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Biomedical subjects

E Berman

Publications and source records attributed to E Berman.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Growth and development of mice offspring after irradiation in utero with 2,450-MHz microwaves.

Mice offspring irradiated in utero with 2,450-MHz radio-frequency (RF) radiation at 0 or 28 mW/cm2 (whole-body averaged specific absorption rate = 0 or 16.5 W/kg) for 100 minutes daily on days 6 through 17 of gestation were evaluated for maturation and development on days 1, 5, 10, 12, 15, and 17 of age. The tests used to determine differences in developmental age in the two treatment groups were body weight, urine concentrating ability, brain weight, tolerance to ouabain, and bone lengths. Fifteen sham-irradiated and 26 RF-irradiated litters, normalized to eight pups/litter, were used in this study. Mean body weight of the microwave-irradiated offspring were significantly (p = .0003) decreased only on day 1 of age. Brain weight on days 10, 12, and 17 were significantly lower in microwave-irradiated pups (p = .01). There were no significant differences in the two groups in urine concentrating ability on day 5, ouabain tolerance on day 15, or bone length on days 5, 10, 12, and 17. It is concluded that there is a persistent delay in postnatal development of the brain after RF irradiation with 16.5 W/kg during gestation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Decreased body weight in fetal rats after irradiation with 2450-MHz (CW) microwaves.

Female Sprague-Dawley (CD) rats were exposed to 2450-MHz (CW) microwave radiation at incident power densities of 0 or 40 mW/cm2 (SAR = 6.0 W/kg) for 100 min daily on the sixth through 15th day of gestation. One-time exposure to the same conditions increased average colonic temperatures 2 degrees C at the end of irradiation in pregnant rats of similar size. There were 23 sham-irradiated and 24 microwave-irradiated females. When these groups were compared on the 21st day of gestation, no significant differences were found in pregnancy rates; in the numbers of live, dead or total fetuses; nor in the incidences of external, visceral or skeletal anomalies or variations. However, mean fetal body weight was significantly (p = 0.0008) lower after microwave irradiation and was 9% less than that of sham-irradiated litters. Sternal ossification was also significantly delayed in the microwave-irradiated fetuses (p = 0.007). It is concluded that even though a change in the malformation rate is not effected in rats, a fetotoxic effect does occur due to microwave-exposure conditions which raise maternal rectal temperatures to approx. 40 degrees C and produce a specific absorption rate (SAR) greater than or equal to 6 W/kg in the dam.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A comparison of chromium-51 and iron-59 for estimating erythrocyte survival in the cat.

Erythrocyte survival studies were conducted on eight, normal, healthy, 1-year-old male specific-pathogen-free cats using both chromium-51 and iron-59 simultaneously. The chromium-51 procedure gave a half-life value of 11.1 +/- 0.9 days. This was considerably lower than would be expected on the basis of the experimentally determined iron-59 erythrocyte survival time of 51.2 +/- 14.9 days. The results of this study indicated that there was considerable loss of the chromium-51 label in the cat other than that from senescence alone. An analysis of the chromium-51 disappearance curve indicated that there were two exponential disappearance rates for the chromium-51 label and, in the absence of cell death, approximately 67% of the label was lost with a rate constant of 0.02 per day and 33% was lost with a rate constant of 0.1 per day. An equation is presented which models the loss of chromium-51 label which could be used to calculate erythrocyte survival from a chromium-51 disappearance curve. Blood volume measurements, hemograms, bone marrow differential results, and iron kinetic values also were determined and the results presented. While a reasonable approximation of the erythrocyte life span could be made by correcting the chromium-51 values for losses other than senescence, the iron-59 procedure would be the preferred method in cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Phase II trial of 4'-epi-doxorubicin in patients with advanced malignant melanoma.

Thirty-five patients with advanced malignant melanoma were treated with 4'-epi-doxorubicin iv once every 3 weeks. Most patients had not received prior chemotherapy and had good performance status. Three partial remissions and three minor regressions were observed. All patients experienced myelosuppression, but other toxic effects were minimal. 4'-Epi-doxorubicin has limited therapeutic activity in this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Determination of the structure of three oligosaccharides from normal human urine by using 60-MHz, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

The detailed structures of three trisaccharides obtained from normal, human urine were determined by 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These compounds are alpha-NeuAc-(2 leads to 3)-beta-D-Gal-(1 leads to 4)-D-Glc, alpha-NeuAc-(2 leads to 6)-beta-D-Gal-(1 leads to 4)-D-GlcNAc (2), and alpha-NeuAc(2 leads to 3)-beta-D-Gal-(1 leads to 4)-D-GlcNAc (3). Trisaccharide 3 has not previously been reported in normal, human urine. The elucidation of these structures by using 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy is discussed in detail. Some unusual, chemical-shift values found for structure 2 are related to intramolecular interactions between the NeuAc and GlcNAc residues, and may indicate that 2 has a unique conformation. The potential use of these trisaccharides as model compounds in 13C-n.m.r.-spectral studies of intact glycoproteins is critically evaluated. Like 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy, this technique demonstrates elucidation of the structures of mixtures of oligosaccharides or of glycopeptides that have very closely related structures.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

13C-n.m.r.-spectral study of galactosyltransferase specificity with regard to the carbohydrate side-chain of native ovalbumin.

