of pyometra in cats, using prostaglandin F2 alpha: 21 cases (1982-1990).

Treatment with prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was evaluated in 21 queens with open-cervix pyometra. The PGF2 alpha was administered (0.1 or 0.25 mg/kg of body weight, sc, q 12 to 24 h) for 3 or 5 days. Transient postinjection reactions caused by PGF2 alpha administration included vocalization, panting, restlessness, grooming, tenesmus, salivation, diarrhea, kneading, mydriasis, emesis, urination, and lordosis. Reactions began as quickly as 30 seconds after PGF2 alpha administration and lasted as long as 60 minutes. All queens improved clinically after PGF2 alpha treatment. One month after completion of the initial series, 1 queen required a second series of PGF2 alpha injections before pyometra resolved. Of 21 queens, 20 (95%) resumed normal estrous cycles without further treatment and 17 (81%) delivered normal litter(s). Use of PGF2 alpha is an acceptable treatment for open-cervix pyometra in queens.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effect of glipizide on serum insulin and glucose concentrations in healthy cats.

With the recent identification of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in cats, new possibilities arise for the use of oral hypoglycaemic agents in the treatment of feline NIDDM, similar to their use in humans. To identify the future applicability of the oral hypoglycaemic agent, glipizide, in the treatment of feline NIDDM, its effects on serum insulin and glucose concentrations in healthy cats was examined. In addition, adverse effects seen clinically or on bloodwork following short-term use of the drug were looked for. Serum insulin and glucose concentrations were evaluated after the oral administration of 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg glipizide and placebo in 10 healthy cats. For each drug trial, blood was obtained five minutes before, immediately before, and 7.5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after glipizide or placebo administration. Mean serum insulin concentration increased after glipizide administration, with peak mean serum insulin concentration occurring 15 minutes after administration and declining to baseline by 60 minutes. There was no significant difference in peak mean serum insulin concentration, mean serum insulin concentration at 60 minutes after glipizide administration, or mean total insulin secretion between the three glipizide dosages. Mean serum glucose concentration decreased within 15 minutes of glipizide administration, with the glucose nadir occurring 60 minutes after glipizide administration. Placebo trials showed no significant change in mean serum insulin or glucose concentrations from baseline concentrations.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of serum fructosamine concentration as an index of blood glucose control in cats with diabetes mellitus.

Fructosamine, a glycated serum protein, was evaluated as an index of glycemic control in normal and diabetic cats. Fructosamine was determined manually by use of a modification of an automated method. The within-run precision was 2.4 to 3.2%, and the day-to-day precision was 2.7 to 3.1%. Fructosamine was found to be stable in serum samples stored for 1 week at 4 C and for 2 weeks at -20 C. The reference range for serum fructosamine concentration in 31 clinically normal colony cats was 2.19 to 3.47 mmol/L (mean, 2.83 +/- 0.32 mmol/L). In 27 samples from 16 cats with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, the range for fructosamine concentration was 3.04 to 8.83 mmol/L (mean, 5.93 +/- 1.35 mmol/L). Fructosamine concentration was directly and highly correlated to blood glucose concentration. Fructosamine concentration also remained high in consort with increased blood glucose concentration in cats with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus over extended periods. It is concluded that measurement of serum fructosamine concentration can be a valuable adjunct to blood glucose monitoring to evaluate glycemic control in diabetic cats. The question of whether fructosamine can replace glucose for monitoring control of diabetes mellitus requires further study.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Relation of fructosamine to serum protein, albumin, and glucose concentrations in healthy and diabetic dogs.

The relation of the glycated serum protein, fructosamine, to serum protein, albumin, and glucose concentrations was examined in healthy dogs, dogs with hypo- or hyperproteinemia, and diabetic dogs. Fructosamine was determined by use of an adaptation of an automated kit method. The reference range for fructosamine in a composite group of control dogs was found to be 1.7 to 3.38 mmol/L (mean +/- SD, 2.54 +/- 0.42 mmol/L). Fructosamine was not correlated to serum total protein, but was highly correlated to albumin in dogs with hypoalbuminemia. To normalize the data with respect to albumin, it is suggested that the lower limit of the reference range for albumin concentration (2.5 g/dl) be used for adjustment of fructosamine concentration and only in hypoalbuminemic dogs. In 6 hyperglycemic diabetic dogs, fructosamine concentration was well above the reference range. It is concluded that although fructosamine may be a potentially useful guide to assess the average blood glucose concentration over the preceding few days in dogs, further study is required to establish its value as a guide to glucose control in diabetic dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Serum free thyroxine concentration in healthy dogs, dogs with hypothyroidism, and euthyroid dogs with concurrent illness.

Serum free thyroxine (fT4), thyroxine (T4), and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were determined in 62 healthy dogs, 51 dogs with hypothyroidism, and 59 euthyroid dogs with concurrent dermatopathy or concurrent illness for which hypothyroidism was a diagnostic consideration. Status of thyroid function was based on history, physical findings, results of thyrotropin response testing, requirement for thyroid hormone replacement therapy, and in 31 dogs, on results of histologic examination of a thyroid gland biopsy specimen. Serum fT4 concentration was determined, using a single-stage radioimmunoassay. Mean (+/- SD) serum fT4 concentration was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in healthy dogs vs dogs with hypothyroidism (0.51 +/- 0.27 ng/dl vs 0.10 +/- 0.07 ng/dl). Significant difference in mean serum fT4 concentration was not evident between dogs with hypothyroidism and euthyroid dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (0.16 +/- 0.13 ng/dl) or peripheral neuropathy (0.19 +/- 0.10 ng/dl). Mean serum fT4 concentration in all other groups of euthyroid dogs with concurrent illness was similar to values in healthy dogs and was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater, compared with values in dogs with hypothyroidism. Similar results were found for mean serum T4 concentration. Comparison of serum fT4 vs T4 concentration revealed: sensitivity, 0.97 vs 0.98; specificity, 0.78 vs 0.73; predictive value for a positive test result, 0.79 vs 0.80; predictive value for a negative test result, 0.97 vs 0.97; and accuracy, 0.78 vs 0.86, respectively. Ten (17%) and 12 (20%) of 59 serum fT4 and T4 concentrations, respectively, were inappropriately low in euthyroid dogs with concurrent illness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenocortical Hyperfunction↗