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Biomedical subjects

E C Egan

Publications and source records attributed to E C Egan.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

The development of Taiwanese Elderly Stressor Inventory.

The purpose of this study was to develop a stressor inventory for use with a population of elderly Taiwanese people that allows the respondent to rate the degree of stressfulness of each stressor experienced, based on a transactional stress model. Thirty-three subjects identified stressors experienced from age 65 onwards. Seventy-three stressors were identified and listed in the instrument. Inter-rater agreement on the content was > or = 0.90. The psychometric properties of the instrument was established among 351 elderly Taiwanese subjects. In determining the stability of stressfulness, the generalizability coefficient for the relative decisions was 0.90 and generalizability coefficient for the absolute decision was 0.90. As to stability of stressor frequency, the generalizability coefficients for both the relative and absolute decisions was 0.72. Construct validity of the instrument was provided by a correlation of 0.59 with state-anxiety, of 0.56 with negative affect, and -0.28 with positive affect. Further refinement of the toll is in progress.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Defining nursing interventions.

Nurses are giving increasing attention to independent nursing interventions. However, numerous conceptualizations of interventions have evolved and are being used. The purpose of this essay is to examine some of the existing definitions and classification systems for interventions and to provide a rationale for a common universal language for nursing interventions. Definitions and approaches used in five intervention classification systems are examined in relation to inclusion of assessment and evaluation activities, autonomy, level of conceptualization, and inclusiveness of intervention labels. Lack of a common intervention language can deter international collaboration, development of a scientific basis for practice, and reimbursement for nursing services.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Interventions for decreasing agitation behaviors in persons with dementia.

1. High stress is one of the possible causes of agitation behaviors in persons with dementia; use of stress management interventions may be helpful in reducing the stress level. 2. Two nursing interventions, hand massage and therapeutic touch, were effective in producing a relaxation response in persons with dementia who had a history of agitation behaviors; they did not, however, decrease agitation behavior. 3. Hand massage was more effective in producing relaxation than was therapeutic touch.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

An instrument for measuring differentiated nursing practice.

Newman's trilevel model of professional nursing practice specifies the roles of staff nurse, team leader and clinician/case manager. Essential elements of the roles are time and place orientation, assignment of clients, nursing observation and communication and nursing interventions. A pilot study to establish validity, clarity and fit of items was administered to three groups of nurses to fit the trilevel model categories through assessment of their job descriptions. Percentage of response indicated the instrument's ability to differentiate the roles.

Educational Status↗
PubMed1994

Description of a stressful encounter: appraisal, threat, and challenge.

The purpose of this study was to examine a potentially stressful event for students, the midterm examination, using the Lazarus transactional stress model. At two time periods during an academic term, 50 students responded to questionnaires focused on the midterm examination and its outcome. Responses were used to identify changes in appraisals, personal stakes, perceptions of threat and challenge; to determine these variables' relations to each other and to the examination grade; and to determine the best predictors of threat, challenge, and grade. Results indicated that threat and challenge perceptions were the only variables that changed as the situation evolved; they were negatively correlated. The best predictor of threat and challenge was control, while the only variable that correlated with grade was harm.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Improving peer relationships through contracting in primary nursing.

Effective peer group relationships are essential in both primary nursing and the peer review process. Yet professional peer behaviors are frequently lacking in primary nursing groups. These authors believe that if some of the problems in peer relationships are not resolved, primary nursing could be doomed to failure. Here they discuss the concept of "peer contracting" as a potentially useful method for facilitating the development of more professional peer group relationships. From their experience with peer contracting, they present some practical considerations regarding its use and value. Their discussion raises some critical points concerning problems in peer group relationships, and it stimulates further exploration of the nature, use, and implications of peer contracting as a vehicle that can help primary nursing realize its potential.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