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Biomedical subjects

E Brunner

Publications and source records attributed to E Brunner.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Radiodiagnosis of temporal bone anomalies].

The X-ray findings in temporal bone anomalies are reviewed. Radiological procedure and examination technique are presented, as are symptoms of important anomalies. The methods available are plain film X-ray of temporal bone, multi-directional tomography, and high-resolution CT. Although some of the abnormalities are visible even in plain films, consistent use of conventional tomography or CT is necessary for correct diagnosis. This procedure is indicated not only when an abnormality is clinically obvious, but also in all cases of unexplained hearing loss without evidence of acquired disease. The advantage of CT over conventional tomography is that soft tissue anomalies, such as primary cholesteatoma or tumor simulating vascular abnormalities, can be demonstrated. In these cases CT is obligatory.

Cochlea↗
PubMed1987

[Insulin therapy of obese diabetic patients? Consequences for the evaluation of insulin secretion and metabolic behavior].

UNLABELLED: In 83 diabetics insulin secretion was examined after a mean diabetes duration of 7.5 years, when an insufficient metabolic situation could be found. Insulin secretion was stimulated with 100 g glucose (orally) and 1.0 mg glucagon i.v. (60 min after glucose intake). We investigated additionally in a retrospective manner blood-glucose and urine glucose behaviour as well as the development of the body weight. In dependence of the actual body weight at the time of investigation of insulin secretion, two groups were formed: b. w. less than 120% acc. Broca index, group A, n = 38; b. w. greater than 120% acc. Broca index. group B, n = 45). Immediately after manifestation of the disease 71 diabetes were treated with pure dietetic measures. At the examination of insulin secretion all patients were treated with glibenclamide. After this examination in 20 patients of the group A and in 17 patients of the group B an insulinisation was started. In the others glibenclamide treatment was continued. The general characteristics of the whole group was a significant reduction of the maximum stimulability of insulin secretion, compared with the insulin secretion of n = 19 healthy probands (11 probands with normal body weight and 8 obese probands). A hyperinsulinism (maximum values higher than mean + 1 s of the health persons) could not be found in any case. The mean of the maximum insulin values was below mean - 1 s of the healthy persons. Insulinisation provoked an improvement of the metabolic situation. This was correlated with an additional improvement of the subjective behaviour. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of insulin secretion in obese diabetics with bad metabolic situation is necessary to find out those who are to be treated with insulin. We have no clinical or other possibilities to recognize patients with a hyperinsulinism or reduced insulin secretion than by evaluation of insulin secretion alone. But higher degrees of decompensated metabolism are nearly always explained by a significant reduction of insulin secretion.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1987

[Does pure-tone audiometry provide inferences for a vascular cause of sudden deafness?].

The theory that sudden hearing loss is caused by some form of vascular catastrophe has not been confirmed by pathological evidence, but it agrees with a number of clinical observations. But there are several pieces of experimental and clinical evidence that cast serious doubt upon a vascular hypothesis, especially the considerable variability in site and degree of cochlear and vestibular impairment. A review of the vascular anatomy of the inner ear makes it clear that many clinically observed audiometric patterns and associated partial vestibular deficits in idiopathic sudden hearing loss cannot be explained by assigning a site of presumed vascular occlusion. We investigated 166 pure tone audiograms of patients with idiopathic sudden hearing loss by using the statistical method of cluster analysis, which allow an explanation based on the vascular anatomy. Three types of audiograms could be found which differed not in shape but in the degree of hearing loss. None of them can be explained by the vascular anatomy. The three groups of audiograms with different degrees of hearing loss allowed investigations of the influence of age, sex, vestibular disturbance and vascular disease. Men are more often affected, the degree of the hearing loss is not dependent on age, vestibular disturbance, vascular disease, diabetes or smoking. The prognosis for sudden hearing loss is independent of all the investigated parameters. Our findings support the conclusion that a vascular hypothesis cannot adequately explain the clinical findings in idiopathic sudden hearing loss.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1986

[High-resolution sonography after surgery of cystadenoma lymphomatosum of the parotid gland].

Clinical and sonographic examinations were carried out on 38 patients who had undergone excision of a parotid gland for adenolymphomas and the results were compared. In 23 of these patients (60%) sonography showed further tumours on the same or opposite side, or bilaterally. The incidence of multiple tumours is therefore significantly higher than has been assumed so far. In 76% of patients, sonography showed clinically occult cystadenoma lymphomatosum. Only 14% of tumours smaller than 12 mm were detected clinically. In four patients, tumours larger than 12 mm, but lying deep in the gland were missed on palpation. In view of the frequency of multi-local or bilateral tumours, sonography of both parotids should be performed if there is clinical suspicion of a parotid tumour.

