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Biomedical subjects

E Bogin

Publications and source records attributed to E Bogin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

gamma-Glutamyltransferase and serum proteins in buffalo calves following colostral ingestion.

Catalytic activity concentrations of gamma-glutamyltransferase in blood were determined for the evaluation of colostral ingestion. gamma-Glutamyltransferase levels were compared with those of total proteins, albumins and total globulins in the serum, showing good correlation at 2-3 days after birth. gamma-Glutamyltransferase was determined using the Boehringer Mannheim "Reflotron" dry chemistry enzyme strips. After colostral ingestion, blood gamma-glutamyltransferase increased from 35 +/- 19 U/l at birth to 1563 +/- 1283 U/l. Electrophoretic separation of total proteins showed an increase of serum gamma-globulins from 4.2 g/l before ingestion to 32.9 g/l after ingestion. The same analytes were determined in colostrum showing the major protein fraction to be gamma-globulins. gamma-Globulins and gamma-glutamyltransferase permeate to the blood stream, and there is a good correlation between them. The enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase can be used as an equivalent for the determination of gamma-globulins in the calf serum and the degree of colostral ingestion.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Use of the dry chemistry "Reflotron" blood analyzer under outdoor-field conditions in veterinary medicine.

Adapting the concept of "bed-side" patient analysis, the Boehringer-Mannheim Reflotron was evaluated for its possible use in veterinary medicine under outdoor-field conditions. Horse blood was analysed with the Cobas Bio analyzer, and indoor and outdoor analyses were also performed with the Reflotron. All values showed close agreement with no significant differences. Good correlation coefficients (r values around 0.9000) were also seen between all methods used. The Reflotron was operated under outdoor-field conditions by using, whenever available, an on-farm electricity source, or a gas operated generator. The data supports the proposal to adapt the Reflotron (or any other proved system) for outdoor-field, patient-side blood analysis, thus providing the veterinary clinician with values for blood quantities, and enabling an improved and more complete diagnosis.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

The relationship between heat stress, survivability and blood composition of the domestic chicken.

In order to better understand the metabolic changes leading to death which take place in the chicken during acute heat stress, the blood composition was determined in surviving and non-surviving chickens. The following blood analytes were determined: glucose, uric acid, serum total proteins, inorganic phosphate, total and ionized calcium, sodium, potassium, triiodothyronine, thyroxine. The haematocrit, erythrocyte creatine kinase (total and the isoenzymes) and haemoglobin fractions were also measured. Blood was taken from the wing vein before and after heat stress. Eight-week-old "Anak 2000" broilers were kept in a climate chamber at 24 degrees C/40% relative humidity during a 14-hour day, and at 20 degrees C/40% relative humidity during a 10-hour night. The birds were subjected to heat stress by exposing them to 40 degrees C/30% relative humidity for 3 hours. Significant differences between heat-stressed surviving and non-surviving chickens were seen in the blood levels of glucose, uric acid, total and ionized calcium, potassium, triiodothyronine, erythrocyte creatine kinase (total and isoenzymes). Differences were also seen in the levels and ratio of the 2 haemoglobin fractions. The significance of these changes, and their potential use as markers for heat resistance is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The effects of long term high environmental temperature on cellular enzyme activities from different organs.

The effect of long term hyperthermia on enzyme levels in the chicken heart and breast muscles, brain, kidney, liver and lung were studied. Three weeks old chickens were exposed to environmental temperature of 24 degrees C (control group) and 32 degrees C (experimental) for a duration of 5 weeks, after which the birds were sacrificed, organs removed, homogenized and centrifuged at 22,000 g for 30 minutes. Enzyme activities in the supernatant were measured. The following enzymes were analysed: alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, lactic dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Significant changes in cellular enzyme activities were seen in the organs studied. Based on the percentage of changes compared to the controls, large and significant changes were seen in the creatine kinase from heart muscle (mean increase of 328%), aspartate aminotransferase from the brain (mean increase of 148%) and gamma-glutamyltransferase from the kidney (mean increase of 105%). The organs showing the smallest changes were breast muscle and liver.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1996

The effect of feeding dried tomato vines to beef cattle.

