Biomedical subjects

E Bloom

Publications and source records attributed to E Bloom.

59 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1977

Skin barrier properties in the newborn. Transepidermal water loss and carbon dioxide emission rates.

Relative permeabilities of newborn and adult skin to small molecules were determined by measuring emission of carbon dioxide and water vapor through skin. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measured on the forearm of 22 term infants was lower than that observed in 30 control adults (0.31 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.39 +/- 0.15 mg/cm2/h). There was no significant difference between newborn carbon dioxide emission rates (CDER) and adults CDER. When environmental temperature was raised from 74 to 80 derees F, large dramatic increases in adult TEWL were observed in contrast to small increases in newborns. This phenomenon suggests diminished eccrine activity in the newborn. No correlation of TEWL or CDER with respect to birth weight, sex, age or gestational age was observed. Similar permeability to carbon dioxide in neonates and adults and a decreased TEWL in neonates compared to adults suggest that even at birth the skin functions as an efficient barrier to these molecules, penetration rates, in adults, of other polar compounds should be similar to those in neonates.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pre-operative radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment in rectal cancer.

From January, 1975 to December, 1987, 241 patients with rectal cancer underwent pre-operative irradiation and surgical resection. The radiation was delivered with 25 MeV photons, 5 days per week by 2.4 grays fractions up to a total dose of 36 grays. Surgery was curative in 195 patients; 57% had abdomino-perineal resection. Irradiation had to be discontinued in 3 patients and 4 patients subsequently developed severe acute ileitis. Postoperative mortality rate was 2.9%. The most frequent postoperative complications were delayed healing of abdominal wounds (18%) and perineal wounds (14%). Severe late complications occurred in 27 (13%) patients. The incidence of intestinal obstruction was 5%. Follow-up survivors ranged from 18 months to 13 years. Local failure occurred in 24 (12%) of the 195 patients. Local failure rates were 10% for Dukes' A tumors, 11.6% for Dukes' B, and 22.7% for Dukes' C tumors. Five and 10 year actuarial survival rates after curative surgery were 70% and 52%. The Dukes' classification was the only factor that influenced survival.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Anti-idiotypic antibody and recombinant antigen vaccines in colorectal cancer patients.

The colorectal carcinoma (CRC)-associated GA733 antigen (also known as CO17-1A, KS1-4, KSA or EpCAM) has been the target of a phase II/III randomized trial of passive immunotherapy with monoclonal antibody CO17-1A and phase I active immunotherapy trials with polyclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking the CO17-1A or GA733 epitope on the antigen. The CO17-1A antigen was molecularly cloned and the extracellular domain expressed in baculovirus (BV) GA733-2E. Whereas, anti-idiotypic antibody mimics a single epitope on the antigen, BV GA733-2E expresses multiple potentially immunogenic epitopes. In animals, the immunogenicity of BV GA733-2E in aluminum hydroxide was superior to that of anti-idiotype in the same adjuvant. Here, we compared the immunogenicity of anti-idiotypic antibody and GA733-2E antigen in CRC patients. These studies indicate that the antigen is superior to the anti-idiotype antibody in inducing humoral and cellular immunity in CRC patients.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cellular injury from sustained vs. acute hydrogen peroxide exposure in cultured human corneal endothelium and human lens epithelium.

The duration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure was examined in confluent monolayers of human corneal endothelium (HCE) and human lens epithelium (HLE) by comparing 3-minute, 15-minute, 30-minute, and 90-minute treatment protocols. The cells showed remarkable ability to withstand high doses of H2O2 (1 mM, approximately 30 ppm) for up to 30 minutes without noticeable morphologic alterations or decreases in rubidium-86 chloride (86RbCl) uptake (a marker used to evaluate damage to the cells' active transport properties). In contrast, when H2O2 levels were maintained for 90 minutes, a substantially lower dose (0.1 mM, approximately 3 ppm) produced cell death, morphologic alterations, and depression of 86RbCl uptake. The marked difference in the dose-response for injury also appeared to be associated with a decrease in cells' abilities to remove H2O2 from the tissue culture medium. Knowledge of the time-dependency for H2O2 damage may be useful in the design of future in vitro studies concerning H2O2 effects, and may help explain the apparent lack of major cellular damage in vivo if topical H2O2 solutions are removed rapidly from the eye.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Erythropoietin with oral iron in peritoneal and hemodialysis patients. A comparison in an inner city population.

Studies on the comparative efficacy of erythropoietin (rHuEPO) in chronic hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are scarce. The authors compared the use of rHuEPO in 74 stable patients on hemodialysis with 24 on chronic peritoneal dialysis. All patients were on oral iron supplements. In PD patients, hematocrits were 23.1 and 30.1%, rHuEPO dose 80.9 and 89.0 U/kg/wk, whereas in HD patients, hematocrits were 21.2 and 27.5 and rHuEPO dose was 140.2 and 165.0 U/kg/wk at initiation and 6 months, respectively. Serum iron and transferrin saturations were unchanged in peritoneal, but decreased in hemodialysis patients on rHuEPO therapy. These findings suggest that rHuEPO is more effective in peritoneal dialysis patients than in hemodialysis patients receiving oral iron. The improved efficacy of rHuEPO in peritoneal dialysis may be due to decreased blood loss, subcutaneous administration, or better removal of inhibitors of erythropoiesis. Peritoneal dialysis may be more cost effective and desirable than hemodialysis for rHuEPO dependent or resistant patients.

Administration, Oral↗