What is your diagnosis? Small intestinal obstruction in a cat.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
E Aronson
Publications and source records attributed to E Aronson.
What is your diagnosis? Severe osteochondritis dissecans of the lateral trochlear ridges in a dog.
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Animals↗
Orthopedic disability, conformity, and social support.
The relation between physical disability, social support, and conformist behavior was tested in two studies. The first compared the conforming responses of persons who had orthopedic disabilities with those of able-bodied individuals and correlated perceived social support of those with the disability with their tendency to conform. The second was an experimental study in which university students made choices between actors who had disabilities and actors who were able bodied; orthopedic disability was signified by a person sitting in a wheelchair and social support by the choice of a teammate. Results showed that persons with disabilities (compared with those who were able bodied) reported a significantly higher tendency to conform and that this tendency was negatively related to reported levels of perceived social support. In the experimental study, conforming behaviors of both disabled and able-bodied actors elicited more social support than did assertive behaviors. The actors who had "disabilities" received less social support than those who were "able bodied," but the former were considered more original when they did not conform. The findings imply that individuals with orthopedic disabilities are expected to conform but, although their conforming behavior elicits social support within specific encounters, it does not affect overall social support across encounters.
Activities of Daily Living↗
What is your diagnosis? Primary hemangiosarcoma of the sixth lumbar vertebra in a dog.
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Animals↗
Use of ultrasonography and secondary wound closure to facilitate diagnosis and treatment of a cranial mediastinal abscess in a dog.
A 3-year-old dog was examined because of acute, severe respiratory distress. Harsh inspiratory sounds, oral abrasions, and pyrexia were identified. On thoracic and cervical radiographs, the trachea appeared to be ventrally displaced and narrowed for several centimeters of its length at the thoracic inlet. Cytologic examination of a transcutaneous aspirate from the caudal cervical region revealed a neutrophilic exudate with extracellular bacteria. The ultrasonographic appearance of the thoracic inlet lent support to a diagnosis of cranial mediastinal abscess. Drainage and debridement of the abscess was accomplished via a ventral midline cervical approach, and the site was managed as an open wound. After 6 days, secondary wound closure was performed. The ventral cervical approach prevented contamination of the pleural space, and treatment as an open wound allowed inspection of the affected tissues to determine optimal time for wound closure. The cause of this cranial mediastinal abscess was unknown.
Abscess↗
Closure of the iliac crest ossification center in dogs: 750 cases (1980-1987).
Radiographs of 750 dogs were examined to determine whether the iliac crest ossification center was open or closed. The center was closed in most dogs by 2 years of age. Eighteen percent of dogs greater than or equal to 10 years old had open iliac crest ossification center; 10% of dogs greater than or equal to 14 years old had open iliac crest ossification center. Closure of the iliac crest ossification center is extremely variable and, in many dogs, occurs at later age than has been previously reported.
Animals↗
Escherichia coli bacteremia associated with hypertrophic osteodystrophy in a dog.
Escherichia coli bacteremia was detected in a dog that had hypertrophic osteodystrophy. The dog improved after treatment with cephalothin sodium, iv fluid therapy, and cage rest. The cause of hypertrophic dystrophy has not been determined, although an infectious cause has been suggested. Dogs that are suspected of having hypertrophic osteodystrophy should be monitored closely for evidence of septicemia, and the administration of prophylactic antibiotics may be advisable.
Animals↗
Overcoming denial and increasing the intention to use condoms through the induction of hypocrisy.
Feelings of hypocrisy were induced in college students to increase condom use. Hypocrisy was created by making subjects mindful of their past failure to use condoms and then having them persuade others about the importance of condoms for AIDS prevention. The induction of hypocrisy decreased denial and led to greater intent to improve condom use relative to the control conditions. The implications of these findings for AIDS prevention are discussed.
Adult↗
Congenital cardiac disease in dogs.
