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Biomedical subjects

E Bosch

Publications and source records attributed to E Bosch.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Patterns of central acetabular osteophytosis in osteoarthritis of the hip.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The frequency and morphology of central acetabular osteophyte formation were evaluated in patients with osteoarthritis. METHODS: One hundred preserved acetabular specimens were evaluated for the occurrence of central osteophytes (excrescences present in the articulation of the hip joint), their relationship to marginal and femoral osteophytes of the hip, and their radiographic appearance. RESULTS: In both specimen and patient analysis, the authors found that central excrescences occur commonly and appear to be related temporally to osteophytes of the femur and the margin of the acetabulum. CONCLUSIONS: The authors demonstrated a close relationship between the degree of marginal and femoral osteophytes with those found centrally, indicating a temporal relationship. The new radiographic signs discussed are: 1) a fine linear density associated with early osteoarthritis; 2) larger, more irregular densities associated with a more advanced stage of osteoarthritis; and 3) obliteration of the acetabular fossa by excrescences as found in severe osteoarthritis.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1993

Phagocytosis of outer segments by retinal pigment epithelium: phagosome-lysosome interaction.

We studied phagocytosis of rod outer segments (ROS) by the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) using rapid freezing, freeze-drying, and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. Phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segment tips by the RPE occurs daily, and in rats the shedding of these tips is light-entrained to a circadian rhythm. We studied the phagocytic process 5, 30, 90, and 150 min after light onset or after subjective light onset in rats entrained to a 12-hr dark-12-hr light cycle. Lysosomes were labeled with antibodies to cathepsin D, a major lysosomal enzyme responsible for opsin degradation. Phagosomes and phagolysosomes were recognized because of the lamellar structure of their photoreceptor-derived contents. We found a population of lysosomes that fuse with one another before they interact with phagosomes. This fusion can be triggered either by light or by endogenous circadian mechanisms. We also found that lysosome-phagosome interaction occurs after the ingestion stage is completed and that this interaction occurs in two steps. First, smaller lysosomes fuse with phagosomes. Subsequently, larger lysosomes appear to interact with phagosomes via pore-like or bridge-like structures. It is proposed that interchange of contents takes place through these structures.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Normal regional anatomy of the shoulder.

The shoulder joint is a remarkable structure enjoying a greater range of motion than any other articulation in the human body. The shoulder is not a single joint but actually four separate articulations that act synergistically. The authors review the complex anatomy of the shoulder.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

[A comparative study of intravenous diltiazem and nitroglycerin in the treatment of unstable angina].

To compare the efficacy of intravenous diltiazem vs nitroglycerin in patients with unstable angina, we conducted a prospective, single blinded study enrolling 45 patients, 24 of them received diltiazem and 21 nitroglycerin. We considered drug failure if the patient experienced two or more anginal episodes or if one of them was longer than 30 minutes. There was a good response in 19 of 24 patients (79%) of the diltiazem group and 17 of 21 (81%) in the nitroglycerin group. Only one of the 5 non-response patients in the diltiazem group that was crossed to nitroglycerin was controlled, in opposition to the 4 patients crossed to diltiazem that were controlled all of them (p less than 0.05). Both drugs significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but there was not difference between the two groups. Heart rate and double product decreased only in the diltiazem group (p less than 0.05). We did not find notorious side effects. We concluded that diltiazem is an alternative to nitroglycerin in patients with unstable angina.

Angina, Unstable↗
PubMed1991

[Digital luminescence radiography (DLR) for skeletal diagnosis in traumatology].

170 patients who had suffered trauma to bones or soft tissues were examined by a digital and a conventional film/screen technique. In addition to "standard" and edge-enhanced images, post-processing was carried out and compared with conventional radiographs. Four radiologists and two surgeons evaluated the compacta, spongiosa, soft tissues, fractures and osteo-synthetic materials as shown on the two systems. The "standard" digital images are inferior to film images, but edge-enhanced images showed definite advantages for demonstrating soft tissues. Evaluation of osteo-synthetic material is limited by the creation of artifacts. Recognition of detail can be significantly improved by using post-processing with optimized parameters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Ultrastructure of the electrotonic and chemical components of the lateral-to-motor and medial-to-motor synapses in crayfish nerve cord.

