Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Bloch.
We have presented a classification scheme to help in evaluating the diagnosis of stridor in the pediatric patient. The correct diagnosis can usually be arrived at on the basis of a careful and complete history, physical examination, appropriate radiographic studies and bronchoscopy. The anesthesiologist should be aware of the problems associated with all these conditions. In every instance prompt establishment of an adequate airway is imperative.
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Cortisol concentrations in amniotic fluid and maternal plasma were determined by a competitive protein-binding assay in 14 patients in the midtrimester of pregnancy before and after intra-amniotic administration of prostaglandin F2alpha. Samples were obtained at three-hour intervals until abortion or until the fetal heartbeat ceased. The mean plasma levels of cortisol increased from 324 +/- 173 ng. per milliliter at hour 0 to 524 +/- 272 ng. per milliliter at 6 hours (the peak elevated value). In amniotic fluid, the mean levels of cortisol increased from 4.71 +/- 2.5 ng. per milliliter to a maximum at 9 hours of 10.24 +/- 2.5 ng. per milliliter. We concluded that at 16 to 20 weeks' gestation the fetoplacental unit is capable of responding to prostaglandin F2alpha instillation by increased levels of cortisol in the amniotic fluid.
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Testosterone-binding proteins may mediate the induction of Wolffian duct differentiation by testicular testosterone. The presence of such protein(s) was sought in reproductive tracts of 14.5-21.5-day-old fetal rats. Supernatant fractions (127,000 x g) were equilibrated with [3H]T) +/- radioinert testosterone in Tris - HCl:EDTA buffer, pH 7.4, (approximately 0.1 mg protein/0.5 ml) at 4 C for 16 hours. Bound and free (3H)T were separated by charcoaldextran adsorption or Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The results with 14.5-15.0-day-old tracts were: a) specific binding to protein was saturated with increasing (3H)T concentration; b) Scatchard plot analysis indicated the presence of a single class of binding sites with high affinity (apparent Kd = 2 nM) and limited capacity (approximately 16 fmol/mg protein) for (3H)T; c) specific uptake was limited to (3H)T and (3H)5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone; d) (3H)T uptake by the tract supernatant was tissue-specific; e) pronase treatment abolished binding capacity for (3H)T; f) bound radioactivity consisted solely of (3H)T; and g) the mesonephric and ductal segment of the genital tract specifically binds (3H)T. The data demonstrate binding protein(s), specific for testosterone and possibly dihydrotestosterone, in the genital ducts of 14.5-15-day-old fetal rats. (3H)T binding to genital duct supernatants from male but not from female fetuses increased about 5-fold between 14.5 and 20.5 days of gestation. Upon Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, radioactivity was confined to the macromolecular fraction appearing in the void volume. Nuclear fractions, obtained from intact ducts incubated with (3H)T at 30 C but not at 0 C contained radioactivity. These observations are compatible with the existence of a cytoplasmic testosterone receptor or carrier protein aggregate. We have thus concluded that testosterone-binding proteins are present in the genital ducts of rat fetuses and that, in the male, their concentrations increase with progressive Wolffian duct differentiation.
Progesterone concentrations in amniotic fluid and maternal plasma were determined in 11 midtrimester pregnant patients following the intraamniotic administration of prostaglandin F2alpha. Samples were obtained at 3-hour intervals until abortion or spontaneous rupture of membranes occurred or fetal heart tones disappeared. In amniotic fluid, the mean progesterone concentrations increased throughout the sampling period. The plasma progesterone levels declined by about one-third of basal values in the first 3 hours after prostaglandin administration. The paradoxic increase in amniotic fluid progesterone is probably secondary to alterations in uterine blood flow and intrauterine pressure.
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