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Biomedical subjects

E Brown

Publications and source records attributed to E Brown.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Role of complement activation in a model of adult respiratory distress syndrome.

The adult respiratory distress syndrome is characterized by arterial hypoxemia as a result of increased alveolar capillary permeability to serum proteins in the setting of normal capillary hydrostatic pressures. Because bacterial sepsis is prominent among the various diverse conditions associated with altered alveolar capillary permeability, we studied the effect of bacteremia with attendant complement activation on the sequestration of microorganisms and the leakage of albumin in the lungs of guinea pigs. Pneumococci were injected intravenously into guinea pigs and their localization was studied. Unlike normal guinea pigs, complement-depleted guinea pigs did not localize injected bacteria to the lungs. Preopsonization of organisms did not correct this defect in pulmonary localization of bacteria in complement-depleted animals, suggesting that a fluid-phase component of complement activation was required. Genetically C5-deficient mice showed no pulmonary localization of bacteria. C5-sufficient mice demonstrated the usual pulmonary localization, thus further suggesting that the activation of C5 might be important in this localization. The infusion of activated C5 increased alveolar capillary permeability to serum proteins as assayed by the amount of radioactive albumin sequestered in the lung. Neutropenic animals did not develop altered capillary permeability after challenge with activated C5. Thus, complement activation through C5, in the presence of neutrophils, induces alterations in pulmonary alveolar capillary permeability and causes localization of bacteria to the pulmonary parenchyma. Complement activation in other disease states could potentially result in similar clinical manifestations.

Capillary Permeability↗
PubMed1979

Why I make false statements for my patients' sake.

Most patients regularly attending day centres for psychotherapy cannot work and rely on social security benefits for income. Author argues that declarations by patient and doctor of incapacity for work are harmful and advocates a system of grants, similar to those paid to students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Use of p-aminophenyl D and L-lactic acids and p-aminophenyl pyruvic acid as effectors in the affinity chromatography of lactate dehydrogenase.

p-Aminophenyl pyruvic acid and D-p-amino-phenyllactic acid were immobilized on a new synthetic acrylic carrier bearing acylating N-succinimidyl ester groups. The derivatives obtained were used successfully to purify lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) by affinity chromatography, the elution being carried out by means of NADH or preferably L-phenyllactic acid. Moreover, the specific activity of the LDH contained in a human blood serum was increased 270 times, using L-p-aminophenyllactic acid immobilized on a mixed polyacrylic agarose carrier.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Vestibular stimulation to improve ambulation after a cerebral vascular accident.

A pilot study was undertaken to determine if vestibular stimulation could be a valuable therapeutic measure in rehabilitating the patient who has had a cerebral vascular accident. Twenty patients with cerebral vascular accidents were tested. Changes in functional ambulation abilities of 10 patients receiving a passive vestibular exercise were compared with those of 10 patients not receiving this exercise. The vestibular stimulation was provided through a rotary stimulus that emphasized angular acceleration and deceleration. Patients who received the vestibular stimulation demonstrated greater improvement in functional ambulation than did patients who did not receive the stimulation.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Differential diagnosis of brown tumor vs. cystic osteitis by arteriography and computed tomography.

An expansile lytic lesion of bone can be either a brown tumor or a cyst when the patient has hyperparathyroidism. If weight-bearing bones are involved, the diagnosis must be made prior to parathyroidectomy in order to avert a possible pathological fracture. In the authors' patient, arteriography and computed tomography both demonstrated that the lesion in question was a brown tumor, which is hypervascular and clearly separable from a fluid-filled cyst; however, CT has the advantage of being a noninvasive procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The nurse practitioner and hypertension control: a pilot study.

Hypertension is the major health problem affecting blacks today. Socioecological stress is implicated in areas in which excess mortality exists. The nurse practitioner, whose role has been established in providing medical treatment for hypertension, also has a role in alleviating social stressors. The objective in this study was to determine the nurse practitioner's effectiveness in reducing stress and whether stress reduction resulted in blood pressure reduction. The results indicate that the nurse practitioner's intervention was effective--when patients complied with her suggestions both socioecological stress and blood pressure were significantly reduced.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1979

A close look at the demography of Afghanistan.

The first survey designed to allow estimates of the demographic characteristics of Afghanistan's sedentary population was conducted during the period 1972-1974. Our analysis of these data, based on recently developed techniques for handling imcomplete or inaccurate data, suggests that this population lives under conditions that are extreme when judged by modern standards. Marriage is early, especially for females, and universal. Marital fertility conforms to a pattern of natural fertility and total fertility is high. The birth rate is among the highest in the world today, and the expectation of life at birth is among the very lowest. Mortality is lower in urban areas than in rural areas, whereas total fertility is approximately the same in both. Our estimates of fertility and mortality imply stable populations which match closely the observed age distributions for both the rural and urban areas.

Afghanistan↗
PubMed1978

Sexual function and affect in parkinsonian men treated with L-dopa.

Using psychiatric interviews, sexual and affect rating scales, hormonal studies, and neurologic assessment, the authors assessed the effect of L-dopa treatment on men with Parkinson's disease. Patients demonstrated variable affect changes. Approximately one-half of the patients reported an increased sexual interest that was not related to improvement in locomotor function. Hormonal factors appeared to be involved. The findings suggest that male parkinsonian patients who possess an intact hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis experience increased sexual function related to L-dopa treatment.

Affect↗
PubMed1978

The effectiveness of sickle cell education in New York City public elementary schools.

The present study attempts to ascertain the effectiveness of the health education component of the Queens Hospital Center Sickle Cell Education & Screening Program. The study is limited to children in grades four through six in the New York City public school system. Such elementary school students, representing a large segment of the population, are easily accessible and can be effectively educated about sickle cell disease. The findings indicate that professional sickle cell educators can successfully teach young children about the disease and can do so more effectively than the average schoolteacher.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1977

Biochemical expression of the galactosemic defect in lymphocytes and the effects on glycoprotein synthesis.

Incorporation of radioactive galactose, fucose, mannose, glucosamine, and N-acetylmannosamine into acid-precipitable glycoproteins of purified peripheral blood lymphocytes froom three patients with congenital galactosemia, their healthy parents, and control subjects have been measured. In the galactosemic lymphocytes, the incorporation of galactose into acid-precipitable glycoproteins was less than 7% of values obtained with controls and the presumed heterozygotes. The incorporation of other sugars into the glycoprotein fraction did not differ significantly from normal. Attempts to demonstrate a deficiency in cell-surface galactose groups proved negative. Galactosemic lymphocytes responded well to galactose-binding mitogens and were fully sensitive to a galactose-binding toxic lectin. We conclude that a defect in the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase pathway to uridine diphosphate-galactose does not affect appreciably normal carbohydrate chain assembly in galactosemic lymphocytes. However, we cannot rule out minor changes which might account for the decreased responsiveness to serotonin in an experimental animal model of galactosemia. The approaches used in this paper may be useful in detecting other inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism.

Adolescent↗