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Biomedical subjects

E Alhava

Publications and source records attributed to E Alhava.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid: disposition in bile, blood and urine after intravenous administration to man.

To study its pharmacokinetics and especially microCi/100 mg was infused i.v. in 8 patients with a T-tube inserted in the common bile duct at choledocholithotomy 7-10 days prior to the study. Bile was collected in fractions by continuous suction over a 24 h period. Blood samples were taken and urine collected up to 48 h after the dose. Tolfenamic acid and its metabolites were separated by TLC and were quantitated by liquid scintillation counting. The pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid could be described by a two compartment open model with V1 of 3.67 +/- 0.681 and VSS of 8.0 +/- 1.01. The total plasma clearance of tolfenamic acid averaged 106 +/- 8 ml/min and t1/2 beta was 1.38 +/- 0.32 h. A three compartment open model was required to describe the kinetics of total 14C. The plasma clearance of total 14C was 15.4 +/- 3.9 ml/min and its terminal half life averaged 19.0 +/- 4.1 h. The long half-life was caused by the slow elimination of tolfenamic acid metabolites. Four metabolites were measured in plasma and bile. The principal metabolites in bile were glucuronide/sulphate conjugates of hydroxylated derivatives of tolfenamic acid. The recovery of tolfenamic acid in bile was 1.1 +/- 0.3% of the dose, whereas the recovery of total 14C was 18.6 +/- 4.9%. The biliary clearances of tolfenamic acid and total 14C were 1.2 +/- 0.3 and 5.0 +/- 2.1 ml/min, respectively. Thus, biliary excretion plays a considerable part in the pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Effect of epidural versus general anaesthesia on peroperative blood loss during retropubic prostatectomy.

Peroperative blood loss, arterial blood pressure and central venous pressure were studied in patients subjected to retropubic prostatectomy. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups, continuous lumbar epidural analgesia for up to 24 hours and a thiopentone-oxyg n-nitrous oxide-alcuronium-pethidine sequence with intermittent positive pressure ventilation. The mean peroperative blood loss during operations under epidural analgesia was significantly less than that under general anaesthesia (370 +/- 34 ml vs. 590 +/- 34 ml vs. 590 -/+ 35 ml, mean -/+ SE). Only one patient out of 17 cases of epidural analgesia needed a peroperative blood transfusion, in contrast to 5 out of 21 general anaesthesias. Both the arterial systolic and diastolic pressures, and central venous pressure were significantly lower under epidural analgesia than general anaesthesia. It was concluded that decreased arterial and venous pressure were responsible for the reduced blood loss under epidural analgesia.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1982

Interaction between Li, Ni and Sr content in human cancellous bone.

Li, Sr and Ni content of human cancellous bone and their relation to elemental composition was studied in specimens obtained from 88 subjects with a normal mineral status and from 50 subjects having osteoporotic changes due to chronic immobilizing diseases. The concentrations of Ca, Mg, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Li, Pb, Sr and Zn were analyzed with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer and fluoride with an ion selective electrode. The data was analyzed with the linear multiple regression analysis. Ni had a statistically significant inverse relation to Li. There was a significant positive correlation between Sr and Ni contents. Chronic immobilizing diseases did not affect significantly Li, Sr and Ni contents. Also no age dependent changes of these elements were found. The mean concentration S.D. of Li was 0.23 +/- 0.14 microgram/g, of Sr 65.5 +/- 40.7 micrograms/g and Ni 1.29 +/- 0.83 micrograms/g, respectively. The strong interrelation between Li, Sr and Ni suggest that these elements should be analyzed together in studying the role of these elements in the mineralization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Melorheostosis. A case report with special reference to bone mineral density, bone circulation and bone scan.

A new case of melorheostosis is presented. Bone mineral density, and bone circulation were determined and bone scan carried out in the patient. The bone mineral density measured by photon absorption in the region of the distal radius of the patient's left forearm was found to be within normal limits, the bone blood circulation determined by Xc-133 clearance method was better in the affected side, and an area of increased uptake of Tc99m was found by bone scanning in the affected extremity.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Agranulocytosis during treatment with chlozapine.

Within six months of the introduction of the new antipsychotic drug clozapine in Finalnd, 17 cases of neutropenia or agranulocytosis were recorded amongst about 3000 patients treated. Agranulocytosis was fatal in eight patients, and in addition, two patients developed thrombocytopenia, and one patient leukaemia. As additional cases might well have been overlooked as banal infections, the risk of developing agranulocytosis during clozapine treatment was at least 0.5%. Impaired elimination of the drug or increased susceptibility of granulocyte precursors to clozapine, possibly due to some inherited characteristic, might explain the high incidence of complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Studies of catecholamines in amyloidosis.

Amyloidosis was induced in 21 mice by daily injections of casein solution for four weeks. Thioflavine T staining showed that the induction of amyloidosis took place in all mice. The catecholamine (CA) content was estimated in the spleen, proximal colon and kidney. In spleen the noradrenaline (NA) content per wet weight of tissue in casein-induced amyloidosis was significantly (p less than 0.01) lower than in the controls but this reduction was not apparent because of the huge increase in the weight of amyloid spleens. In the proximal colon and kidney the NA content did not differ from the control values. By fluorescence histochemistry the adrenergic fibres appeared to be well maintained in the spleen, duodenum and proximal colon in casein-induced amyloidosis. The CA content of rectal mucosal biopsies from five patients suffering from amyloidosis was compared with that from seven control persons. There was no significant difference in NA content. The present results suggest that in amyloid disease detectable alterations in the CA content or such morphological changes in adrenergic nerve fibres, which can be detected by fluorescence histochemistry take place only in the most advanced disease, if at all.

Amyloidosis↗