Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E A Wright

Publications and source records attributed to E A Wright.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Programs and services received by older persons with mental retardation.

Findings from a study of the programs and services received by a national sample of older persons with mental retardation were reviewed. Individuals were selected from a national sample of all facilities owned, operated, or licensed by developmental disabilities agencies having one or more persons 63 years of age or older with mental retardation. Facilities included foster care, small group homes, large private facilities, and state-operated facilities. One or two residents per facility were studied. A total of 370 individuals in 235 facilities were surveyed (10% of all eligible facilities). Comprehensive information on resident characteristics, day program participation, and services received was gathered through extensive questionnaire and telephone interviews of primary careproviders and directors of the day programs attended by individuals in the resident sample. Differences in programs and services received were presented by facility type.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Use of condoms as contraceptive and disease preventive measures among residents of Jos, northern Nigeria.

The effectiveness, acceptability and protective aspects of condoms as both contraceptive and disease control measures was evaluated in 168 male residents of Jos in Nigeria. They were aged between 15 and 40 years and were attending the Family Planning Clinic of the Jos University Teaching Hospital. The results showed that the majority (87.5%) of our patients were in the 21 to 30 years age group and most of the clients had used condoms for between 1 to 5 years. A good number of our clients (40.5%) used condom because it protects them against venereal disease while others felt it was safe and effective. The Family Planning Clinic was the main source of knowledge of the condom among our clients (42.9%), and the condom was rated as good or excellent by 137 (81.5%) clients. The only side effect of condom usage which featured prominently among our clients was reduced sexual excitement. The results were compared with studies carried out elsewhere. It was concluded that the condom could be an acceptable and effective form of contraception in this population. The users must, however, be highly motivated so as to use it during every act of coitus for optimal efficacy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Globulines anormalment precipitables (GAP) in Nigerian users of progestogen-only pill.

The globulines anormalment precipitables (GAP), which have been reported to be raised in current and former oral contraceptive users, were measured in Nigerian subjects which included male volunteers. The results showed that GAP were present in males who had never used contraceptives and that the mean values were lowest in intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) users and highest in females who had never used any contraceptives. However, current contraceptive users had lower mean GAP values than either former users or never users. It was therefore concluded that GAP levels alone cannot be used to predict the development of thromboembolic complications in pill users, and that ethinyl estradiol cannot be the main physiological stimulus for GAP synthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Performance quality, gender, and professional role. A study of physicians and nonphysicians in 16 ambulatory care practices.

The quality of medical care has rarely been evaluated in relation to practitioner or patient gender. Moreover, comparisons between physicians and nonphysicians typically are confounded by practitioner gender. In this study gender and professional role effects were analyzed separately for 162 male and female staff physicians, 191 male and female residents, and 73 female nonphysicians delivering adult and pediatric primary care in 16 ambulatory care practices. Analyses addressed influences of patient and practitioner gender as well as differences between physicians and nonphysicians. Results showed that female staff physicians performed better than male staff physicians for cancer screening in women by breast examination and Pap smears, but that female residents performed worse than male residents for urinary tract infections in children. Patient gender effects occurred for two tasks; for these, superior care was rendered to the gender with higher prevalence for the condition (girls for urinary tract infections, boys for otitis media). The results are considered in the context of the gender-relevance of particular medical tasks or conditions. Comparisons between physicians and nonphysicians were limited to female practitioners. Comparable or superior performance for nonphysicians was found for all tasks but one (cancer screening in women).

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1990

Low birthweight in the plateau region of Nigeria.

A prospective study was conducted over a three-month period; 1st February 1983 to 30th April 1983, to determine the incidence of low birthweight infants and the various factors related to low birthweight, in infants born at the Jos University Teaching Hospital. During the period studied, there were 1,597 deliveries out of which 195 (12.2%) weighed less than 2,500g. They comprised 105 males and 90 female infants. Sixty-one percent of the low birthweight infants were premature and the rest were dysmature. The majority of the infants 189 (96.9%) were born to mothers in the middle and low socio-economic groups. The medical, obstetrical and physical factors responsible for the low birthweight were identified but in 48 patients the factors responsible were not identified. Short-stature was the most prevalent single factor responsible for low birthweight infants. Others were preeclampsia, antepartum haemorrhage and no or inadequate ante-natal care. Multiple pregnancy and malnutrition did not play a significant role in this series. The difference between our low birthweight infants compared with those of advanced countries is believed to be due to the level of Obstetric practice in particular and medical practice in general rather than differences in nutritional status. These results were compared with those from another Nigerian centre as well as results from other countries.

Body Height↗
PubMed1990

Longitudinal change and interstate variability in the size of residential facilities for persons with mental retardation.

Changes in the size and type of operation of residential facilities for persons with mental retardation in the United States over the past 2 decades were discussed and current (June 30, 1988) interstate variability in residential services along these same dimensions examined. Considerable progress was noted nationally in securing relatively small, community-based residential opportunities for persons with mental retardation. However, this progress has not been uniformly realized in all states or for all types of facilities. Standards for federal policy that would make the official national commitment to community-based services more consistent among all the states were considered.

Health Facility Size↗
PubMed1990

Elevated abnormal proteins in the serum of Nigerian pill users.

