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Biomedical subjects

E Brand

Publications and source records attributed to E Brand.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Children's relationships with maternal grandparents: a longitudinal study of family structure and pubertal status effects.

This longitudinal study assessed the effects of parents' marital transitions and pubertal development on grandparent-grandchild relationships. 9- to 13-year-old children, their mothers, and maternal grandparents from 186 Caucasian, middle-class families including 73 intact families, 64 mother-custody, single-parent families and 49 stepfamilies completed questionnaires focusing on the degree of children's "relationship involvement" (perceived closeness and frequency of contact) with maternal grandparents at 2 time periods 13 months apart. Children also completed questionnaires 9 months later during a third interview. Grandparents, and especially grandfathers, were more involved with grandchildren from single-parent families (supporting the "latent function" hypothesis). The pubertal status results supported the "emotional distancing" hypothesis for grandfather-granddaughter relationships (higher pubertal status, less involvement) and the "stress buffer" hypothesis for grandsons' relationships with both grandparents (greater change in physical development, more involvement and greater perceived closeness).

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Pseudomyxoma peritoneii: treatment with the argon beam coagulator.

The argon beam coagulator facilitates tumor debulking of peritoneal carcinomatosis. A patient with pseudomyxoma peritoneii originating from the left ovary with multiple peritoneal and omental implants was treated with the argon beam coagulator, enabling ablation of all gross disease.

Cystadenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Cecal rupture after continent ileocecal urinary diversion during total pelvic exenteration.

Continent ureteral diversion at the time of pelvic exenteration avoids an external appliance and allows patients to retain "bladder" reservoir function. The technical difficulty of this procedure requires meticulous attention to operative and perioperative care, particularly after pelvic irradiation. A patient with recurrent stage IIIB carcinoma of the cervix underwent total pelvic exenteration with reconstructive procedures including low rectal anastomosis, neovagina formation, and ileocecal (Indiana) continent diversion. Early catheterization of the reservoir began 2 weeks postoperatively. One week later cecal rupture occurred, not related to suture line (technical) failure. Because of the high wall tension and reduced compliance in the irradiated cecum, we do not recommend catheterization of the urinary reservoir before 4-6 weeks. In order for continent diversion to become the standard diversion in exenteration patients, the major complication rate must remain comparable to that of noncontinent diversion.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1990

Photodynamic therapy of choriocarcinoma transplanted to the hamster cheek pouch. I. Intraperitoneal photosensitization.

Human choriocarcinoma (JEG-3) cells were transplanted into the cheek pouch of hamsters and treated with photodynamic therapy. Twenty-four hours after intraperitoneal injection of the photosensitizer dihematoporphyrin ether (DHE), 20 tumors were illuminated with 100 J/cm2 of 630-nm light from an argon pumped dye laser. Contralateral tumors served as controls. Dihematoporphyrin ether alone had no effect on tumor growth, while laser light in the absence of DHE resulted in complete regression in 3 tumors (17%), and partial regression in 4 of 18 tumors (22%), possibly due to hyperthermia, P greater than 0.10. Using the combination of DHE plus light (photodynamic therapy) complete tumor regression was noted after a single treatment in 11 of 20 tumors (55%, mean tumor volume 279 mm3) and in 7 of 7 tumors (100%) after a second treatment. Two of 20 tumors were not retreated. Therefore, 18 of 20 tumors (90%) were grossly destroyed by one or two photodynamic treatments. Contralateral control tumors continued to grow to a median volume of 990 mm3 (chi 2 = 26.30, P less than 0.0001). Choriocarcinoma transplanted into the hamster cheek pouch is highly responsive to photodynamic therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Electrosurgical debulking of ovarian cancer: a new technique using the argon beam coagulator.

Survival of ovarian adenocarcinoma patients depends on the size of the largest residual nodule at the end of debulking surgery. The argon beam coagulator (ABC) delivers radiofrequency current traveling in a beam of argon gas which facilitates tumor destruction and hemostasis. We used the ABC as an aid to cytoreduction in seven consecutive patients with stage III/IV ovarian cancer. Despite extensive disease, optimal debulking was achieved in all seven patients: four (57%) had no gross residual cancer; three had residual nodules of 2-3 mm. The ABC facilitated tumor destruction on the diaphragm, bowel wall and mesentery, presacral space, ureters, vagina, and iliac vessels. In addition, the ABC was used to "sterilize" surgical margins such as the vaginal cuff and rectosigmoid colon anastomoses. Five patients are currently alive, four disease free, with mean survival of 33 months since diagnosis. The ABC enables debulking of ovarian cancer in sites inaccessible to conventional resection.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1989

