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Biomedical subjects

E B Pedersen

Publications and source records attributed to E B Pedersen.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Plasma renin activity during lithium treatment of patients.

Plasma renin activity (PRA) was determined in patients given lithium treatment. In a longitudinal study PRA was determined in 9 patients before the start of lithium treatment and at intervals during 3 months of treatment. The activity was increased significantly above pretreatment values on day 8 of the treatment; thereafter it fell to pretreatment values. In a transversal study 18 patients given lithium treatment for 2-20 years were compared with 11 control persons. PRA did not differ significantly between the two groups. The results indicate that PRA rises transiently shortly after start of lithium treatment and thereafter falls to pretreatment values where it remains even under prolonged lithium administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Plasma aldosterone and magnesium in serum and urine during lithium treatment.

Serum magnesium, urinary magnesium excretion and plasma aldosterone were determined in 8 manic-depressive before and at intervals during 3 months of lithium treatment (longitudinal study), and in 27 manic-depressive patients who had been treated with lithium for 3 months to 20 years (transversal study). In the longitudinal study urinary magnesium excretion and urine flow increased slightly after 1-3 months of therapy; serum magnesium and plasma aldosterone were unchanged. In the transversal study urinary magnesium excretion, serum magnesium and plasma aldosterone were within normal limits, and they did not differ significantly from levels in the longitudinal study. No correlation was found between serum magnesium or urinary magnesium excretion and plasma aldosterone in either study. The results indicate that changes in urinary magnesium excretion during lithium therapy are not mediated via changes in plasma aldosterone, but may be secondary to diminished renal water reabsorption induced by lithium.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Plasma renin substrate during lithium treatment.

Inspired from experiments in animals, plasma renin substrate was determined in patients given lithium treatment. In a longitudinal study, renin substrate was determined in 9 patients before the start of lithium treatment and at intervals during 3 months of treatment. In a transversal study, 18 patients on lithium treatment for 2--20 years were compared with 11 control persons. In the longitudinal study, plasma renin substrate values did not, during lithium treatment, deviate significantly from pretreatment values. In the transversal study, values in the lithium-treated patients did not differ significantly from values in the control group. There were no correlations between serum lithium concentrations and plasma renin substrate values. Our study indicates that plasma renin substrate remains unaffected by lithium treatment of manic-depressive patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Obstructive uropathy in chronic inflammatory bowel disease.

On the basis of intravenous pyelography the frequency of ureteral obstruction was elucidated in retrospect in 140 patients with Crohn's disease and 88 patients with ulcerative colitis. The findings were related to X-ray examination of the gastrointestinal tract and to the clinical condition at the time of examination. 19% of the Crohn patients had ureteral obstruction, typically affecting the right ureter on a level with the linea terminalis. There was a close topographic relationship between radiologically demonstrated intestinal changes and a mass in the homolateral iliac fossa. There was no relation to duration or activity of the disease, urinary tract infections, surgery, or steroid medication. 14% of the patients with ulcerative colitis had ureteral obstruction of varying localization and nearly always arising after colectomy. Renal calculi were found in 13% of the patients with Crohn's disease and in 18% of those with ulcerative colitis. I.v. pyelography is recommended before and after intestinal resection in chronic inflammatory bowel disease to demonstrate the relatively common and often fairly silent urinary tract complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Kidney transplant artery stenosis. Interrelationship between blood pressure, kidney function, renin-aldosterone system and body sodium content.

Among 9 hypertensive recipients with kidney transplant artery stenosis (KTAS) evidence of increased activity of the renin system was present in 3. Surgical repair of KTAS in 4 recipients resulted in an increase in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate associated with a decrease in exchangeable sodium and blood pressure. Peripheral plasma renin and aldosterone values were normal before and after operation in all. It is suggested that sodium retention may counterbalance increased activity of the renin system in KTAS. Preoperative determinations of plasma renin do not predict the effect of surgical repair of KTAS on hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Parathyroid hormone in serum during lithium therapy.

In ten patients parathyroid hormone, urinary calcium excretion, and fractional tubular reabsorption of calcium were determined at intervals during three months of lithium treatment. Parathyroid hormone increased more than 40% within the first week and remained elevated throughout the treatment period. Calcium excretion fell by more than 30% within the first week and remained low throughout the treatment period. The reduction in urinary calcium excretion could be accounted for by an increase in fractional tubular reabsorption of calcium. There were no significant changes in serum calcium and inorganic phosphate or in urinary inorganic phosphate. The results indicate that lithium treatment affects the hormonal regulation of calcium metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Renal haemodynamics and plasma renin in patients with essential hypertension.

1. Blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) were measured in twenty-three patients with essential hypertension and in twenty-one control subjects. Plasma renin concentration was measured in all the hypertensive patients and in fifteen control subjects. 2. GFR and RPF were similar in the hypertensive group and in the control group, whereas the renal vascular resistance was significantly higher in the hypertensive patients. GFR and RPF decreased with increasing blood pressure in both groups. Increasing age induced a further reduction in GFR and RPF in the control subjects but not in the hypertensive patients. 3. Plasma renin concentration in the hypertensive group did not differ from that in the control subjects. The concentration was not correlated to age in either the hypertensive or normal group. 4. Plasma renin index was positively correlated to GFR and RPF and inversely correlated to filtration fraction and renal vascular resistance. 5. It is concluded that GFR and RPF depend on blood pressure in both hypertensive patients and normotensive control subjects. In contrast to the control group, the age effect was negligible in the hypertensive group. It is suggested that renin release depends on changes in renal vascular resistance in the arterioles at the glomerulus and the results support the baroreceptor theory of renin release.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Relationship between plasma aldosterone concentration and plasma potassium in patients with essential hypertension during alprenolol treatment.

Plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), plasma renin concentration (PRC), plasma potassium, plasma sodium and blood pressure (BP) have been measured in 22 patients with essential hypertension before and after treatment for one month with alprenolol. PAC, PRC and BP decreased and plasma potassium increased significantly during treatment. Plasma sodium, however, was unchanged. Changes in PAC were inversely correlated to changes in plasma potassium. No relationship could be demonstrated between PAC and plasma sodium. Mean BP was inversely correlated to PAC during alprenolol treatment, but bot before treatment. No relationship was found between changes in BP and changes in PRC. The results suggest that plasma potassium is an important regulatory factor for aldosterone secretion during alprenolol treatment. Other factors, however, must have a modulating influence and since the renin- angiotensin system is not suppressed to very low values, this system is possibly the most important of these factors. It is suggested that aldosterone secretion is not of primary importance in BP regulation during alprenolol treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The renin-aldosterone system and renal hemodynamics in patients with posttransplant hypertension.

Plasma renin concentration (PRC), plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) have been studied in 19 patients who had received a renal allotransplant. Group 1 consisted of 7 normotensive and group 2 of 12 hypertensive patients. Bilateral nephrectomy was performed in all patients; all were on a fixed daily sodium intake, and no antihypertensive agents were given. No significant differences were found between the groups in age, time after transplantation or dosages of prednisone. PRC and PAC were normal in all but one patient in group 1 and two in group 2. In these three patients a slight elevation of PRC was measured. After one hour in the erect position, a significant increase was measured in PAC, but not in PRC in both groups. After 6 days on a 10 mEq sodium diet, PRC and PAC increased significantly in both groups. After a further 6 days on the diet plus 150 mEq sodium daily, significant decreases in PRC and PAC were measured in both groups. No differences were detected in PRC or PAC between groups 1 and 2 either before or after the two dietary periods. RPF was significantly lower in the hypertensive group, whereas no significant difference was found in GFR between the groups. No significant relationship could be demonstrated between blood pressure (BP) and PRC or PAC, and PRC and PAC were not correlated to each other. RPF was significantly correlated to mean BP and PRC in the normotensive group but not in the hypertensive. It is concluded that PRC and PAC are normal in most patients with posttransplant hypertension, whereas the RPF is decreased. It is suggested that an abnormal regulation of renin secretion plays a role in the sustained elevation of BP after renal allotransplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Serum amylase activity and renal amylase activity clearance in patients with severely impaired renal function and in patients treated with renal allotransplantation.

Serum amylase activity was measured in 29 nondialysed patients with severe renal failure, in 24 uraemic patients treated with chronic haemodialysis, and in 29 patients treated with renal allotransplantation. Simultaneous measurement of renal amylase activity clearance (CAm) and creatinine clearance (CCr) was performed in 25 patients with severe renal failure and in 19 transplanted patients. Serum amylase activity was elevated in all three groups. CAm was significantly correlated to CCr both in the group with severe renal failure and in the transplanted group. Unlike in the group of transplanted patients, the ratio CAm/CCr was significantly increased in patients with severe impaired renal function. It is concluded that the elevation of serum amylase activity in patients with impaired renal function is primarily due to decreased glomerular filtration rate. The value of CAm/CCr for diagnosing acute pancreatitis is doubtful in patients with severe renal disease.

Amylases↗
PubMed1976

Effect of antihypertensive treatment on urinary albumin excretion, glomerular filtration rate, and renal plasma flow in patients with essential hypertension.

In 20 patients with essential hypertension the urinary albumin execretion, glomerular filtration rate (GFR),and renal plasma flow (RPF) were examined before and after antihypertensive treatment. Albumin excretion measured by radioimmunoassay was increased before treatment, and there was a significant fall during treatment. In patients responding well to therapy (diastolic pressure below 100 mm Hg), albumin excretion was significantly lower than in patients responding poorly to therapy. There was a positive correlation between albumin excretion before treatment and diastolic pressure during treatment, indicating that the albumin excretion rate may be used to predict the result of antihypertensive treatment. Patients with excretion rates below 25 mug/min generally respond well to the treatment used. No definite changes in GFR and RPF were found during treatment, and there was no correlation between albumin excretion and GFR and RPF. It is suggested that the increased albumin excretion in essential hypertension is due both to functional and morphological alterations in the glomerulus, namely increased glomerular filtration pressure and vascular damage.

Aged↗