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Biomedical subjects

E Abemayor

Publications and source records attributed to E Abemayor.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Plasma cell tumors of the head and neck.

This communication discusses seven cases of plasma cell tumors isolated to the head and neck and reviews the pertinent literature. Five of the cases presented were located in the nasal passages and the paranasal sinuses, one in the temporal bone and one in the mandible. Because these neoplasms may signal the presence of multiple myeloma, full evaluation is required to exclude disseminated disease. Thereafter, the treatment of choice is high-dose radiotherapy with life-long follow-up. Radiographs and paraprotein levels may be used to assess tumor control or dissemination. Should new lytic lesions occur, or an elevation in paraprotein levels be noted, consideration should be given to further irradiation or systemic chemotherapy. Surgery is reserved exclusively for diagnostic purposes or when severe functional disability intervenes.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The fixation of malar fractures with the transnasal Kirschner wire.

Our experience with a rapid and reliable method for the repair of selected unstable malar fractures using external pin fixation is reported. Following reduction through a Gillies temporal incision, a Kirschner wire is introduced on the contralateral side, advanced through the nasal vault and septum and the reduced malar bone is engaged. This method of immobilization can be used in isolated malar fractures or in conjunction with the repair of other facial injuries. In 38 patients where this procedure was utilized, there was low morbidity as well as excellent cosmetic and functional results. The advantages of this technique as well as a comparison with other available methods of malar fixation are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of poorly differentiated head and neck neoplasms. Immunocytochemistry techniques.

Despite the use of strict morphologic criteria, some head and neck neoplasms remain classified as "poorly differentiated" or "undifferentiated." To circumvent this diagnostic quandary, newer techniques primarily based on immunocytochemistry are being utilized to study tumor specimens. These methods rely on the binding of specific antibodies to cellular antigens in order to better define the tumor according to cell type. We treated six patients in whom a definitive pathologic diagnosis could not be obtained without the use of immunohistologic stains. In each case, the definition of a specific tumor category altered patient management. The approach to the evaluation of patients with undifferentiated head and neck neoplasms is important. Close cooperation between the clinician and pathologist is necessary in such cases; this is assisted by a knowledge of the uses and limitations of the current diagnostic modalities being used, as well as proper tissue handling and processing.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The treatment of solitary plasmacytoma of bone and extramedullary plasmacytoma.

Eleven patients with solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB) and six patients with extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) were treated at the UCLA Center for the Health Sciences. Primary treatment in 14 of 17 patients was with radiation, while three patients were irradiated for recurrent disease. Eleven patients with SPB were irradiated with dose of 32-55 Gy, with 10 of 11 patients receiving doses of 40-55 Gy. Local control was achieved in 10 of 11 patients with SPB. One patient died with metastatic disease with unknown local status. Six patients with EMP were irradiated with doses of 38-56 Gy. Of these patients, two were locally controlled; one patient failed locally; one patient died during treatment; one patient died with local disease at 85 months after multiple resections, chemotherapy, and two courses of irradiation; and one patient was lost to follow-up. Progression to multiple myeloma was seen in 5 of 11 patients with SPB and in none of six patients with EMP. For patients with SPB, we recommend treating the entire bone to 40 Gy, with a boost when feasible. Patients with EMP receive the same dose, including the lymph nodes in tumors at high risk for spread. Radical surgical resections appear to be unwarranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Parotid masses: MR imaging.

Over a 2-year period 20 patients who presented with masses in the parotid gland were evaluated with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. T1-weighted images were obtained on a high-resolution, thin-section MR imaging system. When "cystic-appearing" lesions were found, T2-weighted images were obtained in order to better characterize the tumor. As in other areas of the body, MR images of parotid tumors are not usually histologically specific. MR findings may be distinctive in rare cases and define the internal architecture of complex parotid masses. Although poor tumor margination was a clue to malignancy, this was not a consistent finding. The real advantage of MR imaging in evaluating parotid masses was its ability to accurately reveal the extraparotid or intraparotid location of a tumor and demonstrate the relationship of the tumor to the facial nerve. Small and medium-sized mass lesions could be seen as superficial or deep to the facial nerve. Larger masses producing some distortion of the normal course of the nerve made identification of the nerve more difficult, if not impossible. In malignant tumors with gross invasion of the facial canal, MR images can show the extent of nerve involvement.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1987

Surgical trauma to the lateral semicircular canal with preservation of hearing.

