Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Bouvet

Publications and source records attributed to E Bouvet.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Role of safety-engineered devices in preventing needlestick injuries in 32 French hospitals.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate safety-engineered devices (SEDs) with respect to their effectiveness in preventing needlestick injuries (NSIs) in healthcare settings and their importance among other preventive measures. DESIGN: Multicenter prospective survey with a 1-year follow-up period during which all incident NSIs and their circumstances were reported. Data were prospectively collected during a 12-month period from April 1999 through March 2000. The procedures for which the risk of NSI was high were also reported 1 week per quarter to estimate procedure-specific NSI rates. Device types were documented. Because SEDs were not in use when a similar survey was conducted in 1990, their impact was also evaluated by comparing findings from the recent and previous surveys. SETTING: A total of 102 medical units from 32 hospitals in France. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1,506 nurses in medical or intensive care units. RESULTS: A total of 110 NSIs occurring during at-risk procedures performed by nurses were documented. According to data from the 2000 survey, use of SEDs during phlebotomy procedures was associated with a 74% lower risk (P<.01). The mean NSI rate for all relevant nursing procedures was estimated to be 4.72 cases per 100,000 procedures, for a 75% decrease since 1990 (P<.01); however, the decrease in NSI rates varied considerably according to procedure type. Between 1990 and 2000, decreases in the NSI rates for each procedure were strongly correlated with increases in the frequency of SED use (r=0.88; P<.02). CONCLUSION: In this French hospital network, the use of SEDs was associated with a significantly lower NSI rate and was probably the most important preventive factor.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed2006

Risk of needlestick injuries by injection pens.

Injection pens are used by patients when auto-administering medication (insulin, interferon, apokinon etc.) by the subcutaneous route. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of injection pen use by healthcare workers (HCWs) and the associated risk of needlestick injuries to document and compare injury rates between injection pens and subcutaneous syringes. A one-year retrospective study was conducted in 24 sentinel French public hospitals. All needlestick injuries linked to subcutaneous injection procedures, which were voluntarily reported to occupational medicine departments by HCWs between October 1999 and September 2000, were documented using a standardized questionnaire. Additional data (total number of needlestick injuries reported, number of subcutaneous injection devices purchased) were collected over the same period. A total of 144 needlestick injuries associated with subcutaneous injection were reported. The needlestick injury rate for injection pens was six times the rate for disposable syringes. Needlestick injuries with injection pens accounted for 39% of needlestick injuries linked with subcutaneous injection. In all, 60% of needlestick injuries with injection pens were related to disassembly. Injection pens are associated with needlestick injuries six times more often than syringes. Nevertheless, injection pens have been shown to improve the quality of treatment for patients and may improve treatment observance. This study points to the need for safety-engineered injection pens.

Disposable Equipment↗
PubMed2006

Tuberculosis treatment duration in France: From guidelines to daily practice.

BACKGROUND: Guidelines for tuberculosis (TB) recommend 6 months of treatment except for meningeal TB, where a 9- to 12-month course may be preferred. METHODS: In order to assess whether practices in France are in agreement with those guidelines, we performed an anonymous audit of the policy of French physicians, focusing on TB treatment duration and corticosteroid use according to the TB presentation. RESULTS: Sixty-six completed forms were analyzed. Reported treatment duration was usually 6 months for pulmonary TB (91% of physicians) and miliary TB (45%), 9 months for pulmonary TB in HIV-infected patients (42%) and for TB lymphadenitis (57%), and 12 months for TB meningitis (79%) and osteo-articular TB (65%). Corticosteroid use was systematic for meningitis (80%) and pericarditis (65%). CONCLUSION: This study reveals discrepancies between guidelines and daily practice for TB treatment duration in France: We observed a very high reported rate of unnecessary, prolonged treatment for most extrapulmonary TB.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

[Risk factors for hepatitis C virus transmission to Health Care Workers after occupational exposure: a European case-control study].

