Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to E Anderson.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

General practitioners and alternative medicine.

A questionnaire on the views, beliefs and attitudes of doctors regarding alternative medicine was sent to 274 general practitioners. Of the 222 who replied, 31% said that they had a working knowledge of at least one form of alternative medicine, 29% had read publications on alternative medicine and 41% had attended lectures or classes in alternative medicine. Twelve per cent had received training and 42% wanted further training in an alternative form of medicine; 16% currently practised a form of alternative medicine. The majority of doctors (95%) said that patients had discussed alternative medicine with them during the past year and over half (59%) had referred patients to alternative practitioners. Forty-one per cent of doctors believed that alternative systems of medicine were valid and over half of the doctors (54%) defined alternative medicine as additional to western medicine, not taught in western medical schools or not available on the National Health Service, compared with only 16% who defined alternative medicine as unscientific.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1986

EEG "maturational lag" profiles: follow-up analyses.

Nineteen children who had EEG diffuse slow frequency profiles suggesting a maturational lag were retested 1 to 2 years later receiving both EEG and psychometric assessments. They were compared to 18 children who also had been tested previously but did not have the slow frequency profile. Children with the maturational lag profile displayed varying degrees of EEG developmental change upon retest; i.e., some showed the expected developmental change while others remained the same. Within this group, there were significant relationships between the degree of EEG change and psychometric scores. Those that demonstrated the most EEG change had higher psychometric indices, and these relationships were not obtained in the comparison group. These findings suggest developmental heterogeneity with respect to brain maturation as measured by the EEG and also suggest that test-retest EEG data can clarify a maturational lag diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Steroid sequestration and tightly bound oestrogen-protein complexes in human breast tumours and a breast cancer cell line.

Homogenates of breast tumours taken at surgery were prepared in phosphate-buffered medium in the presence or absence of the protease inhibitors N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME, 10 mM) or soy bean trypsin inhibitor (STI, 1 mg/ml). Aliquots (0.25 ml) were incubated in 5 ml medium, with the addition of excess trypsin (2 mg/ml) to experimental flasks. Oestrogen was measured by means of a radioreceptor assay (RRA) based on rat or human uterine cytosolic oestradiol receptor. In oestrogen receptor positive (ER +ve) tumour homogenates, TAME decreased while STI increased ethyl acetate extractable oestrogen in these preparations. The addition of trypsin enhanced yields of oestrogen in the TAME, but not in the STI or control (no inhibitor) preparations. None of these treatments affected RRA detectable oestrogen in homogenates of ER -ve tumours. Suspensions of ZR-75-1 cells, prepared in Krebs Ringer bicarbonate (KRBG) incubated with trypsin also gave greatly enhanced yields of extractable oestrogen. Fractionation of oestrogens from both tumour homogenates and from the cell line showed coincidence of RRA detectable steroid with oestradiol and oestrone, and, particularly in trypsin flasks, very non-polar components were also found. In the cell-line extracts, HPLC fractionation combined with specific radioimmunoassays confirmed the presence of both oestradiol and oestrone. The major extracted component was oestrone. The data suggest the existence within breast tumour tissue of sequestered pools of steroid requiring proteolytic action for their release. One possibility, consistent with reports in the literature, is that the steroids may themselves be directly conjugated to protein. Their presence in ER +ve but not ER -ve tumours strongly suggests some relationship to the development of hormone-sensitive disease. Alternatively, the phenomenon may be associated with the rigid compartmentalization of the paracrine function of the tissue.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Metabolic response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia in lean and obese subjects.

Metabolic response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia was examined in 8 lean and 11 obese subjects. The metabolic rate increased in lean and obese subjects during the hypoglycaemia. The mean response (as the sum of all the values above basal) was not significantly different between lean and obese subjects. The mean decrease in blood glucose and the mean hormonal response (increase in cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline) were not different between lean subjects and obese subjects. However, the metabolic response and noradrenaline response were variable in obese subjects and some obese subjects showed a poor response. These results suggest that in some obese subjects, there may be reduced thermogenic response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

On the nature of the left visual field advantage for faces.

An experiment is reported in which subjects were required to make a same-different judgment about two sequentially presented stimuli, the first of which was centrally presented and the second displaced either to the left or right of fixation. Three categories of stimuli were used; photographs of hands, faces, and silhouettes of unfamiliar aeroplanes. The results showed a left visual field advantage for both hands and faces but no hemifield effect for aeroplane silhouettes. Implications of these data for future research are briefly considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The effect of chronic and acyclic elevation of circulating androstenedione or estrone concentrations on ovarian function in the rhesus monkey.