Dried Tomato vines (DTV) are used as a feedstuff in some beef cattle in Israel, despite the literature citation that tomato vines contain potentially harmful steroid alkaloids. A small-scale feeding trial over 42 d examined possible deleterious effects of feeding DTV, compared with wheat straw, in beef cows. No differences in hematological values, serum parameters for body weight were seen between the 2 groups. Steroid alkaloid content of the DTV was not examined, but toxic levels of nitrates were found. The main practical hazard in feeding DTV would appear to be from their potentially high nitrate content.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1994

Changes in serum, liver and kidneys of cisplatin-treated rats; effects of antioxidants.

Cisplatin, a nephrotoxic chemotherapeutic agent, was injected into Sprague Dawley rats, alone or together with cysteine, vitamin E and clonidine. The effects on erythrocyte fragility, serum composition, and kidney and liver enzymes were studied. Cisplatin was administered as two i.p. injections (6 mg/kg body weight) at an interval of 120 hours. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the second injection. Erythrocytes were prepared from blood collection with anticoagulant. Serum was prepared from clotted blood, collected without anticoagulant. Kidneys and liver were removed and homogenized, and a supernatant prepared by high speed centrifugation. In cisplatin-treated rats, the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly decreased, whereas the activities of isocitric dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase were increased. Also, concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total lipids and magnesium increased while albumin and glucose decreased. Mean osmotic fragility of erythrocytes from cisplatin-treated rats was decreased, while the haematocrit was increased. In the liver, the only change seen was an increased activity of isocitric dehydrogenase. Much greater changes were found in the kidneys, with increased activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and decreased activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, malic dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, as well as a decreased phosphorylation to oxidation ratio in the mitochondria, indicating reduced adenosine triphosphate production. Administration of cysteine and vitamin E together with cisplatin partially reversed the uraemia and many of the biochemical changes induced by cisplatin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A rapid field test for the determination of colostral ingestion by calves, based on gamma-glutamyltransferase.

A qualitative field test for determining the blood level of the enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase is described for the evaluation of colostral ingestion. The method for enzyme determination is based on dry chemistry technology, and a simple 37 degrees C incubator and colour chart for estimating the activity. There were good correlations between results obtained with the field tests and those obtained with the Reflotron and the wet chemistry conventional methods. Following colostral intake by the calf, blood gamma-glutamyltransferase increased more than 100 fold. There were good correlations between gamma-glutamyltransferase and total globulins in the serum on days 2 and 3 after colostrum intake. Lower but significant correlations were seen between the enzyme and serum total proteins. Good correlation was also seen between the serum enzyme activity and the albumin to globulin ratio. Electrophoretic separation of calf serum showed a significant increase of gamma-globulins after colostral ingestion. The implications and importance of field test are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Winter outbreaks of laminitis in dairy calves: aetiology and laboratory, radiological and pathological findings.

During the winter months of 1984 to 1989, outbreaks of laminitis occurred in up to 6 per cent of all the dairy calves aged four to six months on a dairy farm in a village in Israel. The clinical signs were reluctance to move, an arched back, overgrown hooves, supracoronary swelling and occasional walking on the carpus; most of the calves were unthrifty. Owing to the regular recurrence of the disease, the feeding and haematological, radiological and pathological changes in both the affected and normal calves at the farm, and in normal calves at another farm in the same village were studied. In the affected calves there were significant increases in serum protein concentration and in the activities of creatine phosphotinase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Radiography showed dilated PIII vascular channels and some PIII rotation. Post mortem studies revealed haemorrhages in the laminar section of the hoof. The management of the farms differed in the protein level of the milk replacer and the 'starter' diet used during the first few months. The affected farm used feeds containing 18 per cent digestible protein whereas the unaffected farm used feeds containing 15.3 per cent digestible protein.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1990

Drug-induced decrease of serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activity in the rat, as a result of treatment with oxodipine, a new calcium channel blocker.