Photodynamic therapy of human choriocarcinoma transplanted to the hamster cheek pouch. II. Intra-lesional photosensitization.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses light-activated compounds, such as hematoporphyrins, to produce cytotoxic effects after illumination. Human choriocarcinoma cells were transplanted into the hamster cheek pouch to study PDT. The transplanted choriocarcinoma secretes human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in proportion to tumor volume. Red light (630 nm) from an argon-pumped dye laser (100-200 J/cm2) was used to illuminate tumors sensitized with dihematoporphyrin ether (DHE). Previous work has demonstrated complete regression (CR) of 90% of tumors (18/20) after one or two PDT sessions, while contralateral cheek pouch tumors continued to grow despite intraperitoneal DHE. Neither DHE nor laser light alone resulted in significant CRs. In this study we evaluated intratumoral injection of DHE followed in 2 hr by laser treatment. In all tumors, localization of DHE was demonstrated by induced fluorescence with ultraviolet light or He:Cd laser. After a single treatment, 14 of 38 tumors (37%) completely regressed (hCG less than mIU/ml); 4 tumors regressed grossly with low-level hCG [partial regression (PR)]. After repeat treatment there were 10 additional CRs in 19 rapidly enlarging tumors. After a third treatment 3 CRs and 3 PRs were achieved in 6 tumors. Because of large volumes, 2 of 3 progressing tumors failed to fluoresce uniformly after intratumoral DHE and were treated after intraperitoneal DHE injection; both completely responded. Overall, 29 of 38 tumors (76%) completely responded to PDT, and 7 partially responded (18%) with no gross tumor remaining in 5 of the 7. Only 5% of tumors (2/38) were non-responders. Photodynamic therapy results in gross elimination of 90% of tumors (52/58) in this model after intraperitoneal or intratumoral DHE sensitization (P less than 0.0001). DHE in chorio-carcinomas is easily detected and may enable detection of occult foci of malignancy. Choriocarcinoma transplanted into the hamster cheek pouch is highly responsive to photodynamic therapy. Clinical trials of PDT in gynecologic cancers are warranted to confirm the high response rates observed in refractory nongynecologic cancers.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Vulvovaginal melanoma: report of seven cases and literature review.

Five cases of primary vaginal melanoma were treated at UCLA Medical Center between 1976 and 1986. Two additional cases of melanoma arising at the junction of the vulva and vagina are presented. One of seven (13%) patients is alive, with a median time to recurrence of 7 months, and median survival of 31 months. Four of five vaginal melanomas were located in the distal vagina, and all were advanced at diagnosis (greater than 3 mm depth). Mean size was 3 cm. Initial therapy was local excision in four patients and radical surgery in three. All patients had suboptimal surgical margins: two vaginal primaries had positive margins after local excision, both recurred vaginally within 5 months. Two patients had margins less than 1 mm, one died of distant metastases, the other is alive with disease 30 months after radical distal vaginectomy and hemivulvectomy with post-op pelvic radiotherapy. Three patients had melanoma in situ at the surgical margins, and each had pelvic recurrences between 6 and 26 months. Five of seven cases developed local recurrence as the initial site of treatment failure. All five vaginal cases ultimately developed distant disease, but only two patients had distant disease without local-regional recurrence. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy enabled disease stabilization in three patients. The vulvovaginal junction at the introitus is a high risk site for vaginal and vulvar melanoma. Intraoperative management requires assessment of lateral and deep spread of invasive and in situ melanoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Resection of fixed pelvic tumors using the Nd:YAG laser.

Clinical experience using the Nd:YAG laser to resect intra-abdominal malignancies is limited. Presented are two cases of recurrent gynecologic cancers, one ovarian carcinoma of low malignant potential and one fallopian tube carcinoma grade 1, in which the Nd:YAG laser allowed removal of recurrent tumor fixed to sacral bone and pelvic sidewall. The ability to accomplish laser vaporization of the tumor bed along with periosteum may reduce the risk of local recurrence. Further investigation of laser treatment of tumors fixed to sacral or pubic bone, pelvic sidewall tissues or other structures should lead to the evolution of the Nd:YAG laser as a useful tool to the cancer surgeon.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Controversies in the management of cervical adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix appears to be more prevalent now than a decade ago, and currently constitutes 10-20% of invasive cervical cancers. Because precursor lesions arise within the endocervical canal, identification and diagnosis of invasive disease is often more difficult than for squamous carcinoma. There is disagreement regarding the optimal treatment of adenocarcinoma. Adenocarcinoma may have a poorer prognosis than squamous carcinoma because it may be more difficult to detect and because it tends to metastasize earlier in its course. The controversies in the diagnosis and management of adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix are reviewed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Malignancy arising in endometriosis associated with unopposed estrogen replacement.