Adenolymphoma↗
PubMed1986

[Significance of computerized tomography in middle ear diagnosis].

Due to the important improvement represented by the latest computed tomography (CT) technology in respect of detail and excellent contrast resolution normal and pathological structures of the inner and middle ear can be visualised. The clinical and diagnostic value of CT in comparison to standard x-rays and tomography is prospectively evaluated on the basis 74 patient examinations. Today CT is unsurpassed in the diagnosis of cholesteatomas and glomus tumours and ranks first among all imaging modalities. Chronic inflammatory diseases and deformities of the middle ear can be evaluated in most cases on the basis of standard x-rays and tomography. The importance of CT is primarily complementary, except in preoperative cases. Fractures should be visualised first via standard x-rays. In cases of questionable complications (e.g. tympanic or intracranial haematomas), CT should be the next step. Conventional tomograms are not necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Computerized tomography in middle ear diagnosis--a comparison with conventional methods].

Due to important improvement in detail resolution and the excellent contrast resolution, in the newest computed tomography (CT) units, normal and pathologic structures of the inner and middle ear can be visualized. The clinical value of CT in comparison to standard X-rays and tomography is prospectively evaluated on the basis of 50 patient examinations. Today CT is unsurpassed in the diagnosis of cholesteatomas and glomus tumors and is superior to all other imaging techniques. Chronic inflammatory diseases of the middle ear can be evaluated in most cases on the basis of standard X-rays and tomography. CT's importance is primarily complementary, except for preoperative cases. Fractures should be visualized first on standard X-rays. If questionable complications are involved (e.g., tympanic or intracranial hematomas), CT should be the next step. Conventional tomograms are not necessary.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed1984

[Long-term course of type I-simulating type II-diabetes mellitus].

In only few cases of primarily non- insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus after many years an absolute insulin dependency can develop. Within 5000 patients of a diabetic outpatient clinic in 2 years this happened in 21 patients. These patients offered a C-peptide-secretion after stimulation which was typical for an insulin dependent diabetes. The investigation of HLA-frequencies showed a marked increase of the DR 3 und DR 4 loci. These results demonstrate that obviously the genetically as type I characterized diabetes may appear clinically in the picture of type II-diabetes for many years. This must be taken in consideration in therapeutic or epidemiologic questions.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1980

HLA-antigens in acute and chronic pancreatitis.

HLA-A and B-antigens were determined in 22 patients with acute and in 65 patients with chronic pancreatitis as well as in 165 healthy controls. There was a tendency of over- and underrepresentation of certain antigens indicating that there may be a genetically linked susceptibility of some patients to acute and chronic pancreatitis respectively. For further evaluation of these tendencies on a larger scale a multi-centre study is required.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Varying sensitivity of Gram-negative bacteria in the urine to nitrofurantoin itself, to combined nitrofurantoin-sulphadiazine and combined sulphonamide-trimethoprim (author's transl)].

In connexion with the compound produce, nitrofurantoin sulphadiazine (ratio 1:3), it was questioned whether the relative disc (ratio 1:1, produced by BBL-USA on the findings of Tiesler, 1969), should be incorporated in the routine testing of urinary bacteria in addition to the testing of pure nitrofurantoin. Since pure sulphonamide is not in our routine test programme the sulphonamide-trimethoprim combination was also included in the study at a later time on the basis of initial results. Statistical analysis showed the overall superiority of the combination of nitrofurantoin with sulphadiazine and, moreover, a significant difference in sensitivity of E. coli in comparison with problematic gram-negative bacteria where the sensitivity values and likewise, the discordance quota were markedly higher for the compound preparation. The sulphonamide-trimethoprim combination proved even less effective and demonstrated a higher level of discordance than with pure nitrofurantoin. Annually about 45% of all examined urinary samples yield gram-negative bacteria posing therapeutic problems. Hence, the nitrofurantoin-sulphadiazine compound product (BBL-disc) was incorporated in our routine test programme.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1978

The etiology of neurosensory hearing defects in preterm infants.

We retrospectively investigated the influence of gestational age, perinatal risk, and the duration of incubator care periods in 193 surviving preterm infants with a gestational age between 28 and 36 weeks raised in our intensive care nursery incubators from 1965--1967. 24 (12.4%) of the children showed definite neurosensory hearing defects, which were particularly encountered in the high frequencies. No correlation could be substantiated between hearing difficulties and hyperbilirubinemia, streptomycin application and gestational age. This study does not support the assumption that the duration of noise exposure in currently used incubators is a major determinant for the development of deafness in otherwise healthy preterm infants. Our study did show, however, a strong correlation between the sum of all perinatal risk factors and neurosensory hearing loss.

Audiometry↗