Biomedical subjects
E Alexander
Publications and source records attributed to E Alexander.
The physician and the declaration of Tokyo.
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Leuko-araiosis.
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Macewen's sign--"the cracked pot sound".
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The expert witness--to serve or not to serve (and if so, for how much)
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A perspective of the 1940s.
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Charles Albert Elsberg, M.D. (1871-1948): father of spinal cord surgery.
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Subtemporal decompression: radiological observations and current surgical experience.
Subtemporal decompression, although seldom used today for the management of hydrocephalus, pseudotumour cerebri, or premature closure of cranial sutures, is still used in many centres to alleviate intracranial hypertension caused by tumour, trauma, or severe intracranial haemorrhage. The charts of 50 patients undergoing subtemporal decompression for either severe head trauma or severe intracranial haemorrhage were reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative computed axial tomographic scans were available in 15 patients for analysis of the effects of decompression on the underlying temporal lobe. Calculation of the additional space provided by subtemporal decompression ranged from 26 to 33 cm3.
Sjögren's syndrome. Cutaneous, immunologic, and nervous system manifestations.
The studies recounted in this review have demonstrated that cutaneous vasculitis is a frequent extraglandular manifestation of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Two histopathologic types of vasculitis have been detected. One type, a leukocytoclastic angiitis, is found in association with high-titer anti-Ro(SS-A) antibodies, rheumatoid factor, hypergammaglobulinemia, and hypocomplementemia. The second type, a mononuclear inflammatory vasculopathy, in sharp contrast, is found in association with low-titer Ro(SS-A) antibodies, normocomplementemia, and absence of hypergammaglobulinemia and rheumatoid factor. Both types of vasculitis are found in association with peripheral nervous system and CNS disease. The peripheral nervous system and CNS disease involves the entire neuroaxis and preliminary data indicate that a vasculopathy is the cause of the peripheral nervous system and CNS disease. Evoked sensory response testing, CSF analysis, and MRI have proved to be very valuable techniques in investigating these patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Preliminary data suggest that high doses of prednisone or immunosuppressive agents are effective in treating these patients.
Metabolic acidosis. Recognition and etiologic diagnosis.
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A tribute to Paul C. Bucy.
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Too many doctors/neurosurgeons?
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Ernest Sachs (1879-1958): the first secretary--the power behind the throne.
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Candida albicans shunt infection: report of two cases.
Infection of cerebrospinal fluid shunts with Candida albicans is reported in two patients. Scanning electron microscopy in one case demonstrates the relationship of the Candida hyphae to the white blood cells and to silicone plastic. A review of 10 previously reported cases of Candida shunt infection indicates that the infection usually follows a major bacterial infection or direct contamination or occurs spontaneously. Previous therapy has usually involved removal of the shunt, and the role of parenteral antifungal therapy is still unclear. Overall mortality to date is 25%.