Chronic oral administration of oxodipine, a new calcium channel blocker, resulted in a reduction in the blood enzyme activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase. The reductions were both time and dose related. The decline in enzyme activities was accompanied by microscopic hepatic changes, which in the opinion of the authors should have been associated with an increase in the enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. The effect was only partially reversed one month after the cessation of oxodipine treatment.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1989

Feeding calcium soaps of fatty acids to lactating cows: effect on production, body condition and blood lipids.

Ca soaps of fatty acids (CSFA, 0.5 kg/d) were added to the diet of lactating cows for 170 d, and production, body condition score and blood lipids were examined. Production of fat-corrected milk was increased by 1.5 kg/d owing to increase in both milk and fat production. Over 250 d lactation, production of fat-corrected milk was enhanced by 1.3 kg/d. Body condition scores were lower in cows fed CSFA in early lactation, but tended to exceed those of control cows after 80 d lactation. Reproductive performance was improved in cows fed CSFA. Serum total lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol were increased in CSFA cows at 15 and 29 d but not at 59 d post partum. The cholesterol increase was mainly in the high density lipoprotein fraction.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

Uninephrectomy and repetitive pregnancies in mice: a combined stimulus for renal hypertrophy.

Three hundred 7-week-old Beit Dagan female mice underwent right nephrectomy or sham operation, and either remained virgin or were exposed to six repetitive pregnancies. Fractional kidney weight, dry weight and protein content were determined at ages 9, 10, 11, 17 and 26 weeks corresponding to the ends of the first, second and third trimester of the first pregnancy and completion of the third and sixth pregnancies respectively. In addition histological sections were evaluated morphologically and morphometrically. Renal dry weight and protein content per kidney increased abruptly to maximal values a week after nephrectomy and remained stable thereafter. Repetitive pregnancies were associated with progressive increments in both parameters. The effects of unilateral nephrectomy and repetitive pregnancy were additive. Following unilateral nephrectomy or pregnancy the number of glomeruli per field, as well as fractional glomerular area, increased more rapidly than in sham-operated virgin controls. However, the maximal glomerular number or fractional area attained did not differ from control values. We conclude that (a) in 8-week-old mice pregnancy is associated with renal cell hypertrophy; (b) repetitive pregnancies in these animals produce progressive augmentation in both renal dry weight and protein content; (c) the effects of repetitive pregnancy and unilateral nephrectomy on renal cell hypertrophy are additive; (d) this would indicate that neither manoeuvre exhausts maximal renal capacity for cell hypertrophy, and would suggest some possibilities for the underlying mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The effect of oral calcium load or verapamil on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Several investigators have reported recently that in rats, oral calcium load is associated with a marked amelioration in gentamicin-induced renal failure. In contrast to these reports, using the same animal model, we could not observe calcium-induced moderation in gentamicin nephrotoxicity as reflected by either urea or creatinine serum concentration or by various renal cortical intracellular enzymatic activities. Similarly, verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, had no effect on the degree of renal failure in these animals. We conclude that manipulation of calcium diet may not be uniformly effective in reducing gentamicin nephrotoxicity. Additional nutritional factors may play a crucial role in achieving the amelioration of this model of toxic nephropathy.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1988

Biochemical changes associated with the fatty liver syndrome in cows.