As a prelude to studies using bovine N-acetylglucosaminide-beta-(1 leads to 4)-galactosyltransferase to label membrane-surface glycoproteins with isotopically enriched D-galactose, the structural specificity of the enzymic reaction with water-soluble, hen ovalbumin has been examined. The enzyme-catalyzed transfer of D-galactose from UDP-D-galactose requires a (nonreducing) terminal 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucosyl group and exhibits selectivity towards saccharide chains containing D-mannose. This study considers the structural specificity of the enzyme with regard to the anomeric linkage between 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose and D-mannose in the carbohydrate chains of hen ovalbumin. Uniformly 13C-enriched D-galactose was enzymically attached to the ovalbumin carbohydrate chain (which exhibits microheterogeneity in its structure), the protein was hydrolyzed, and separate glycopeptide fractions were chromatographically isolated. The 13C-n.m.r. spectra (60.5 MHz) of the fractions revealed two peaks for the anomeric carbon atom of D-galactose. The two peaks, at 104.20 and 104.39 p.p.m., were ascribed to D-galactosyl groups attached to 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose respectively linked beta-(1 leads to 4) and beta-(1 leads to 2), to D-mannose in the glycopeptide chains. Quantifying of the spectral data revealed no specificity of D-galactosyltransferase towards the linkage from the terminal 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucosyl group to the penultimate D-mannosyl residue.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Phase I and clinical pharmacology studies of intravenous and oral administration of 4-demethoxydaunorubicin in patients with advanced cancer.

4-Demethoxydaunorubicin (4-DMDR), an anthracycline analogue available in i.v. and p.o. form, has shown significant antitumor activity in murine tumor models while producing less cardiac toxicity than doxorubicin at equimyelotoxic doses. Phase I and clinical pharmacology studies of the i.v. and p.o. preparation were performed. With i.v. 4-DMDR, consistent myelosuppression was observed at a dose of 15 mg/sq m at a median Day 15; mild nausea and vomiting were observed in 9% of all treatment courses. In patients given p.o. 4-DMDR, myelosuppression occurred at median Day 14 in 10 of 12 patients given 50 mg/sq m. Nausea and vomiting occurred in 25% of all treatment courses, and dividing the dose over 3 days did not decrease the incidence. Alopecia occurred in 13% of evaluable patients treated with the i.v. preparation and 30% of evaluable patients treated p.o. No stomatitis was observed with either preparation, and no patient developed clinical signs of congestive heart failure. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed with both preparations and revealed prolonged plasma levels of the 13-hydroxy metabolite 4-DMDR-ol. The suggested starting dose for Phase II studies is 12.5 mg/sq m given every 21 days for i.v. 4-DMDR with dose escalation by 2.5 mg/sq m in the absence of myelotoxicity. For p.o. 4-DMDR, the suggested starting dose is 40 mg/sq m given every 21 days with escalation by 10 mg/sq m if no myelotoxicity is observed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Reduced weight in mice offspring after in utero exposure to 2450-MHz (CW) microwaves.

Time-bred CD-1 mice (100) were sham-irradiated or irradiated with 2450-MHz (CW) microwaves at 28 mW/cm2 for 100 minutes daily from the 6th through 17th day of gestation. The offspring were examined either as fetuses after hysterotomy on the 18th day of gestation or as naturally born neonates on the 1st and 7th day of age. Fetuses of half of the dams were examined on the 18th day of gestation. The incidence of pregnancy and the numbers of live, dead, resorbed, and total fetuses were similar in both groups. The mean weight was significantly lower (10%) in live microwave-irradiated fetuses, and ossification of sternal centers was significantly delayed. In the offspring that were born naturally, the mean weight of microwave-irradiated 7-day-old suckling mice was significantly lower (10%) than that of the sham-irradiated group. Survival rates of neonates in these two groups were not different. These data demonstrate that the decreased fetal weight seen in microwave-irradiated mice is retained at least 7 days after birth. Evidence from other published studies is presented to show that the retarded growth is persistent and might be interpreted as permanent stunting.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Observations of Syrian hamster fetuses after exposure to 2450-MHz microwaves.

The teratogenic potential of microwaves was examined in a rodent species, the Syrian hamster. Exposure of hamsters to 2450-MHz CW microwaves at a power density of 20 mW/cm2 (estimated SAR = 6 mW/g) for 100 minutes daily on days 6-14 of gestation caused no significant change in fetal survival, body weight, skeletal maturity, or incidence of terata. Thirty mW/cm2 (estimated SAR = 9 mW/g) caused significantly increased fetal resorptions, decreased fetal body weight, and decreased skeletal maturity. Rectal temperatures of pregnant hamsters after exposure to 20 mW/cm2 were slightly increased (0.4 degrees C) over those of sham-irradiated dams; 30 mW/cm2 caused maternal rectal temperatures to be increased 1.6 degrees C over sham-irradiated dams' temperatures. It appears that the hamster fetus may be more susceptible to microwave radiation than the mouse.

