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E Bernard

Publications and source records attributed to E Bernard.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Steady-state serum pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of 500 mg oral versus 200 mg intravenous ciprofloxacin.

The pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin were examined after five days of treatment with 500 mg orally and 200 mg intravenously twice a day, in six healthy volunteers in an open, randomized crossover study. The ciprofloxacin concentrations were determined in serum by high performance liquid chromatography. The mean serum peak concentrations were obtained in 1 to 1.5 h by the oral route and the values reached were similar after the oral and intravenous dose (2.56 +/- 0.62 micrograms/ml and 2.6 +/- 0.67 micrograms/ml respectively). The terminal elimination half-life was about 4.5 h for oral form and 5 h for intravenous form. The absolute bioavailability of the oral ciprofloxacin was about 83%.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Aerosol pentamidine.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

[Kinetics of pefloxacin diffusion in human bone tissue following a single infusion of 800 mg. Evaluation of an extraction technic using chloroform].

A better understanding of the pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin in human bone is warranted by the efficacy of this drug in the treatment of bone and joint infections. Surgical bone samples were taken at 30 mn, 1h, 6h, 12h and 24 h after the administration of a single 800 mg intravenous dose of pefloxacin over 1 hour for 26 patients who underwent surgery in an orthopedic surgery ward. Drug concentration was measured by a microbiological method (extraction of the antibiotic in buffer or with chloroform). Up until the 24th hour, in 25/26 cases, the bone levels were superior to 2 mg/l (the critical concentration of pefloxacin) in cortical as well as in spongy bone. Our study reveals a good diffusion of pefloxacin in bone, results which support the idea that this antibiotic may be prophylactically effective in orthopedic surgery.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1987

[Bone infections: treatment by ofloxacin. Apropos of 10 cases].

Because of its pharmacokinetic, broad spectrum and oral administration, ofloxacin can be used in the treatment of chronic bone infections. A clinical trial was performed in 10 patients with subacute or chronic osteitis (5 Staphylococcus aureus, 1 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 1 Klebsiella oxytoca, 1 Escherichia coli, 1 Serratia marcescens, 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Patients were given orally 200 mg 12 hourly. Treatment duration went on from 2 to 6 months. In this trial, the evaluation was successful in the 10 cases with a delay of 2 to 13 months (m 8,9) after the end of the treatment. Prosthetic material has been taken off in 1 case out of 4 patients (prosthetic hip) because of persistaet free bacteria outflow. For one patient, a superinfection with a Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to ofloxacin was noticed at the second month. Bone levels (microbiological method) were between 1,3 and 9,7 mg/l and always higher to the MIC of the bacteria. Biological tolerance was satisfactory in spite of a rise of transaminase level, a transient renal disfunction whom relationship to the treatment was difficult. 3 transient photosensitivities were also noticed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Effects of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of doxycycline].

Because of the potential of doxycycline-rifampicin for oral therapy of infectious diseases with intracellular bacteria, specially brucellosis and the well known cytochrome P450 enzyme system inductive activity of rifampicin, we may speculate that this antibiotic can altered the serum concentration-time profile of doxycycline when given in combination. So, the main pharmacokinetic parameters of doxycycline (200 mg/day orally) in seven patients before and after rifampicin association (10 mg/kg/day). According to the results two groups may be individualized: the first (n = 3) showed no variation in the doxycycline++ pharmacokinetic; the second (n = 4) had significant differences (p less than 0.05) for all pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC, T1/2, Cl, Cmax) after association with rifampicin (AUC were half reduced). Moreover, as regard doxycycline half-life, a difference was observed between these two groups before rifampicin treatment: in one case T1/2 was of 17.9 + 6.6 hours, while in the other it was of 9.2 + 2.3 hours. The group with obvious enzyme induction had the longer half life. This suggests that the inductive rifampicin effect would be essentially observed in patients considered as "poor metabolizers". The pharmacokinetic modifications observed are likely of clinical significance on account of the doxycycline serum concentrations decrease under the MIC of most agents of intracellular infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Fatal septicemias: factors of mortality. Analysis of 72 fatal cases in the series of 462 case reports collected by the Septicemia Expert System group in 1985].

During the year 1985, 462 cases of septicemia were collected by SES group; 417 observations could be exploited. 73 patients died (17.3%). The statistical analysis of epidemiological and clinical data argued to factors correlated with high mortality rate: a shock, an acute respiratory distress syndrome, a pulmonary portal of entry lead to a high mortality rate. The fatal outcome increased with the age of the patients. A documented immunodeficiency (granulopenia, cytotoxic chemotherapy...), a previous broncho-pulmonary, neurologic or cardiovascular disease were factors of risk. The pulmonary or cutaneous localisations occurring within a septicemic phase were significantly related to death. Among fatal cases of bacteremia, 25% were Staphylococci, 25% Enterobacteria, 20% Pneumococci, 7% Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas, then Pneumococcus, then Staphylococcus bacteremias looks to have a worse prognosis. The more serious cases were prescribed several antibiotics, significantly much more than the mild cases. These results are compared with the results of former series; the main prognosis factors of actual septicemia are elicited in here.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Short-term antibiotic prophylaxis in colorectal surgery: cefoxitin versus piperacillin. A double-blind randomized study, 60 cases].

A randomized, double-blind comparative trial of cefoxitine and piperacillin was conducted in two groups of 30 patients with a similar number of the usual risk factors. Doses of cefoxitine 2 g and piperacillin 4 g were administered only once, except in some cases when the operation lasted more than 5 hours. Analysis of the results showed that the two antibiotics had equivalent prophylactic effectiveness (congruent to 6%) in colorectal surgery.

Abscess↗
PubMed1986

The diffusion of pefloxacin into bone and the treatment of osteomyelitis.

Pefloxacin was evaluated in the treatment of bone infections. A clinical trial was performed in 15 patients with chronic osteitis (5 Staphylococcus aureus, 5 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 3 Serratia sp., 1 Proteus mirabilis, and a mixed infection with a Streptococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli). Patients were given pefloxacin 400 mg 12-hourly iv for 48 h followed by oral treatment. Bone biopsies from the iliac crest were carried out after at least seven days treatment, 2 h after the last dose. Serum levels were estimated at the same time. In 13 patients the pefloxacin levels were between 2 and 10 mg per g of bone and always greater than, or equal to, the MIC for the infecting organism. In 11 patients treated for six months and followed up for up to 14 months after the completion of treatment, the therapy was successful. In another two patients, the results were excellent with closure of fistulae, but there was only limited follow-up. There were two failures: in one (post-radiation osteitis) the infection persisted and in the other there was intolerance of the antimicrobial. In both cases there was no increase in the MIC of pefloxacin against the organisms. Three patients underwent operations for orthopaedic indications, after at least two months of treatment. Bone cultures from the initial focus remained sterile. Side-effects were mild.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Current treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections].

The Staphylococcus aureus infections seen in general practice still respond relatively well to the usual treatments, including penicillin M, first generation cephalosporins or synergistins. Those seen in hospitals are highly resistant to oxacillin (14 to 43 h depending on individual hospital units) and should be treated from the start with major antistaphylococcal drugs, such as vancomycin, fosfomycin in combination therapy or pefloxacine.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