Malignant transformation of endometriosis is a well documented phenomenon. Although it occurs most commonly in the ovaries, there have been approximately 50 reported cases of extraovarian malignant transformation of endometriosis. This paper presents two cases of malignancy arising from a dormant focus of endometriosis after total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and exogenous estrogen replacement therapy. These malignancies are often well differentiated and may behave similarly to estrogen-induced endometrial carcinomas. After surgical castration of a premenopausal woman with endometriosis, the use of progestins in replacement therapy may reduce the risk of malignancy arising in endometriosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix. Sarcoma botryoides.

Twenty-one cases of sarcoma botryoides of the uterine cervix, including four previously unreported cases, are reviewed. The age of the patients ranged from 5 months to 48 years, with a peak incidence in the group aged 14 to 18 years. Eighty percent of the patients are alive, with a mean follow-up period of 68 months. Seventy-five percent of the patients had Group I disease, of whom 88% are alive. Eleven of 14 patients (79%) receiving vincristine and dactinomycin based chemotherapy are alive. There were five patients with recurrent disease (24%) of whom two (40%) are alive. The prognosis for cervical sarcoma botryoides is similar to that of other female genital tract embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas. Primary therapy should consist of vincristine and dactinomycin based chemotherapy. Surgery should be guided by the response to initial chemotherapy and should attempt to conserve the function of the bladder, rectum, vagina, and ovaries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Salpingoscopy. A method for direct examination of the fallopian tube.

Using flexible endoscopes 0.6-2.3 mm in diameter, direct tubal endoscopy was performed on human uteri and fallopian tubes ex vivo. Fourteen studies were performed both transcervically using the operating channel of a hysteroscope and transtubally via the fimbriae of the Fallopian tube. Different anatomic segments of the fallopian tube were readily identified, as was a possible tubal "sphincter" not previously described. This technique holds great promise for the evaluation and potential treatment of intratubal pathology in the gynecologist's office.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Structural complexity and the quality of stepfather-stepchild relationships.

This research examined the effects of structural complexity and sex of stepchild on the quality of stepfather-stepchild relationships. Sixteen simple stepfather families (the wife had custody of a child from a previous marriage, but the stepfather has no biological children) and 16 complex stepfather families (the wife had custody of a child from a previous marriage, and the stepfather was a noncustodial biological parent) with half of each type (N = 8) having a male and half having a female, 9-12-year-old target child participated in a multimethod-multimeasure assessment of the stepfather-stepchild relationship. Families were recruited from marriage license records, and data collection was accomplished in a single three-and-a-half-hour home visit. Dependent variables included: (a) questionnaire measures of love and detachment relationship dimensions independently obtained from parents, stepparents, and (step)children, and (b) proportions of positive and negative stepparent and stepchild communication behaviors derived from videotaped interaction tasks. Findings revealed that simple and complex stepfather families did not differ on any questionnaire or behavioral measures. Girls, however, engaged in a lower proportion of positive verbal and greater proportion of negative problem-solving behaviors toward their stepfathers than boys did. Stepfathers did not differ on proportions of communication behaviors emitted toward boys and girls. No sex-of-child differences were obtained on the questionnaire measures. Directions for future research on structural complexity and stepfather families are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

On the question of the pathogenetic importance of cobalt for hard metal fibrosis of the lung.

Pulmonary fibrosis in hard metal grinders has been observed to an increasing degree in recent years. Most authors attribute the cause of this disease to the influence of the cobalt contained in hard metals. The present case dealt with a 36-year-old man who had been exposed to the grinding dust from sintered hard metal parts for more than 10 years. Biopsy of the lung revealed an advanced, active pulmonary fibrosis. In the biopsy specimens cobalt was determined by flameless atomic absorption. The cobalt content in the biological specimens of the patient (urine: 7.5 micrograms/l; lung: 1010 micrograms/kg wet weight) was significantly increased compared with the values measured in normal controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Platelet and plasma amine oxidase inhibition and urinary amine excretion changes during phenelzine treatment.

The treatment of depressed patients with the monoamine oxidase (MAO)-inhibiting antidepressant, phenelzine, was found to be accompanied by an 82 per cent reduction in platelet MAO activity and a 91 per cent reduction in plasma amine oxidase activity. Maximum reductions in enzyme activity occurred after 7 to 14 days of treatment; recovery of enzyme activity posttreatment required an average of 14 days for the platelet MAO and greater than 6 weeks for the plasma enzyme. Marked elevations in urinary tryptamine excretion occurred in conjunction with MAO inhibition during phenelzine treatment, but the magnitidue of urinary tryptamine change in individual patients was not closely correlated with the magnitude of enzyme activity reduction. Changes in platelet serotonin content serotonin content and in urinary catecholamine metabolites also occurred in response to phenelzine treatment.

Blood Platelets↗