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Biomedical subjects

E Bouvet

Publications and source records attributed to E Bouvet.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Tricuspid infective endocarditis: 56 cases.

Fifty six cases of tricuspid infective endocarditis (TIE) were seen over a period of 15 years. The patients were divided into three groups, on the basis of the site of entry: (a) Thirty one TIE after abortion (6 cases) or in association with drug addiction (25 cases) are characterized by the young age of the patients and the organism (29 staphylococci), the existence of repeated pulmonary emboli and the relatively favourable prognosis (3 deaths). (b) Twelve TIE due to an intravenous infusion catheter (9 cases) or a visceral site of entry: older patients, resistant organisms (3 gram negative bacilli, 8 staphylococci, 5 of which were methicillin-resistant) and with poor prognosis (8 deaths). (c) Thirteen TIE where the site of entry was unidentified, running a sub-acute course, 7 due to streptococci, and often associated with involvement of the left side of the heart, which was the dominant prognostic feature (6 deaths). Mortality was 30%. Of predominant importance in prognosis was the sensitivity of the organism: 6 deaths out of 9 TIE due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and 3 out of 31 TIE due to a sensitive staphylococcus (P less than 0.01). Seventeen underwent surgery. Tricuspidectomy (8 patients) should be reserved for cases of uncontrolled infection. Surgery is not justified by the persistence of pulmonary emboli.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Severe meningitis due to Listeria monocytogenes. A review of 40 cases in adults.

During a 10-yr period, 40 cases of severe Listeria monocytogenes meningitis were observed. All patients showed consciousness disturbances and 27 of them (68%) focal neurologic signs. Cranial nerve palsies were common (57%). Early general seizures (13 patients) and presence of underlying disease (12 patients) were associated with a high mortality rate. Although the management of antibiotic therapy is open for discussion, chloramphenicol (used in 7 patients) seems to be more effective than other drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Gram negative bacilli endocarditis ].

Gram negative bacilli endocarditis are unfrequent. Nevertheless we encountered 28 cases of them (8.8%) among 320 endocarditis of which 10 were primitive and 7 cases (10.9%) among 65 prosthetic endocarditis. Bacterial species were 12 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2 Ps, stutzeri, 1 Ps. maltophilia, 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 Escherichia coli, 3 Serratia marcescans, 1 Enterobacter cloacae, 1 Brucella, 1 Hemophilus aphrophilus, 1 Fusobacterium funduliformis, 18 cases were hospital acquired infections related to cardiac surgery (4 cases), intracardiac catheterization (5 cases), intravenous catheter (4 cases). Uncontrolled infection or cardiac insufficiency underwent respectively in 14 and 18 cases. The overall mortality was 50 p. cent. The death occurred more frequently in primitive endocarditis (70%) than in secondary native endocarditis (45%) or prosthetic endocarditis (29%). It was also more frequent in Pseudomonas endocarditis (59%) than with other species (36%) and more frequent when cardiac sufficiency was present (50%). 15 patients underwent surgical procedure of which 6 died (40%). The results were better if the infection was cured before surgical procedures: 5 deaths occurred when the culture of the valves remained positive (9 cases) but none when it was negative. The 5 most recent cases of prosthetic endocarditis were cured. Since 1979, no death occurred among treated patients. we concluded that surgery is usually necessary but after an effective antibiotic therapy over a 4 or 6 week period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Bacterial endocarditis in drug addicts. 20 cases (author's transl)].

The authors report on 20 cases of bacterial endocarditis in heroin addicts, i.e. 9.1% of all cases of that infection observed over an 8-year period. The disease involved the tricuspid valve in 80% of the cases and was due to Staphylococcus aureus in the same percentage of patients. Diagnosis was sometimes difficult in the right heart but was confirmed by repeated echocardiography. Combined antibiotic therapy was administered for 45 days. Only one patient died of relapsing endocarditis on valve prosthesis. Six patients were operated upon: 2 for cardiac failure, 2 for persistent infection and 2 for recurrent pulmonary embolism. Three patients underwent valve replacement and 3 tricuspidectomy. The persistence of pulmonary embolism after eradication of the infecting organism does not seem to warrant surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Anti-erythrocyte autoimmunisation during chronic falciparum malaria.

Anaemia during malaria is not completely understood. Fourteen cases of antierythrocyte autoimmunisation with anti-I specificity were investigated in a Paris hospital during a period of 2 years. The patients lived in Gabon and had not been taking antimalarial chemoprophylaxis. All had chronic malaria (strongly positive antimalarial immunofluorescent antibody tests). All the recognised caused for anti-erythrocyte autoimmunity were excluded. One possible explanation for these observations is some sort of interaction between I antigen and Plasmodium, the result of which facilitated penetration of the erythrocyte by the malarial parasite.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Opsonizing antibodies in human typhoid fever.

Factors that promote phagocytosis of Salmonella typhi by polymorphonuclear leukocytes have been detected in sera from patients with typhoid fever. These factors were present between the 10th and the 60th days after the clinical onset. They could be fixed on the bacteria, were heat-stable, and needed the classical pathway of complement to act. They were specific for Salmonella typhi and acted as antibodies directed against the O antigen of the cell-wall. They could be absorbed by a smooth strain of Salmonella typhi, but not by a rough strain. They belonged probably to the IgG class and were different from the "natural antibodies" of normal, non-immune serum, which are of IgM type. Their role in human resistance to Salmonella infection is discussed.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Controlled study of malathion and d-phenothrin lotions for Pediculus humanus var capitis-infested schoolchildren.

Anecdotal reports have suggested that reduced efficacy of pediculicides against Pediculus humanus capitis could be related to resistance to treatments. Ovicidal and pediculicidal activities of 0.5% malathion and 0.3% d-phenothrin lotions were tested in an experimental model of P humanus capitis grown on rabbits to ensure that the two treatments were pharmacologically equipotent. We then did a randomised controlled trial in which the lotions were administered to 193 P humanus capitis-infested schoolchildren (malathion, 95; d-phenothrin, 98). Success rate was defined as the absence of both live lice and viable nits. Before treatment, live lice were collected and subjected to a pediculicidal test. Pharmacological tests showed 100% killing of the rabbit-grown nits and lice after exposure to both pediculicides. On day 1 of the controlled trial, the success rate was 92% in the malathion group (95% CI, 0.86-0.97) and 40% in the d-phenothrin group (0.30-0.49) (p < 0.0001); on day 7, it was 95% in the malathion group (0.90-0.99) and 39% in the d-phenothrin group (0.29-0.48, p < 0.0001). Malathion was also significantly more active in the pediculicidal tests compared to d-phenothrin and control. These results suggest an acquired resistance to d-phenothrin in the schoolchildren tested, since all other conditions of the administration of insecticides were standardised.

Animals↗