BACKGROUND: Factors that influence the risk for HCV infection after occupational exposure to hepatitis C virus (HCV) have not yet been determined. The objective of this study was to assess potential risk factors for Hepatitis C seroconversion after occupational exposure to HCV. METHODS: We conducted a European matched case-control study from 01/01/1991 through 31/12/ 2002. Cases were Health Care Workers (HCWs) who were HCV seronegative at the time of exposure, sustained a documented exposure to HCV, and present documented HCV seroconversion temporally associated with the exposure. Controls-HCWs had a documented exposure to HCV, were HCV seronegative at the time of exposure, and remained so at least 6 months later. Controls were matched to cases for the center and the time period of the exposure occurrence. RESULTS: 60 cases and 204 controls were included. All cases were exposed to HCV-infected materials through percutaneous injuries. Those for whom information was available (61.6%) were exposed to viremic source patients. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis, in which HCV viral load was not introduced because of missing values, identified needle placed in the source patient's vein or artery (Odds Ratio [OR]=100.1; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=7.3-1365.7), deep injury (OR=155.2; 95%CI=7.1-3417.2), and HCW's gender (M vs. F: OR=3.1; 95%CI=1.0-10.0) as risk factors for HCV infection. In univariate unmatched analysis the risk of HCV transmission was increased 11-fold (C195%=1.1-114.1) in HCWs exposed to sources with a viral load>6 log10 copies/mL when compared to sources with a HCV viral load<4 log10 copies/mL. CONCLUSION: The risk of HCV transmission after percutaneous exposure increases with a larger volume of blood, and, a higher titer of HCV in the source patient's blood. The role of HCW's gender need to be further investigated. The results of this study have important implications for counselling and follow-up of HCWs after exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus transmission to health care workers after occupational exposure: a European case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Additional studies are required to identify risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission to health care workers after occupational exposure to HCV. METHODS: We conducted a matched case-control study in 5 European countries from 1 January 1991 through 31 December 2002. Case patients were health care workers who experienced seroconversion after percutaneous or mucocutaneous exposure to HCV. Control subjects were HCV-exposed health care workers who did not experience seroconversion and were matched with case patients for center and period of exposure. RESULTS: Sixty case patients and 204 control subjects were included in the study. All case patients were exposed to HCV-infected fluids through percutaneous injuries. The 37 case patients for whom information was available were exposed to viremic source patients. As risk factors for HCV infection, multivariate analysis identified needle placement in a source patient's vein or artery (odds ratio [OR], 100.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.3-1365.7), deep injury (OR, 155.2; 95% CI, 7.1-3417.2), and sex of the health care worker (OR for male vs. female, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0-10.0). Source patient HCV load was not introduced in the multivariate model. In unmatched univariate analysis, the risk of HCV transmission increased 11-fold for health care workers exposed to source patients with a viral load >6 log(10) copies/mL (95% CI, 1.1-114.1), compared with exposures to source patients with a viral load < or =4 log10 copies/mL. CONCLUSION: In this study, HCV occupational transmission was found to occur after percutaneous exposures. The risk of HCV transmission after percutaneous exposure increased with deep injuries and procedures involving hollow-bore needle placement in the source patient's vein or artery. These results highlight the need for widespread adoption of needlestick-prevention devices in health care settings, together with other preventive measures.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

A descriptive, retrospective study of 567 accidental blood exposures in healthcare workers in three West African countries.

We conducted a multi-centre study in West African hospital wards to document accidental blood exposure (ABE) risks in these settings, and assessed the incidence of ABE in participating healthcare workers (HCWs) retrospectively. In total, 1241 HCWs participated in the survey from 43 hospital wards. Among them, 567 (45.7%) had sustained at least one ABE with an estimated incidence of 0.33 percutaneous injuries (PCIs) and 0.04 mucocutaneous contacts (MCCs)/HCW/year in medical or intensive care personnel and 1.8 PCIs/HCW/year in surgeons. The ABE was a needlestick in 454 (80.1%) of 567 cases, a cut in 19 cases (3.4%), a splash or contact with non-intact skin in 87 cases (15.3%), and was undocumented in seven cases (1.2%). The source patient's human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus was positive in 74 cases (13.1%), negative in 65 cases (11.5%), and unknown in 416 cases (73.4%). The ABE was not notified in the ward in 392 cases (69.1%). Healthcare structures can improve HCWs' safety and reduce the stigma against HIV-infected patients by improving access to training, information, primary prevention (ABE prevention equipment) and secondary prevention (postexposure prophylaxis) of occupational infection risks.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Anal condyloma prevalence among HIV infected patients].

