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Biomedical subjects

E Burns

Publications and source records attributed to E Burns.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Effect of ethanol on synaptosomal sialic acid metabolism in the developing rat brain.

The total, glycoprotein-bound and glycolipid-bound sialic acid concentration, ad the activities of ecto-sialyltransferase and neuraminidase were determined in synaptosomes from preweanling ethanol-treated and control rats. The period of treatment corresponded to that of maximal synaptogenesis and peak synthesis of sialoglycocompounds (days 27-37 postconception). The average of the peak blood ethanol concentration was 271 mg/100 ml. In the ethanol-treated animals the sialic acid concentration was significantly reduced (approximately 20%) with an equally distributed decrease of glycoprotein- and glycolipid-bound sialic acid. The activity of ecto-sialyltransferase with asialofetuin as exogeneous acceptor was significantly diminished (about 30%) in the ethanol-treated pups. Neuraminidase showed an unchanged activity after correction for the reduction of endogeneous sialic acid substrate concentration. The total protein and lipid concentrations of the synaptosomal preparations did not differ between the groups. These results suggest that ethanol treatment during on of the vulnerable periods of brain development causes an inhibition of the incorporation of sialic acid into synaptosomal membrane-bound sialoglycocompounds. Such an effect of ethanol exposure might disturb intercellular interactions and the functional performance of the membrane during development, and could be of importance in the pathogenesis of the central nervous system manifestations of the fetal alcohol syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Skin tests for coeliac disease employing fractions of a gliadin digest.

Gliadin sub-fractions have been tested by intradermal injection in 19 adult patients with coeliac disease in remission and in 19 healthy adult controls. Fraction 3, obtained by SP Sephadex chromatography of a peptic-tryptic digest of gliadin, produced strong reactions (areas of erythema greater than 1 cm2) in 13 of the patients. Weak or negative reactions to fraction 3 were produced in the remaining patients, including 2 patients who were currently on prednisolone therapy in addition to a gluten-free diet. There was no correlation between time on a gluten free diet and severity of reaction in the patients not on prednisolone therapy. A strong reaction was observed with only one control and in the remaining controls all reactions were negative. Other fractions produced strong reactions in comparatively few patients. Skin tests using Fraction 3 could thus form part of the diagnosis for coeliac disease and could lead to a knowledge of the composition of the peptides which are important in the aetiology of this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Cerebral hemodynamics evaluation.

The cerebral hemodynamic evaluation is the embodiment of a system approach to the hemodynamic factors that affect brain blood flow. The stresses employed are those encountered in everyday living. The instruments are simple and the method is basic. The importance of the cardiovascular response to the upright position and of brain perfusion to head motion deserves close attention in the clinical setting. The CHE complements the angiogram, the CT scan, and CT-rBBC studies by addressing the system and arterial hemodynamic factors affecting brain circulation. The CT-rBBC studies have given greater validity and direction to noninvasive and electrophysiologic testing because the ultimate concern is brain perfusion and function and not the angiogram. This combination of techniques has defined the role of the dynamic arterial obstruction and the vertebral artery in the hemodynamics of the brain. The cerebral hemodynamic evaluation is an integral part of the physiologic approach to the diagnosis and treatment of brain ischemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Effects of verbal and pictorial materials on retarded youngsters' memory for information.

The effects of full and partial verbalization of information contained in pictures and of full verbalization without pictures on retarded youngsters' memory for information were examined. The subjects were 30 educable retardates and 30 normal controls. The results indicated that facilitation of recall for 13- to 15-yr.-old mentally retarded youngsters will occur with the use of pictures only if the aspects of the picture which are to be remembered are verbalized. The relevance of the findings for high-interest low-vocabulary textbooks for the retarded were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Effects of restricted sampling on ITPA scaled scores.

The Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA) has received considerable attention as an instrument which can be used to assess and prescribe for individual learning problems. The ITPA was standardized on what was regarded as an "average" sample. One major criterion for determining "average" was an IQ between 84 and 116 on the abbreviated 1960 Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Form L-M. In the present study, the effects of restricted sampling on the basis of IQ were examined, with the use of a simulation model. The results revealed that restricted sampling distorted certain derived scores, exaggerated mean dispersion scores, and made the analysis of individual profiles all but impossible. Restricted sampling was discussed in relation to the ITPA.

Humans↗