Aortic stenosis is a heritable cardiac anomaly most common in German Shepherds, Boxers and Newfoundlands, and less common in Pugs, English Bulldogs, Boston Terriers, Fox Terriers, Schnauzers and Bassets. Clinical signs are associated with secondary left-sided heart failure and include coughing, moist rales, exercise intolerance, arrhythmias and a weak femoral pulse. It causes an ejection-type crescendo-decrescendo, systolic murmur best heard on the left side near the elbow. The ECG may be normal or may show signs of left ventricular hypertrophy, including an axis of less than 40 degrees, a QRS complex of greater than 60 seconds in duration, R waves greater than 3 mv in amplitude, ST segment slurring or depression, or T waves of an amplitude greater than 25% of that of R waves. A LAT radiograph usually reveals an enlarged cardiac silhouette, loss of the cranial cardiac waist, and normal pulmonary vasculature, while DV projections show an elongated cardiac silhouette, rounding of the left ventricular border, and a normal descending aorta. Nonselective angiocardiography reveals poststenotic dilatation of the aorta. Treatment of severely affected dogs involves surgical correction.
Animals↗
Congenital cardiac disease in dogs.
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) generally occurs high in the membranous septum rather than lower in the muscular portion. The English Bulldog and Siberian Husky may be predisposed. Clinical signs include a holosystolic or crescendo-decrescendo murmur best heard low on the right side at the 3rd-4th intercostal space and, with large defects, pulmonary congestion, exercise intolerance, cyanosis and ascites. The ECG is normal unless the right ventricle is hypertrophied, which causes right axis deviation and other electrocardiographic signs of right-sided heart enlargement. Plain film thoracic radiographs reveal signs of right-sided heart enlargement but often are not diagnostic. Nonselective angiocardiography is often not useful in diagnosing VSD with a left-to-right shunt of blood. Selective angiocardiography, in which contrast medium is injected directly into the left ventricle via a catheter, is the method of choice for diagnosis of VSD. Dogs with a small VSD remain asymptomatic, but those with large defects require surgical correction with a prosthetic septal pathic or pulmonary artery band.
Angiocardiography↗
Congenital cardiac disease in dogs.
Patent ductus arteriosus, aortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, pulmonic stenosis and tetralogy of Fallot are the most frequently reported cardiac anomalies of dogs. Systolic murmurs occur after the first heart sound but before the second, while diastolic murmurs occur after the second heart sound. Murmurs associated with the pulmonic, aortic and mitral valves are best heard at the left intercostal spaces 3, 4 and 5, respectively, and those of the tricuspid valve at the right intercostal space 3 or 4. Mucosae at both ends of the animal should be examined for cyanosis. Right ventricular enlargement is characterized by a mean electrical axis greater than 100 degrees, a Q wave amplitude greater than 0.5 mv in leads II, III and AVF, and a positive T wave in lead V10. Left ventricular enlargement causes an axis of less than 40 degrees, a QRS complex duration greater than 0.06 seconds, an R wave amplitude greater than 3 mv, and a slurred or depressed ST segment. Atrial enlargement is characterized by a P wave duration greater than 0.04 seconds and a P wave amplitude greater than 0.4 mv. The cardiac silhouette is more upright and round on DV radiographs than on VD projections.
Animals↗
Congenital cardiac disease in dogs.
Thoracic conformation, age, amount of body fat, and stage of respiration and cardiac contraction affect the cardiac silhouette. Deep-chested dogs have an upright, narrow cardiac silhouette about 2 1/2 intercostal spaces wide, while barrel-chested dogs have a round, wide silhouette about 3 1/2 intercostal spaces wide. On LAT films the vessels to a lung lobe should be of equal size and 0.25-1.2 times the diameter of the upper third of the 4th rib at the 4th intercostal space. On DV projections, vessels to the caudal lung lobe should be no larger than the diameter of the 9th rib. Signs of right ventricular enlargement include loss of the cranial waist, increased width of the cardiac silhouette, increased sternal contact of the heart, and an elevated cardiac apex. Signs of left ventricular enlargement include an elevated carina, loss of the caudal waist, and a more perpendicular caudal cardiac border. Signs of left atrial enlargement include separation of mainstem bronchi, compression of the bronchus to the left caudal lung lobe, and an increased distance from the carina to the dorsal border of the caudal vena cava. Enlargement of the aorta and main pulmonary artery segment on a LAT view appears as a soft tissue density obscuring the cranial waist. Pulmonary vascular fields are usually hypervascular in patent ductus arteriosus and interventricular septal defects, normal in uncomplicated aortic or pulmonic stenosis, and hypovascular in tetralogy of Fallot.