Lateral-to-motor and medial-to-motor synapses in crayfish nerve cords are composed of an electrical and a chemical component. The presynaptic terminals showed localized clusters of synaptic vesicles, electron-dense areas, coated pits, and coated vesicles. In thin sections, active zones were defined by electron-dense regions where synaptic vesicles attached and, in freeze-fracture replicas, by clusters of intramembrane particles localized in bands with vesicle openings on the sides of these bands. The cytoplasmic surface of the postsynaptic membrane opposite the active zones was coated with electron-dense material that in freeze-fracture replicas was seen as an increase in intramembrane particles located in the external leaflet (EF-face). This specialization of the postsynaptic membrane may correspond to the neurochemical receptor. Also, pre- and postsynaptic membranes were separated by a wider extracellular gap than those of adjacent nonsynaptic regions and electrical synapses or gap junctions. Synaptic vesicles were located exclusively at the synaptic regions by means of a cytoskeleton that was different for the electrical and the chemical components. The vesicles associated with the electrical component were anchored to a cytoskeleton composed of a beaded layer of densities located parallel to the membrane. This cytoskeleton maintained the synaptic vesicles separated from the presynaptic membrane by a distance of 13 +/- 2 nm. The synaptic vesicles associated with the chemical component were anchored to electron-dense regions formed by filaments arranged in bundles, anchored to the presynaptic membrane. Vesicles lined both sides positioned to discharge their contents into the extracellular space and to replace the discharged vesicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Comparative study of neuronal and glial gap-junctions in crayfish nerve cords.

Electrical synapses (neuronal gap-junctions) and glial gap-junctions were compared by using thin sectioning, freeze fracturing, and negative staining techniques. Neuronal and glial gap-junctions differed in the length of the extracellular domains of the channels, in the presence of a cytoskeleton associated to neuronal gap-junctions, and in their unit cell dimensions. The difference in length of the channels and the fact that both glial and neuronal gap-junctions had the same particle diameter suggest that the proteins forming glial and neuronal gap-junctions might have different molecular weights. The cytoskeleton associated to neuronal gap-junctions consisted of a beaded layer of densities located parallel to the membrane in the synaptic regions. Synaptic vesicles associated to neuronal gap-junctions were attached to this cytoskeleton, which was in turn anchored to the synaptic membrane through densities about 20 nm apart, a spacing similar to the neuronal unit cell dimension. These results suggest that the cytoskeleton might be responsible for the association of vesicles to neuronal gap-junctions and for maintaining the crystalline appearance of neuronal gap-junctions in situ.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

Basal prolactin and the behaviour of the gonadotrophins, testosterone, androstenedione, estradiol, and the sex-hormone-binding globulin during stimulation with clomiphene in subjects with spermatogenic disorders.

To clarify the significance of clomiphene test in spermatogenic disorders, it was performed on three groups of subjects: 10 with normozoospermia, 29 with oligozoospermia, and 11 with azoospermia. Two basal blood samples were drawn five days apart; prolactin, FSH, LH, estradiol, testosterone, androstenedione and sex-hormone-binding globulin were determined. 100 mg of clomiphene per day were administered for eleven consecutive days; another sample was drawn on the eleventh day and all the basal parameters, except prolactin, were determined. It may be concluded from the results: a) All the parameters studied increased significantly after clomiphene; and b) Testosterone levels obtained after clomiphene, as well as the increases in this hormone during the test and the ratio delta T/delta LH, were significantly lower in the oligozoospermic group. This finding suggests a decrease in the testicular androgenic function of this group.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Chronopharmacokinetics of paracetamol in normal subjects.

The chronopharmacokinetics of paracetamol was studied in six male volunteers. Serum concentrations of paracetamol were determined after a single oral dose of 1 g, on three occasions, spaced at least 1 week apart. Plasma drug concentration vs time curves were obtained after dosage at 08.00 h (Day 1), 14.00 h (Day 2) and 20.00 h (Day 3), under standardized conditions. Pharmacokinetic parameters compared were t1/2,alpha, t1/2,Z, tmax, Cmax and AUCpo. No statistically significant differences were found.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1981

The early detection of the effects of surgical shock on the viscera.