Surgical trauma to the lateral semicircular canal (LSC) is a rare complication which does not always result in cochlear damage. The authors present six such cases, discuss the histopathological findings of one case, and review 12 previous reports. Transient cochlear depression with normalization of function within 6 weeks of trauma occurred in most instances. Vestibular symptoms were pronounced and, although compensation was not delayed, positional dizziness and instability usually persisted for several months and occasionally for a year or more. Histopathological findings (two specimens) were significant for obliterative scarring of the LSC at the site of injury and for the structural integrity of the labyrinth and cochlea. The mechanism of cochlear protection in these cases remains obscure; however, clean injuries away from the ampullary end of the canal occurring in patients without preexisting inner ear disease appear to have a better prognosis. Intraoperative closure of the defect, postoperative bed rest, and antibiotics are the basic elements of management.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Monoclonal antibodies against squamous cell carcinoma.

We report on a monoclonal antibody reactive with squamous carcinoma cell lines and with frozen sections from squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity but not with frozen sections of normal squamous epithelium of the oral cavity, esophagus, and skin. In addition, we identified other monoclonal antibodies with restricted specificity as reflected by their binding to a panel of established tumor cell lines. Subsequent testing of these monoclonal antibodies against a panel of normal and tumor tissue sections revealed two types of reactivity patterns: binding to normal tissue and binding to normal and tumor tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Transcutaneous Teflon injection of the paralyzed vocal cord: a new technique.

Because of anatomical deformity, trismus, or for other reasons, it may on occasion be impossible to visualize a larynx by the usual laryngoscopy methods. Such difficulties in patients who have paralytic dysphonia may also make it impossible to effect improved vocal cord closure by the usual techniques of Teflon injection. We have applied a new technique, detailed in this report, to these problem cases. Following topical anesthesia of the nose, nasopharynx, and larynx, 1% Xylocaine is injected over the cricothyroid membrane. A flexible or telescopic laryngoscope connected to a television camera is introduced through the nose or oral cavity, respectively. A 16-gauge spinal needle is introduced into the subglottic tracheal lumen via the cricothyroid membrane and directed into the undersurface of the paralyzed vocal cord under indirect visual control. Teflon is then injected, monitored via the television image. Our early experience with this simple technique indicates that voice improvement is comparable to that expected using conventional transoral laryngoscopic techniques.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

CT-directed fine needle aspiration biopsies of masses in the head and neck.

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is a safe, reliable, and cost-effective technique available for the evaluation of head and neck masses. Its utility is enhanced by the use of CT-directed aspiration. Candidates for CT-directed FNA include patients with: 1. deep-seated lesions; 2. distorted anatomy as a result of surgery or irradiation; 3. medical problems which contraindicate general anesthesia. The initial UCLA experience with this modality is reviewed. In certain clinical settings, CT-directed FNA can be a highly productive source of clinical information.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Effects of dichloroacetate on brain pyruvate dehydrogenase.

The action of dichloroacetate (DCA) on pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity of rat brain has been studied in vitro and in vivo. In a crude brain mitochondrial fraction, DCA inhibits PDH kinase and in rat brain slices this compound increases PDH activity and stimulates glucose oxidation. In the whole animal, intraperitoneal injection of DCA causes activation of brain PDH, indicating that this inhibitor crosses the blood-brain barrier. The same treatment with DCA also produced a large increase in heart PDH activity. Further studies of the effects of DCA on the CNS should lead to results of considerable importance.

Acetates↗
PubMed1984

Teratomas of the head and neck in childhood.

