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E Brown

Publications and source records attributed to E Brown.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
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Body composition in Chinese subjects: comparison with data from North America.

A multiple tracer dilution method measuring total body water, extracellular water, plasma volume, and red cell volume was used to study body composition. Healthy Chinese subjects were compared to a group of Chinese patients with various newly diagnosed gastrointestinal disorders scheduled for elective operation. Compositional data obtained from these groups showed no significant differences in compartmentalization, suggesting absence of major changes during the early stages of certain gastrointestinal diseases. In addition, healthy Chinese subjects were compared to a group of healthy Americans previously evaluated by similar dilutional methods. In males, body weight (kg) differed considerably (Chinese = 62.1 +/- 2.0 versus American = 72.5 +/- 4.1, p less than 0.02) and could be explained by alterations in body fat (Chinese = 12.4 +/- 1.3 versus American = 19.2 +/- 2.2, p less than 0.02) and extracellular water (Chinese = 14.4 +/- 0.5 versus American = 16.8 +/- 0.8, p less than 0.02). Functional tissue ("body cell mass") was similar in the 2 groups which suggested that Chinese have comparable body composition without an additional fat burden. The multiple tracer technique using deuterium oxide, sodium bromide, Evans dye, and Cr51 for body compositional assessment is accurate but expensive and laborious. Therefore, equally precise but more economical bedside methods are needed for routine compositional analysis.

Adult↗
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[Preparation, stereochemical study and evaluation of the antileukemic activity of glucoside derivatives of (-)-steganol].

The optically active lignan (-)-steganol was prepared from natural (-)-steganacin by selective deacetylation and was transformed, via a three-step sequence, into the corresponding 4', 6'-O-ethylidene- and thenylidene-beta-D-glucopyranosides, 3b and 3c, respectively, which are the analogues, in the steganol series, of the podophyllotoxin derived, and clinically useful, anticancer drugs, VP16-213 and VM26. Formation of the dimeric compound distegyl ether as a minor by-product was established. Complete elucidation of all the asymmetric centres was performed with the help of high resolution 1H-nmr studies at 400 MHz, COSY experiment at 500 MHz and X-ray analysis. Contrary to the podophyllotoxin series, the glycosylation of (-)-steganol occurred with retention of configuration, and all the synthesized compounds, including distegyl ether, exhibited the starting natural R configuration at C-5.

Animals↗
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Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding human antihaemophilic factor.

A complete copy of the mRNA sequences encoding human coagulation factor VIII:C has been cloned and expressed. The DNA sequence predicts a single chain precursor of 2,351 amino acids with a relative molecular mass (Mr) 267,039. The protein has an obvious domain structure, contains sequence repeats and is structurally related to factor V and ceruloplasmin.

Animals↗
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Discriminability of fracture and nonfracture cases based on the spatial distribution of spinal bone mineral.

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study is to demonstrate that spinal mineral distribution measured with CT can distinguish normal from osteoporotic individuals. METHOD: CT studies of lumbar vertebrae (L1-L3) from 121 clinically normal women without fractures and 57 women with one or more atraumatic fractures somewhere in the skeleton were evaluated with discriminant analysis based on indices of the spatial distribution and noise properties of spinal bone mineral density (BMD). RESULTS: The use of discriminant analysis for all of the normal and osteoporotic women (L1-L3) resulted in a classification accuracy of 87.1% for fracture cases and 83.2% for nonfracture cases. In contrast, using the conventional method in the same patient population, 62.5% of BMD values of osteoporotics overlapped with those of normals whose BMD was below the 90th centile of osteoporotics. CONCLUSIONS: CT-based measures of the spinal mineral distribution can increase the accuracy of discriminating fracture and nonfracture cases almost to 90% accuracy, even in a region below the fracture threshold. This shows that in this region the risk of fracture is not completely random but has a stochastic component as well.

Adult↗
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Effect of intervertebral changes of the spinal trabecular and cortical mineral content on the precision requirements in longitudinal single and dual energy computed tomography examinations.

Statistical considerations related to the measuring and analyzing procedures in computed tomography (CT) scans indicate that determination of a 2.5% change in spinal mineral content (SMC) which is assumed necessary in clinical practice, requires a 0.9% combined precision in setting the location and direction of the scan plane through the vertebral body, and defining the region of interest. In single energy examinations the short-term precision of CT scanners was found to be sufficiently high to achieve this goal, but the variability due to subjective finding of scan direction requires the automation of slice selection and additional averaging of data from more than one scan slice. The precision of calcium images was much lower, and one conclusion of this study is that dual energy technology is not suitable for longitudinal examinations, where small changes in SMC have to be determined. The SMC of the vertebrae T12, L1, L2, and L3 as measured in 41 subjects was compared and a significant decrease in trabecular bone in single energy examinations and increase in cortical bone was found from T12 to L3. This suggests that the comparison of SMC data should be done over time for each vertebra separately, in order to preserve diagnostic information.

Adult↗
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