One hundred and one patients, in shock after operations were reviewed to examine the visceral effects on their prognoses. The shock was caused in 65 cases by hypovolaemia and in 36 cases by sepsis. The effects were studied on the heart and cardiovascular system, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal system, central nervous system, lungs and blood clotting system. Surgical shock affected more frequently the lung and liver (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01). The lungs were most frequently involved in hypovolaemia (25 patients) and sepsis (25 cases). Pathology of the lung was associated with the highest mortality rate (P less than 0.005), followed by kidney (P less than 0.01) then heart and central nervous system (P less than 0.025). Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract or clotting system alone was not associated with higher mortality rates, except in the presence of other visceral derangements. Lung affection also had a greater mortality followed by kidney and the central nervous system. Involvement of one or several organs in failure to survive septic shock is dealt with in the discussion. It is concluded that visceral involvement secondary to shock could be of importance for prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Metabolic studies of erythropoietin (Ep): I. A reliable micro assay method for Ep in rat plasma using fetal mouse liver cells (FMLC).

It is a well recognized problem that sample derived transferrin-bound iron (Tf-Fe) interferes with radio-iron incorporation into heme in the in vitro assay of erythropoietin (Ep) using fetal mouse liver cells (FMLC). This paper describes a mathematical procedure to correct for the unknown quantity of "cold" Tf-Fe in a plasma sample, being assayed for Ep in the FMLC. Excellent recovery of Ep activity was obtained with this method of correction, when testing solutions containing Step III sheep Ep with and without human Tf-Fe. The distorted dose response curves, obtained, when testing specimens of rat plasma, showed, after correction, linearity and parallelism to a Step II Ep dose response curve, permitting valid estimation of the potency ratio. Reproducibility of this method was found to be excellent. Accuracy was acceptable with plasma samples containing more than 50 mU Ep/ml. The FMLC and the exhypoxic polycythemic mouse assay were compared using several batches of rat plasma. Good agreement was found between the results in both assays. As only a small amount of sample is needed (0.2 ml plasma) this method enabled us to estimate EP activity in single rats serially without disturbing their plasma volume significantly.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Metabolic studies on erythropoietin (EP): II. The role of liver and kidney in the metabolism of Ep.

Half plasma disappearance time (HDT) of endogenous erythropoietin (Ep) was measured in single rats, using an in vitro assay system for EP. In rats treated with the hepatotoxic agent d-Galactosamine-HCl (GalN), a small but significant elevation of HDT was found as compared with control rats (164 and 105 min, respectively). In bilaterally nephrectomized rats mean HDT was significantly elevated: 266 min. Combination of nephrectomy and GalN treatment did not result in a significant further elongation of HDT (mean = 301 min). In experiments using isolated liver perfusion, rat livers (with and without GalN treatment) were shown to be unable to change perfusate Ep titre during 4 h of perfusion. It is concluded that hepatic degradation of Ep in rats is only minimal. The kidney however is important in the catabolism of Ep.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1976

B.C.P. Jansen Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

In a patient with Fabry's disease who had undergone kidney transplantation to correct uremia, the neutral glycosphingolipids and alpha-galactosidase activity have been measured in plasma and urine and, 9 months later, after the death of the patient, in autopsy material. After transplantation, there was no significant increase in alpha-galactosidase activity in plasma; the activity found never exceeded 3% of the mean control value. A striking parallelism was found during the follow-up period in the increase and decrease of trihexosylceramide and globoside and also of glucosylceramide and dihexosylceramide. The alpha-galactosidase activity in spleen and liver was as low as that observed in untreated Fabry hemizygotes. These data and those obtained from autopsy material provide evidence that renal transplantation does not lead to a specific enzymic breakdown of trihexosylceramide in Fabry patients. However, no trihexosylceramide accumulation was observed in the transplanted kidney.

Adult↗