Animals↗
Congenital cardiac disease in dogs.
Nonselective angiocardiography is used to delineate certain congenital cardiac defects. It is useful in demonstrating lesions causing a right-to-left shunt, as in tetralogy of Fallot and a reverse right-to-left patent ductus arteriosus, but not for lesions causing a left-to-right shunt, as in ventricular septal defect. Positive-contrast medium, injected IV as a bolus at 0.5 ml/lb, opacifies the heart chambers and great vessels. Using a rapid film-changing device, 3 films are made in 6 seconds. A rapid film changer can be constructed from plywood, wooden slats and plexiglass. Three cassettes are loaded into the device, the first beneath the x-ray beam and overlying plexiglass window and patient. The first film is exposed just after injection of the contrast medium, and the second and third 2 and 4 seconds later, respectively.
Angiocardiography↗
Congenital cardiac disease in dogs.
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is thought to be inherited and occurs twice as often in females as in males, most commonly in Poodles, Collies, Cocker Spaniels and Shetland Sheepdogs. About half of untreated dogs develop left-sided heart failure by 8 months of age. Clinical signs include coughing, decreased exercise tolerance, pulmonary edema, a "machinery" murmur in the pulmonic-aortic region, and a bounding pulse. An ECG may reveal an increased amplitude of the R wave and a lengthened P wave. Plain LAT films reveal loss of the cranial and caudal cardiac waists, increased sternal contact of the heart, increased width and straightened caudal border of the cardiac silhouette, elevated carina, and an enlarged left atrium. Changes on plain DV films include an elongated cardiac silhouette, enlarged right ventricle, and 3 bulges on the left side of the cardiac silhouette. Nonselective angiocardiography can be used for a definitive diagnosis and to demonstrate a reverse right-to-left PDA, in which the ascending aorta, brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery are not opacified by contrast medium. Animals with a right-to-left shunt PDA are cyanotic in caudal body parts. Treatment of left-to-right shunt PDA involves ligation with 2 nonabsorbable sutures. A right-to-left shunt PDA should not be ligated but is treated by restricted exercise and periodic phlebotomy.
Angiocardiography↗
Congenital cardiac disease in dogs.
Pulmonic stenosis is caused by a malformed pulmonic valve, stricture of the right ventricular outflow tract or stricture of the pulmonary artery. English Bulldogs, Beagles, Samoyeds, Fox Terriers and Chihuahuas are predisposed. Clinical signs in severely affected dogs include exercise intolerance, stunting, dyspnea, syncope and ascites. Auscultation reveals a high-frequency, crescendo-decrescendo murmur during systole, loudest over the left side of the thorax, near the sternal cardiac border. An ECG may reveal a right-axis deviation of greater than 120 degrees, S waves in leads I, II and III, deep S waves in CV6LL, CV6LU and V10, Q waves deeper than 0.5 mv in leads II, III and AVF, and positive T waves in lead V10. Plain film LAT thoracic radiographs reveal an elevated carina, increased sternal contact of the heart, loss of the cranial cardiac waist and a widened cardiac silhouette, with normal pulmonary vasculature. A DV projection reveals an inverted "D" shape of the right ventricle and a pulmonary artery bulge. A nonselective angiocardiogram reveals poststenotic dilation of the main pulmonary artery. Treatment involves surgical correction of the stenosis.
Animals↗
Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a cat.
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Animals↗
Aortic interruption in a dog.
A 3-month-old English Bulldog was found to have a discontinuity between the ascending and descending aorta. There were no signs of illness associated with the interruption. The descending aorta was supplied with blood by collateral circulation. An aortic graft of woven synthetic material was surgically implanted to connect the ascending and descending aorta. Without any restrictions on the dog's activity, the dog has lived for over 1 year and continues to do well.
Animals↗