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗
PubMed1982

A black hepatocellular carcinoma with Dubin-Johnson-like pigment and Mallory bodies: a histochemical and ultrastructural study.

A hepatocellular carcinoma which was predominately black was surgically excised from a noncirrhotic, asymptomatic 62-year-old white man. Brown-black, pigment granules, found only in the tumor cells, were histochemically and ultrastructurally identical to the hepatocellular pigment found in Dubin-Johnson syndrome. The latter pigment is thought to accumulate as a consequence of a genetically determined abnormality in the excretion of catecholamines and related substances. It is postulated that the pigment formation in this tumor developed via a similar, though epigenetic, mechanism. This occurrence has not been previously described. Unusual PAS-negative, globular cytoplasmic inclusions were also found in the tumor cells and these proved to be Mallory bodies by electron microscopy.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1982

Severe peripheral neuropathy after exposure to monosodium methyl arsonate.

A case of severe peripheral neuropathy after several days of exposure to a pesticide spray containing monosodium methyl arsonate (MSMA) is reported. The clinical manifestations of symmetrical peripheral neuropathy with stocking-glove sensory deficit, decreased position sense, decreased and absent deep tendon reflexes, and muscle wasting are consistent with those described in other cases of arsenic intoxication. The anemia, leukopenia, and bone marrow changes of dyserythropoiesis in this case are also similar to those previously described with arsenic intoxication. The authors discuss the possible contribution of toxicity from exposure to other pesticides.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Simultaneous occurrence of renal cell adenocarcinoma and urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis in the same kidney diagnosed by preoperative angiography.

An unusual case of dissimilar histologic neoplasms in the same kidney is presented. An 86-year-old man had renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma in the same kidney eight years after therapy for urinary bladder carcinoma. These two different types of neoplasms were identified preoperatively by angiography. A peculiar hamartoma was also found in the same kidney.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Kinetics of alpha-mannosidase action on various alpha-D-mannopyranosyl linkages in hen ovalbumin glycopeptides as monitored by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

We show that 13C NMR spectroscopy is a practical method for following the kinetics of enzymatic digestion of individual carbohydrate residues of glycopeptides and for determining the structures of the products of partial digestions. Specifically, we study the jack bean alpha-mannosidase digestion of the two hen ovalbumin glycopeptides Man alpha 1 leads to 6(Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man alpha 1 leads to 6(Man alpha 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to Asn (Compound A) and Man alpha 1 leads to 6(Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man alpha 1 leads to 6(Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to Asn (Compound B). The reported "rule" that jack bean alpha-mannosidase hydrolyzes Man alpha 1 leads to 2Man and Man alpha 1 leads to 6Man linkages at least 15 times faster than Man alpha 1 leads to 3Man linkages (Tai, T., Yamashita, K., Ogata-Arakawa, M., Koide, N., Muramatsu, T., Iwashita, S., Inoue, Y., and Kobata, A. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 8569-8575) is not of general validity. Although the Man alpha 1 leads to 2Man (alpha) linkage of Compound A is the first one to be digested, the Man alpha 1 leads to 3Man (beta) linkage is hydrolyzed next, faster than the Man alpha 1 leads to 6Man (alpha) linkage. The Man alpha 1 leads to 3Man (alpha) linkage is hydrolyzed very slowly. We show that it is practical to use 13C NMR spectroscopy to determine when the enzymatic digestion should be halted to isolate derivatives such as Man alpha 1 leads to 6(Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man alpha 1 leads to 6Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to Asn and Man alpha 1 leads to 3Man alpha 1 leads to 6Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to Asn.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Structure and dynamic behavior of the oligosaccharide side chain of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease B. Application of carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Natural abundance 13C NMR (at 67.9 MHz) is used to study the primary structure and dynamic behavior of the carbohydrate side chain [(Man)6(GlcNAc)2-Asn] of ribonuclease B and of the shorter carbohydrate side chain [Man(GlcNAc)2-Asn] of a modified ribonuclease B (ribonuclease Bm). A comparison of the 13C NMR spectra of ribonuclease B and of the model compounds Man alpha 1 leads to 6(Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man alpha 1 leads to 6 (Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to Asn (Compound A) and Man alpha 1 leads to 6(Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man alpha 1 leads to 6(Man alpha 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to Asn (Compound B) indicates that the (Man)5(GlcNAc)2 configuration of Compound A is present as a core structure in ribonuclease B and that only up to about 30% of our sample of ribonuclease B has the (Man)6(GlcNAc)2 structure of Compound B. Spin-lattice relaxation times, nuclear Overhauser enhancements, and linewidths of the carbohydrate carbon resonances of ribonuclease Bm indicate that the mannose residue and the N-acetylglucosamine linked to mannose are undergoing fast internal rotation (at least as fast as the rate of overall molecular tumbling). The terminal mannose residues of ribonuclease B also exhibit fast internal rotation. A comparison of the chemical shifts of the nonprotonated aromatic carbons of ribonuclease B and ribonuclease A strongly suggests that the carbohydrate side chain of ribonuclease B has a negligible effect (overall or localized) on the conformation of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease.

Animals↗