The concept that chronically elevated blood androstenedione concentrations increase the incidence of anovulation in the primate and that acyclic elevated basal blood androgen and/or estrogen concentrations cause abnormal gonadotropin secretion was studied. Regularly menstruating female rhesus monkeys were implanted sc with Silastic tubing filled with androstenedione or estrone and compared with controls. Androstenedione implants increased the serum androstenedione concentrations from 1.6 +/- 0.1 (SE) ng/ml to 6.30 +/- 0.27 ng/ml. By peripheral conversion the testosterone concentration increased from control values of 279 +/- 10 (SE) pg/ml to 1280 +/- 41 pg/ml. The testosterone concentration in the estrone-treated monkeys was 247 +/- 9.7 pg/ml. The estrone concentrations were: controls, 63.2 +/- 3.1 (SE) pg/ml; androstenedione-treated monkeys, 63.2 +/- 3.1 pg/ml; and estrone-treated animals, 150 +/- 5.3 pg/ml. The corresponding estradiol concentrations were: control animals, 35.1 +/- 2.1 (SE) pg/ml; androstenedione animals, 30.9 +/- 1.8 pg/ml; and estrone-treated monkeys, 65.7 +/- 3.9 pg/ml. There was no difference in the morning serum cortisol concentrations between any of the three groups or between ovulatory or anovulatory months. The chronic elevation of either androstenedione or estrone caused an increased incidence of anovulation compared with the controls. Increased estrogen concentrations caused increased anovulation during both summer and winter months; however, increased androgen concentrations caused increased anovulation only during the summer months. However, LH concentrations were unaffected in either group but were lower during anovulation months in all three groups. An LH or FSH surge followed an estradiol bolus in three of four control animals and four of six androstenedione-treated but none of the estrone-treated monkeys. Histological examination of ovarian biopsies demonstrated thickening of the tunica albuginea ovarii in androgen-treated ovaries and an apparent increased number of atretic follicles. Corpora lutea were absent in the ovaries of the estrogen-treated monkeys, but otherwise these ovaries were similar to those of controls. It is concluded that chronic acyclic elevation of blood androstenedione (and resultant testosterone) increases seasonal anovulation in the rhesus monkey. Increased blood estrone (and resultant estradiol) leads to almost complete anovulation throughout the year and renders the central nervous system-pituitary axis insensitive to positive feedback effect of estradiol. Neither treatment caused an increase in basal LH concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1985

Orientation.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

The distribution of actin in cultured ovarian granulosa cells.

Ovarian granulosa cells grown on glass coverslips were split by a "sandwich" technique. Using this technique we describe a complex filamentous network in the cytoplasm of cultured granulosa cells that was composed of a branching and anastomosing lattice of filaments 20-40 nm in diameter. Since filament identification is impossible on the basis of size, split cells were decorated with S-1 fragments of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin. It was readily apparent that the major constituent of the filamentous lattice was actin. Actin was organized in large bundles in which individual filaments were longitudinally aligned. Actin was also observed organized in a loose network throughout the remainder of the cytoplasm. Actin appeared to be intimately associated with organelle and plasma membranes. Coated pits were also a site of actin-filament interaction. Filament polarity was generally away from the membrane with which filaments were associated.

Actins↗
PubMed1983

Surface binding, uptake and fate of cationic ferritin in a steroid producing ovarian cell.

Ovarian granulosa cells (GC) were exposed to cationic ferritin (CF) in an effort to determine the binding, intracellular fate of endocytosed negatively charged plasma membrane. Following labeling at zero degrees or after pre-fixation, CF accumulated in patches over the cell surface. Exposure to methylamine (MA) resulted in an even distribution of CF over the GC surface. Endocytosis occurred in non-clathrin coated regions of the GC surface and CF was subsequently observed in a variety of smooth surfaced vesicles. Following a 60 min exposure to CF many of the CF containing vesicles appeared to fuse with each other forming larger vesicles. Numerous examples of small CF containing vesicles surrounding large CF containing vesicles were observed. Also observed at 60 min were CF containing multivesicular and vesicular bodies. Tubular evaginations of the large vesicular structures were often observed; some containing CF. Acid phosphatase activity was observed in multivesicular bodies and the large CF filled vesicles. CF-containing vesicles were also observed in the Golgi region, but CF was never observed in the saccules of this organelle. Our study suggests that endocytosed CF does not pass through the Golgi complex. Many of the internalized vesicles become associated with the lysosomal system. Since GC's secrete progesterone in culture, these observations may indicate that membrane recycling in steroid secreting cells differs from protein secreting cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of mono- and disaccharides in presweetened cereals: Collaborative study.

A collaborative study was conducted using a modified AOAC method (sugars in chocolate) for the determination of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose in presweetened cereals by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Eight samples consisting of 6 products were analyzed in duplicate by the HPLC method and the AOAC Lane-Eynon method. The AOAC method was modified to use water-alcohol (1 + 1) and Sep-Pak C18 cartridges for sample cleanup. The HPLC results indicate precision comparable to the lane-Eynon method and the chocolate method. The modified HPLC method has been adopted official first action.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1981

Effects of Ca+2 and Mg+2 deprivation of cell shape in cultured ovarian granulosa cells.