BACKGROUND: In the general HIV-infected population, there are few data on the prevalence and risk factors for anal condyloma, precursor lesions for anal cancer. METHODS: Screening for perianal and endoanal condyloma with an anoscopy was systematically proposed to 516 consecutive outpatients, followed in a university hospital in Paris. For each point, HIV characteristics and sexual behaviors assessed through semi-directive questionnaire were collected. FINDINGS: The 473 (92%) examined patients, consisted of 200 homosexual men, 123 heterosexual men, 150 women; 76% were receiving HAART, HIV-RNA was<50 copies/ml in 60%, mean (+/-SD) CD4 cell count were 484 (+/-274)/mm(3). Overall, 108 (23%) pts had histologically-confirmed anal condyloma (36, 15 and 11% of the respective populations), including 51 (47%) pts with only endoanal localisation. Intraepithelial neoplasia of grade I was noted in 59 patients, of grade II in 10 and of grade III in 2 and an invasive endoanal cancer in 1. In multivariate regression analysis, condyloma independent risk factor were history of gonococcia or syphilis (OR=0.54 (0.29-0.99)), and history of previous anal condyloma (OR=2.05 (1.07-3.92) in homosexual men, history of previous penis condyloma (OR=26.8 (2.3-309.6), and unprotected sexual intercourse (OR=7.5 (2.1-26.3)) in heterosexual men and CD4 cell count below 200/mm(3), (OR=8.9 (1.5-51.6)), receptive anal intercourse (OR=6.7 (1.7-25.8)) and history of previous anal condyloma (OR=25.4 (3.4-188.2)) in women. INTERPRETATION: In the HAART era, systematic screening revealed a high rate of anal condyloma in all HIV positive pts (not only in homosexual men). Anal examination should be proposed systematically to all HIV-infected patients.

Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active↗
PubMed2005

Occupational Plasmodium falciparum malaria following accidental blood exposure: a case, published reports and considerations for post-exposure prophylaxis.

A French nurse presented Plasmodium falciparum malaria 10 d after a needlestick while sampling blood in a source patient with malaria. As did the source patient, the nurse recovered fully although diagnosis was delayed and her malaria severe. We proceeded to a thorough description of the transmission profile of P. falciparum following occupational needlestick. A review of the literature found 21 published reports of occupational malaria including our own, documenting 22 P. falciparum infections. One of these was lethal. The mean incubation time to fever onset was documented in 21 reports including our own and is 11.60 +/- 3.38 d (median 12.0, range 4-17 d). The incubation period was compatible to that found in experimental anopheline bites or transfusion malaria. The transmission profile cites a pathogen which may be more easily transmissible by occupational exposure to blood than human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). Undiagnosed malaria in non-immune health care workers can be lethal. Presumptive treatment of malaria is widely available and well tolerated. Clinicians should consider P. falciparum malaria when faced with a febrile patient who has or may have been exposed to biological fluids. Further research is needed in the field of P. falciparum prophylaxis following accidental exposure to a malaria patient's blood.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Investigation of patient contacts of heath care workers with infectious tuberculosis: 6 cases in the Paris area.

SETTING: From June to October 2003, six cases of infectious tuberculosis were reported in health care workers (HCWs) working in hospitals in the Paris area. OBJECTIVE: To describe a method of investigation to identify tuberculosis infection in patient contacts. DESIGN: To define the cohort of patient contacts, the risk of contamination was evaluated based on 1) the degree of infectiousness of the HCW, 2) patient characteristics, and 3) the proximity and length of exposure. RESULTS: The number of patient contacts selected was very variable. A small proportion was investigated in consultation, except for a paediatric service in which 43 patient contacts were identified and where the information was managed within the service. In this cohort, two patient contacts presented tuberculous infection with an unclear link with the infectious HCW. In adults, the analysis of the information gathered was difficult due to the different screening practices used. CONCLUSION: These results show the importance of better targeting screening of patient contacts and of improving the detection of tuberculosis cases among HCWs.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Risk knowledge and management of blood exposure in operative room: results of a French national survey].