The 'globulines anormalment precipitables' (GAP) which have been reported to be raised in current and former oral contraceptive users was measured in Nigerian subjects (which) including male volunteers. The results showed that GAP were present in males who had never used contraceptives and that the mean values were the lowest in intrauterine contraceptive (IUD) users and highest in females who had never used any contraceptive. However, current contraceptive users had lower mean GAP values than either former users or never users. Therefore it has been concluded that GAP levels alone cannot be used to predict the development of thrombo-embolic complications in pill users, and that ethinyl oestradiol cannot be the main physiological stimulus for GAP synthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Nephrotic syndrome and primary tubular amyloidosis in a child: a case report.

Nephrotic syndrome in a 19-month-old child was associated with an unusual form of primary renal amyloidosis. The amyloid deposit was in the tubulo-interstitium and not in the glomeruli. Although the deposit did not stain with Congo red, it had the ultrastructural characteristics of amyloid. The patient had resistant nephrotic syndrome, and he subsequently developed microhaematuria and glucosuria.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1989

Pelvic inflammatory disease and the intrauterine contraceptive device.

The relationship between the use of intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) was examined in 1054 patients who were seen at the Family Planning Clinic of Jos University Teaching Hospital and were followed up. The overall risk of PID developing in women wearing the IUD was minimal: 62 out of 1054 (5.9%). The rates, however, varied for the 6-month periods studied. The incidence of PID decreased as the period of usage increased. The greater number of patients developed PID less than 3 months from the date of IUD insertion. When PID occurred it was usually of mild or moderate intensity and the response to antibiotic therapy was very encouraging. There was no relationship between the parity of the patients and the development of PID. Even though there is a definite link between the use of IUD and the development of PID it does not obliterate the benefits which the use of IUD provide for the majority of its patrons; and so the use of IUD should continue.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of copper T-200 with Lippes loop as a contraceptive device.

A comparison has been made between Lippes loop and T Cu 200 intra-uterine contraceptive device with respect to their acceptability and effectiveness in a developing country. A total of 1054 patients were studied; 697 with Lippes loop and 357 with T Cu 200. The ages of the patients ranged between 14 and 44 years, with a peak age of 21-25 years for T Cu 200 and 26-30 for Lippes loop. The event rates were similar but T Cu 200 displayed lower expulsion rate, lower intermenstrual bleeding rate and a lower incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease. The Lippes loop had lower event rate for the other parameters considered, pregnancy and pelvic pain. The continuation rate was similar for both devices. Both devices are useful for women who wish to space out their children but for those who wish to achieve effective contraception for more than 5 years, Lippes loop should be the IUD of choice.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1989

Longitudinal patterns in ICF-MR utilization, 1977-1986.

The development of the ICF-MR program and the issue to which the ICF-MR program was intended to respond was briefly reviewed. National and state-by state statistics on changing patterns and interstate variations in use of ICF-MR services as of June 30, 1977, June 30, 1982, and June 30, 1986 were presented and ICF-MR problems and issues were discussed within the context of the evolving system of long-term care.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Fetal salvage with cervical cerclage.

A prospective study to evaluate the fetal salvage rate, cervical morbidity and cesarean section rate in patients with cervical incompetence using a cerclage procedure was conducted at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria. The study group consisted of 71 patients who gave a history suggestive of cervical incompetence, had a dilated cervix at booking and included emergency patients in whom the cervix had dilated because of a febrile illness but had never undergone a cervical cerclage procedure. The fetal salvage rate was 23.7% in pregnancies occurring before and 94.4% after cervical cerclage procedure was performed. There were 57 term pregnancies, 10 pre-term deliveries, and 4 abortions. The study clearly demonstrates the beneficial effects of cervical cerclage operations in patients who have suffered from preventable fetal losses because their incompetent cervix was undiagnosed. Our results were compared with those of other series. The diagnosis of cervical incompetence is discussed with particular emphasis on the use of screening tests in the detection and identification of cervical incompetence.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1987

Effects of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, singly and in mixture, on the macroscopic growth of three birch clones.

An investigation of some aspects of the effects of low concentrations of the gases, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, singly and in mixture, was made on the growth of three birch clones, two of Betula pendula Roth. (silver birch) and one of Betula pubescens Ehr. (downy birch). Comparative measurements of the growth form and dry mass increment were made over one year in glasshouses supplied with charcoal-filtered ambient air, and SO(2) and NO(2), singly or in mixture, at mean concentrations of 62 ppb (nl litre (-1)) of one or both gases. The main effects were found in those plants that were fumigated with SO(2) singly, and SO(2) and NO(2) together. Both treatments induced premature leaf loss and reduction in mass, especially of roots, the effects increasing over time. The heights and initial leaf areas were maintained, apparently at the expense of other parameters. NO(2), if present singly, had little or no effect, but it tended to enhance the damaging effect of SO(2) when the two were applied together. The different clones showed different degrees of response to the pollutants, but these differences became less marked during the second season of fumigation. The effects found are discussed in relation to the annual growth of trees, particularly birch.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

A case of acute appendicitis in pregnancy.

An unusual case of appendicitis in the second trimester of pregnancy is presented. The underlying pathology was shrouded by incomplete abortion. The patient's condition worsened after her uterus was evacuated and it was only at laparotomy that a ruptured appendix was discovered. The need for vigilance in suspecting appendicitis is heightened so as to reduce morbidity and mortality from appendicitis in pregnancy.

Abortion, Incomplete↗