Peptidergic (substance P) nerves in the genito-urinary tract.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
E Brodin
Publications and source records attributed to E Brodin.
Release of substance P-like immunoreactivity from the dental pulp.
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Animals↗
Localization of substance P-like immunoreactivity in mouse gut.
Substance P immunoreactivity has been demonstrated in the mouse gut in two distinctly different locations; in the myenteric plexus of the proximal colon as well as in endocrine-like cells of the duodenal and colonic mucosa.
Animals↗
Neurokinin A and substance P in striato-nigral neurons in rat brain.
The effect of an ibotenic acid lesion in rostral striatum on tissue levels of neurokinin A and substance P in striatum and substantia nigra was studied in rat brain. A total of 32 micrograms (10 mg/ml) ibotenic acid was injected in four positions to lesion striatal cell bodies rostral to bregma. The neurokinin A level was reduced to a third of the control value in striatum and to less than half of the control level in substantia nigra. Neurokinin A, in addition to substance P, is shown to be possibly present in striato-nigral neurons, which provides further evidence for the existence of a striato-nigral tachykinin pathway.
Animals↗
Immunohistochemical and chromatographic studies of peptides with tachykinin-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the lamprey.
The distribution and chemical properties of compounds with tachykinin-like immunoreactivity (TK-LI) in the spinal cord and brain of lampreys (Lampetra fluviatilis and Ichthyomyzon unicuspis) were investigated by means of immunohistochemistry and various chromatographic methods combined with radioimmunoassay. The distribution of TK immunoreactive fibers in the lamprey spinal cord was investigated with 13 different TK antisera which gave positive staining in pilot experiments. The antisera were raised against substance P (SP) (n = 6), physalaemin (PHY) (n = 1), neurokinin A (NKA) (n = 2), kassinin (KAS) (n = 2) or eledoisin (ELE) (n = 2). Pre-incubation of these antisera with their corresponding TKs abolished or reduced the immunostaining. Four different patterns of distribution were found with the 13 antisera, and they did not seem to be related to the TKs against which the antisera were raised. The different patterns could be explained by assuming the presence of the three different TKs. Six different antisera, raised against SP (n = 2), KAS (n = 2) or ELE (n = 2), were used for radioimmunoassay. The TK-LI material eluted as several separate components in various chromatographic systems. The central nervous system (CNS) of the lamprey did not contain measurable amounts of SP, NKA, neurokinin B (NKB), KAS or ELE. The present data imply that the lamprey CNS contains at least three different TKs probably different from SP, PHY, NKA, NKB, KAS or ELE; these are possibly new, not earlier described TKs. The three hypothetical TKs differ in their distribution.
Animals↗
Substance P- and CGRP-immunoreactive nerves in bone.
The present study demonstrates the occurrence of substance P (SP)- and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive nerve fibres in bone, bone marrow, periosteum, synovial membrane and soft tissues adjacent to the bone. The distribution pattern of the two types of nerves was similar, although the CGRP-positive fibres generally were more numerous. Both types of nerves were particularly abundant near the epiphyseal plate, in the bone marrow of patella and epiphyses, and in the periosteum. Many SP- and CGRP-immunoreactive fibres were also observed around blood vessels.
Animals↗
Canine myenteric, deep muscular, and submucosal plexus preparations of purified nerve varicosities: content and chromatographic forms of certain neuropeptides.
Partially purified nerve varicosities prepared from canine small intestinal myenteric, deep muscular and submucosal plexuses were found to contain, by radioimmunoassay, gastrin-releasing polypeptide (GRP), substance P, Leu-enkephalin, Met-enkephalin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and neurokinin A, but did not contain detectable amounts of neurokinin B. In all three plexus preparations, VIP was present in the highest concentration. In contrast to other species, GRP and the enkephalins were found to be present in relatively high concentrations in the submucosal plexus and GRP was present in low concentrations in the deep muscular plexus. Equal concentrations of substance P and neurokinin A were found in the myenteric and deep muscular plexus preparations but greater concentrations of substance P relative to neurokinin A were found in the submucosal plexus preparations. On reverse phase HPLC, a major peak of immunoreactivity occurred at the retention times of standard preparations for all six neuropeptides measured. Significant heterogeneity was found for GRP- and VIP-like immunoreactivity, especially in the submucosal plexus preparations. These partially purified canine small intestine nerve varicosity preparations may prove of value in studying release mechanisms for, and the posttranslational processing of, neuropeptides.