OBJECTIVES: To assess knowledge of risk factors of blood exposure in operative room and management after blood exposure. METHODS: A national survey was conducted towards 5000 surgeons drawn with hazard. RESULTS: The knowledge of the risk of viral contamination stay imperfect and the management after blood exposure is doubtful, and this last point is probably favoured by the absence of regulation in spite of guidelines from professional associations or societies. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of risk factors and more clear regulations could permit a better attitude in case of blood exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Merkel cell carcinoma in a black human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare malignant tumour that develops in sun-exposed areas in immunocompromised patients (chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, transplant recipients) older than 50 years. We report MCC in a young black woman with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A 2-cm binodular violaceous lesion developed on her left ear lobe. Extensive work-up, including computed tomographic scans of the neck, chest, abdomen and pelvis, octreotide scan and sentinel node biopsy, did not demonstrate any metastasis. A wide excision was performed and the patient remained free of disease after 9 months. This case is the fourth observation of MCC in an HIV-infected patient.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Hand contamination before and after different hand hygiene techniques: a randomized clinical trial.

The efficacy of alcohol-based handrubs (ABH) for hand hygiene (HH) compared with handwashing (HW) remains to be established in the clinical setting. Factors associated with severe hand contamination before HH techniques were medical ward, physician and not wearing gloves. Forty-three healthcare workers [HCW, 26 nurses (N), nine nurse assistants (NA) and eight physicians (P)] each performed six HH techniques in random order, immediately after a patient care activity: HW with non-antiseptic soap for 10 (US10) and 30 (US30) s; HW with antiseptic (polyvidone iodine- or chlorhexidine-based) soap for 10 (AS10), 30 (AS30) or 60 (AS60) s; and ABH (Sterillium, Bode Chemie, Germany). The fingertips of the dominant hand were pressed on to agar for culture before and after each HH technique. Five hundred and sixteen specimens were obtained. Log(10)-transformed bacterial count reductions after HH were 0.74, 0.51, 1.13, 1.14, 1.21 and 1.40 for US10, US30, AS10, AS30, AS60 and ABH, respectively; both AS and ABH were significantly better than US. Qualitative assessment showed that 11 of the 256 pre-HH specimens (4.3%) had pathogenic bacteria, and that two of these 11 remained positive after HH (US in both instances).

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The dynamic of adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy: results from the French National APROCO cohort.

OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to describe the evolution of adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) over a 20-month period and its relationship with virologic success. METHODS: Self-reported adherence, clinical, and virologic data were collected 4 (M4), 12 (M12), and 20 (M20) months after initiation of a protease inhibitor-containing regimen in the French APROCO cohort. At each visit, patients were classified as nonadherent, moderately, or highly adherent, and HIV plasma RNA was determined. RESULTS: Among the 762 patients who were regularly followed until M20, the 436 patients who answered to all questionnaires, including adherence measurement, were selected for the analysis. The proportion of highly adherent patients was 55.7%, 62.2%, and 60.3% at M4, M12, and M20, respectively. A total of 137 patients (31.4%) was "always," 225 (51.6%) "sometimes," and 74 (17.0%) "never" "highly adherent" during follow-up. After multiple adjustment for known baseline predictors, virologic success after 20 months of HAART was more likely achieved in patients who were always (odds ratio [OR] 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.02 [1.64-5.58]) or sometimes (OR [95% CI], 2.15 [1.24-3.74]) "highly adherent." CONCLUSION: Adherence behavior is a dynamic process. Continued adherence was associated with better response to therapy and should be encouraged to reduce the risk of virologic failure.

Adult↗