After 3 days in culture, rat ovarian granulosa cells assume a flattened epitheloid organization. Ca+2 and Mg+2 deprivation results in cellular rounding which is reversible and was monitored by phase-contrast time-lapse cinematography. Concomitant with the shape change is a dispersion of the structural proteins actin and alpha-actinin. The arrays of large actin-containing bundles (stress fibers) are converted to a diffuse network as observed by electron microscopy. Alpha-actinin, which was observed by immunocytochemistry to be in a periodic array along the actin bundles, is disrupted also and redistributed in the periphery of the cell upon rounding. Measurements made of the culture medium during the rounding process indicate that there is a loss of Ca+2 and Mg+2 from the cell interior. These data led us to speculate that Ca+2 and/or Mg+/ are necessary in order to maintain the integrity of stress fibers and/or restrict the movement of alpha-actinin anchoring sites within the membrane.

Actinin↗
PubMed1981

Hormonal modulation of gap junctions in rat ovarian follicles.

Homocellular gap junctions between granulosa cells and between theca interna cells, and heterocellular gap junctions between granulosa cells and oocytes persist in rat ovarian follicles for as long as 90 days following hypophysectomy. Gonadotrophic and/or steroid hormones are therefore not required for the maintenance of gap junctions between these cells during early follicular growth. However, replacement therapy with estrogen and human chorionic gonadotrophin results in amplification of gap junctions in granulosa and theca interna cells respectively. Within 24h following hormonal stimulation, growth of gap junctions is characterized by the appearance of formation plaques as observed in freeze-fracture replicas and by the association of microfilamentous material located subadjacent to gap junction membrane observable in thin-sectioned cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

In vitro analysis of ovarian differentiation and the initiation of meiosis in the rat.

Intact, cranial, and caudal portions of fetal rat gonads on days 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 of gestation were cultured singly on Nucleopore filters in Eagle's MEM and McCoy's 5A media (both supplemented with fetal calf serum and glutamine) to evaluate the role of the mesonephros in mammalian gonadogenesis. After 2--7 days in culture, in vitro and in vivo control tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy to determine the extent of morphological differentiation and gonium maturation. The onset of morphological differentiation and meiotic activity, as determined by synaptonemal complex formation, was found to be independent of the mesonephric epithelium. Ovaries and testes were also cultured as heterologous pairs on opposite sides of collagen-coated Nucleopore filters for 4--6 days in McCoy's 5A media. In the absence of transfilter cellular migration and establishment of cell-to-cell contact, the in vivo pattern of sexual dimorphic onset of meiosis was observed. This finding lends support to the concept that local somatic-germ cell associations as opposed to extragonadal factors, are capable of providing the necessary environment for regulation of meiosis in the fetal rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Metabolism of N-(5-pyrrolidinopent-3-ynyl)-succinimide (BL 14) in rat liver preparations. Characterization of four oxidative reactions.

1. Four non-acidic primary metabolites of N-(5-pyrrolidinopent-3-ynyl)succinimide (BL 14) were identified and quantified using g.l.c. and mass spectrometry. The metabolites are alpha-hydroxy-N-(5-pyrrolidinopent-3-ynyl)succinimide (A), N-(5-(2-oxopyrrolidino)-pent-3-ynyl)succinimide (B), N-(2-hydroxy-5-pyrrolidinopent-3-ynyl)succinimide (C) and N-(5-pyrrolidinopent-3-ynyl)succinimide N-oxide (E), the latter analysed after reduction to the parent amine. 2. In rat liver preparations, all metabolites are formed by microsomal, NADPH-dependent enzyme systems, but with different characteristics. The response to inhibitors such as CO and SKF 525A indicates participation of cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the formation of all metabolites. Phenobarbital pretreatment markedly enhances propynylic hydroxylation (C) but has little or no effect on the other metabolic pathways. Succinimide hydroxylation (A) exhibits a pH optimum at 7.0, while the formation of metabolism B and C increases at pH values between 6.4 and 7.7. 3. Kinetic studies on the formation of metabolites A-C revealed differences in the Michaelis constant, while the Vmax values were similar. Succinimide hydroxylation (A) is most efficient with a Km of 3.7 X 10(-5) M, compared with a Km of 1.7 X 10(-3) M for propynylic hydroxylation (C). 4. The formation of metabolites B and E conforms to the corresponding mechanisms for lactam and N-oxide formation for other xenobiotics. The formation of metabolites A and C represents two extremities, reflected in their different responses to phenobarbital pretreatment, pH changes and in their different Km values. Although little can be discerned about the mechanisms from the literature, the enzymes catalysing both reactions appear to be cytochromes.

Alkynes↗