There were significant changes in enzyme activities and concentrations of metabolites in the blood and liver of cows with fatty livers when compared to normal cows. Blood and liver samples were taken from cows at the abattoir immediately after slaughter. The liver was checked for pathological signs and the samples were divided according to the degree of fatty changes. Three groups were studied: controls showing no gross pathological signs, mild fatty infiltration and severe infiltration. In cows with fatty liver, there were significant increases in the serum activities of isocitric dehydrogenase (ICDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutamic dehydrogenase (GLDH), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), malic dehydrogenase (MDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP). In the fatty liver, the activities of the enzymes, ICDH, G6PDH, LDH, MDH, ALP and malic enzyme (ME) were significantly higher, while sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) was significantly lower. While serum total lipid decreased, the opposite was seen in the liver with higher lipid content, mainly due to triglycerides and cholesterol esters. The significant increases in the NADPH generating enzymes ME, ICDH, G6PDH and MDH, which are required for fatty acid synthesis, suggest that the lipids accumulated in the liver are not only of extrahepatic origin, mobilized into the liver, but also arise from increased lipid synthesis in the liver which is induced during the laying down of fat in the liver. Measurement of the serum NADPH generating enzymes may serve as a useful biochemical test specific for fatty liver in cows.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1988

The renotrophic factor, a persistent stimulus that crosses the placenta in mice.

1. Twenty 7-week female mice underwent right nephrectomy and twenty others were sham operated. A week later all animals were made pregnant. Pregnancy was repeated five more times consecutively and various renal parameters were assessed in the pups. 2. Fractional fresh kidney weight (relative to body weight) was significantly increased in the pups of nephrectomized mothers while percentage renal water and protein content expressed as mg/g kidney weight were not statistically different in the two groups of pups. Thus dry kidney weight and amount of protein per kidney were increased in the experimental group. This was true for the newborns of all six pregnancies. 3. Renal morphometric studies performed in newborns of first pregnancies showed that the mean number of glomeruli per microscopic field, mean fractional cumulative glomerular area (relative to microscopic field area) and the mean number of cells per glomerulus were significantly greater in the experimental group. Mean glomerular radius was not statistically different in the two groups. 4. The results indicate that: (1) the renotrophic factor(s) crosses the placenta in mice; (2) its activity in maternal circulation following uninephrectomy is sustained for a relatively long period; and (3) fetal response to enhanced maternal renotrophin stimulation consists of increased renal dry weight and renal protein, formation of super-physiological numbers of glomeruli and cellular hyperplasia of the glomeruli.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1987

The relationship of calcium and parathyroid hormone in their effect on heart cells.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), the plasma concentration of which is raised in uremia, has been suggested as one of the agents responsible for the myocardial changes commonly seen in uremia. The effect of intact PTH on rat heart cells grown in tissue culture has been studied. Addition of the hormone to the media significantly stimulated beating rate. The stimulation was directly proportional to the amount of PTH in the medium. Excessively high concentration of PTH caused immediate cessation of the beating, which was reversed by the addition of calcium to the medium. The extent of stimulation by PTH was inversely proportional to the calcium concentrations in the medium. Isoproterenol and phenylephrine at excessively high concentrations in the medium did not mimic the PTH effect either alone or together with PTH. When beating ceased due to verapamil the effect was not reversed by the addition of calcium to the medium. Calcium added to the myocytes seen after beating ceased reversed the effect and the cells started to beat again. Cells kept for a longer period in the arrested state were not revived by the addition of calcium.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Biochemical changes associated with the osmotic fragility of young and mature erythrocytes caused by parathyroid hormone in relation to the uremic syndrome.

The effect of parathyroid hormone at concentrations found in uremic patients on erythrocytes (RBC) from newborn and adult rabbits was studied in relation to the fragility pattern in hypotonic salt solutions and the activities of Ca- and Mg-dependent ATPases. Median osmotic fragility of RBC from newborn rabbits was significantly lower than in mature rabbits. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulated to a greater extent the mean osmotic fragility in RBC from newborn rabbits, than in those from adults. Similarly, the hormone stimulated to a much greater extent the Ca-ATPase but not the Mg-ATPase in RBC from the newborn rabbits, in comparison to those from adult rabbits. PTH, which is greatly elevated in the blood of patients with chronic renal failure, may be one cause of the anemia seen in these patients, and its effect, which is mediated by Ca-ATPase activity, is stronger on young RBC. There were significant morphological changes in the young RBC caused by PTH, as seen with scanning electron microscopy.

Aging↗