Teratomas are tumors consisting of tissue arising from all three embryonic germ layers. Their occurrence in the head and neck region is rare. Three patients with this lesion are presented. Although exhibiting progressive uncoordinated growth, histologic evidence of malignancy in the head and neck form of this tumor is distinctly uncommon. Mortality associated with teratomas is most often secondary to respiratory compromise. Complete surgical extirpation is the treatment of choice to lower mortality and recurrences. The use of fine needle aspiration in the management of neck masses in children is discussed.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1983

Metastatic cancer to the larynx. Diagnosis and management.

A case of metastatic tumor in the larynx following successful treatment of a breast carcinoma and a colon carcinoma is presented. The lesion was visible by indirect laryngoscopy, and computed tomography of the larynx assisted in delineating the extent of the disease. The separation of primary adenocarcinoma of the larynx from metastases is discussed, as is the identification of the origin of a metastasis where two separate primaries have existed. Other reports of cancer metastatsizing to the larynx are reviewed. Tumor spread to the larynx may be asymptomatic or may result in hoarseness, stridor and/or airway obstruction.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Kaposi's sarcoma and community-acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), or idiopathic multiple hemorrhagic sarcoma, has heretofore been considered an indolent disease of the elderly, which also occurs in immunosuppressed hosts. Within the last two years, an epidemic of a community-acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and disseminated KS has been reported in various population groups across the United States. The head and neck manifestations of KS in AIDS and our experience at UCLA are reviewed. Of 45 patients with AIDS, 18 (40%) had initial disease in the head and neck region. Most commonly, dermal lesions (44%), oropharyngeal lesions (39%), and cervical lymphadenopathy (33%) were noted. One patient had coexistent lymphoma. Six patients (33%) died of opportunistic infections. Head and neck lesions often herald more extensive disease. Early recognition of AIDS is important for complete patient evaluation as well as for personal safety.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1980

Multiple sequential pulmonary resections for metastatic pheochromocytoma with long-term survival.

Pheochromocytoma is not rare; indeed, it was discovered in 0.1 percent of consecutive autopsies and in 0.64 percent of a large group of patients screened for hypertension. A patient who underwent excision of a pheochromocytoma at age 7 years is presented. Seven years later, bilateral metastatic pulmonary nodules were excised. Fourteen years later, two metastatic pulmonary nodules were again excised. The patient is doing well 1 year after discharge. Surgical resection of multiple metastatic pheochromocytoma nodules is recommended.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Burn of the auricle.

Silvadene cream and Sulfamylon make up the treatment regimen for one contributor (Dr. Crumley). No systemic antibiotics would be given. Any areas of obvious third-degree burns would be debrided and grafted. The tympanic membrane perforation would be treated with antibiotic/steroid drops. The second author concurs with use of Silvadene cream and would avoid any pressure on the area (Dr. Abemayor). While he agrees that systemic antibiotics should be avoided, he also would not prescribe ear drops. He recommends evaluation for a pulmonary or ophthalmologic injury. There is a disagreement regarding imaging studies. One expert would order a CT scan to rule out facial fractures (Dr. Crumley). His counterpart would not order a CT but would check a baseline chest x-ray if there were any sign of pulmonary compromise (Dr. Abemayor). Both experts would obtain an audiogram after the acute problems are treated. In the case of foul drainage, burn reconstruction would be delayed. In addition to treating the otorrhea with ear drops, one physician would add oral antibiotics (Dr. Abemayor). The other author believes tympanoplasty should be performed prior to reconstruction (Dr. Crumley). There were several procedures suggested for the reconstruction. Both authors discuss a method of creating a postauricular pocket, burying the ear pedicle, and using costal cartilage for an inlay helical graft. Another approach involves minimal debridement of the cartilage and letting the wound mature for 6 to 8 months. At that time the area would be debrided and the postauricular skin used for external coverage (Dr. Crumley). If the facial scar is a cosmetic problem 1 year after the injury, triamcinolone injections and local massage should be considered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