Animals↗
Tachykinin- and leucokinin-related peptides in the nervous system of the blowfly: immunocytochemical and chromatographical diversity.
We are interested in the presence and function in insects of neuropeptides related to the vertebrate tachykinins. Hence, we have used antisera raised against the tachykinins substance P and kassinin, and against the insect neuropeptide leucokinin I, for localization studies and immunochemical analysis of related peptides in the nervous system of the blowfly Phormia terraenovae. In radioimmunoassays (with antisera against kassinin and leucokinin I) used in combination with reverse-phase HPLC, it was shown that the antisera recognize immunoreactive material with distinctly hydrophobic properties and each antiserum appear to detect several forms of immunochemically related peptides. With immunocytochemistry it was shown that the kassinin and leucokinin antisera each reacted with material in a distinct set of neurons. The leucokinin-immunoreactive material is present both in interneurons and in neurosecretory cells, suggesting roles of native leucokinin-like peptides as neuromodulators in the nervous system and as neurohormones acting on peripheral targets. The kassinin immunoreactivity was seen in interneurons, but could not be conclusively localized in neurosecretory cells, possibly indicating a role only within the nervous system.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Origin and distribution of capsaicin-sensitive substance P-immunoreactive nerves in the nasal mucosa.
In immunohistochemical studies, substance P-immunoreactivity (SP-IR) was found in a population of trigeminal ganglion cells in guinea pig, rat and cat. SP-IR nerve endings were found in the spinal trigeminal nucleus, around sphenopalatine ganglion cells, around blood vessels, as well as under and within the epithelium of the nasal mucosa. Ligation and denervation experiments in the cat indicated that the SP-IR nerves in the sphenopalatine ganglion and the nasal mucosa are of trigeminal origin. Capsaicin pretreatment of guinea pigs and rats resulted in a selective loss of the SP-IR nerves in the nasal mucosa and sphenopalatine ganglion, while the parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves were still present.
Animals↗
Effects of nasal capsaicin pretreatment and cryosurgery on sneezing reflexes, neurogenic plasma extravasation, sensory and sympathetic neurons.
Local and systemic capsaicin pretreatment as well cryosurgery induced a long-lasting loss of sensory substance P-immunoreactive nerves in the guinea-pig nasal mucosa. In addition, cryosurgery caused a loss of noradrenergic sympathetic nerves, sclerosis of blood vessels, epithelial damage and fibrosis of the mucosa. The sneezing response to local application of capsaicin--but not that to nicotine--was reduced or abolished by capsaicin pretreatment and cryosurgery, while the response to tactile stimulation was unaffected. These effects were long-lasting and still present 2 months after treatment. Local capsaicin pretreatment of the nasal mucosa had no effects on the substance P levels or the Evans Blue extravasation response to i.v. capsaicin in the ureter, indicating that this treatment has no systemic effects on other afferent SP-neurons. It is suggested that local capsaicin pretreatment is a more selective and less traumatic method than cryosurgery to induce a long-lasting desensitization of the nasal mucosa to chemical irritants in hyperreactive disorders of the nose.
Animals↗
Autoradiographic quantitation and anatomical mapping of 125I-galanin binding sites in the rat central nervous system.
The distribution of 125I-galanin binding sites in the rat central nervous system was studied by the use of autoradiography, and the amount of peptide bound was determined by the use of microdensitometry. The amount of 125I-galanin bound in various CNS regions ranged from non detectable to 0.40 pmol per gramme tissue at a concentration of 1.5 nM 125I-galanin. The anatomical mapping revealed high density of binding sites in the telencephalon, where labelling was seen in the entorhinal, perirhinal and piriform cortices, in most septal nuclei, in the amygdala and in the hippocampal formation. In the diencephalon binding sites were densely accumulated in the hypothalamus, including the median eminence and periventricular nucleus as well as in the dorsal and medial thalamic nuclei. In the mesencephalon binding sites were seen in many nuclei including the dorsal raphe nucleus, the periaqueductal central grey and pars compacta of the substantia nigra. The pons/medulla revealed high density of binding sites in the locus coeruleus, parabrachial nuclei and in the dorsal vagal complex, while binding in the spinal cord was seen in laminae I, II and X as well as in the intermediolateral horn. The distribution of 125I-galanin binding sites corresponded well to the localization of the peptide as revealed in several earlier immunohistochemical and radioimmunoassay studies, as well as to several previously reported effects of galanin on central autonomic functions.
Animals↗